Urinary tract infections in solid organ transplant recipients

American Journal of Transplantation

Volumn 9, Issue SUPPL. 4, 2009, Pages

  Rice, J C ^a   Safdar, N ^b  

^a SCRIPPS GREEN HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Asymptomatic bacteriuria; Candiduria; Cystitis; Pyelonephritis; Urinary tract infection; Uropathogen

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMPHOTERICIN B; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CARBAPENEM; CEFTRIAXONE; CEPHALOSPORIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; FLUCONAZOLE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS; ADD ON THERAPY; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; BACTERIURIA; BLADDER CATHETERIZATION; BLADDER IRRIGATION; CANDIDA; CANDIDIASIS; COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS; CYSTITIS; ENTEROBACTER; ENTEROCOCCUS; GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS; GENDER; GRAFT RECIPIENT; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFECTION CONTROL; INFECTION RISK; KIDNEY GRAFT; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSEUDOMONAS; PYELONEPHRITIS; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE; URETER STENT; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI; VESICOURETERAL REFLUX;

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; CANDIDIASIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; RISK FACTORS; URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS;

EID: 72949096366     PISSN: 16006135     EISSN: 16006143     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02919.x     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Reis MA, Costa RS, Ferraz AS. Causes of death in renal transplant recipients: A study of 102 autopsies from 1968 to 1991. J R Soc Med 1995 88 : 24 27.
2. Abbott KC, Oliver JD, Hypolite I et al. Hospitalizations for bacterial septicemia after renal transplantation in the United States. Am J Nephrol 2001 21 : 120 127. (Pubitemid 32453690)
3. Giral M, Pascuariello G, Karam G et al. Acute graft pyelonephritis and long-term kidney allograft outcome. Kidney Int 2002 61 : 1880 1886.
4. Pelle G, Vimont S, Levy PP et al. Acute pyelonephritis represents a risk factor impairing long-term kidney graft function. Am J Transplant 2007 7 : 899 907.
5. Abbott KC, Swanson SJ, Richter ER et al. Late urinary tract infection after renal transplantation in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 2004 44 : 353 362.
6. Bloom ITM, Bentley FR, Garrison RN. Escherichia coli bacteremia exacerbates cyclosporine-induced renal vasoconstriction. J Surg Res 1993 54 : 510 516.
7. Cosio FG, Innes JT, Nahman NSJ, Mahan JD, Ferguson RM. Combined nephrotoxic effects of cyclosporine and endotoxin. Transplantation 1987 44 : 425 428.
8. Audard V, Amor M, Desvaux D et al. Acute graft pyelonephritis: A potential cause of acute rejection in renal transplant. Transplantation 2005 80 : 1128 1130.
9. Muller V, Becker G, Delfs M, Albrecht KH, Philipp T, Heemann U. Do urinary tract infections trigger chronic kidney transplant rejection in man? J Urol 1998 159 : 1826 1829.
10. Alexopoulos E, Memmos D, Sakellariou G, Paschalidou E, Kyrou A, Papadimitriou M. Urinary tract infections after renal transplantation. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1985 11 : 101 105.
11. Tolkoff-Rubin NE, Rubin RH. Urinary tract infection in the immunocompromised host. Lessons from kidney transplantation and the AIDS epidemic. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997 11 : 707 717.
12. Lazinska B, Ciszek M, Rokosz A, Sawicka-Grzelak A, Paczek L, Luczak M. Bacteriological urinalysis in patients after renal transplantation. Pol J Microbiol 2005 54 : 317 321.
13. Chuang P, Parikh CR, Langone A. Urinary tract infections after renal transplantation: A retrospective review at two US transplant centers. Clin Transplant 2005 19 : 230 235.
14. Memikoglu KO, Keven K, Sengul S, Soypacaci Z, Erturk S, Erbay B. Urinary tract infections following renal transplantation: A single-center experience. Transplant Proc 2007 39 : 3131 3134.
15. Lopez-Medrano F, Garcia-Bravo M, Morales JM et al. Urinary tract infection due to Corynebacterium urealyticum in kidney transplant recipients: An underdiagnosed etiology for obstructive uropathy and graft dysfunction-results of a prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2008 46 : 825 830.
16. Svanborg C, Godaly G. Bacterial virulence in urinary tract infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997 11 : 513 529.
17. Johnson JR. Virulence factors in Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 1991 4 : 80 128.
18. Dowling KJ, Roberts JA, Kaack MB. P-fimbriated Escherichia coli urinary tract infection: A clinical correlation. South Med J. 1987 80 : 1533 1536.
19. Vaisanen-Rhen V, Elo J, Vaisanen E et al. P-fimbriated clones among uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Infect Immun 1984 43 : 149 155. (Pubitemid 14218017)
20. Rice JC, Peng T, Kuo Yf et al. Renal allograft injury is associated with urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli bearing adherence factors. Am J Transplant 2006 6 : 2375 2383.
21. Hoy WE, Kissel SM, Freeman RB, Sterling WA Jr. Altered patterns of posttransplant urinary tract infections associated with perioperative antibiotics and curtailed catheterization. Am J Kidney Dis 1985 6 : 212 216.
22. Tavakoli A, Surange RS, Pearson RC, Parrott NR, Augustine T, Riad HN. Impact of stents on urological complications and health care expenditure in renal transplant recipients: Results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Urol 2007 177 : 2260 2264.
23. Fishman JA, Rubin RH. Infection in Organ-Transplant Recipients. N Engl J Med 1998 338 : 1741 1751.
24. Keven K, Sahin M, Kutlay S et al. Immunoglobulin deficiency in kidney allograft recipients: Comparative effects of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine. Transplant Infect Dis 2003 5 : 181 186.
25. Kamath NS, John GT, Neelakantan N, Kirubakaran MG, Jacob CK. Acute graft pyelonephritis following renal transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2006 8 : 140 147.
26. Ranchin B, Chapuis F, Dawhara M et al. Vesicoureteral reflux after kidney transplantation in children. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000 15 : 1852 1858.
27. Coulthard MG, Keir MJ. Reflux nephropathy in kidney transplants, demonstrated by dimercaptosuccinic acid scanning. Transplantation 2006 82 : 205 210.
28. Mathew TH, Kincaid-Smith P, Vikraman P. Risks of vesicoureteric reflux in the transplanted kidney. N Engl J Med 1977 297 : 414 418.
29. Dupont PJ, Psimenou E, Lord R, Buscombe JR, Hilson AJ, Sweny P. Late recurrent urinary tract infections may produce renal allograft scarring even in the absence of symptoms or vesicoureteric reflux. Transplantation 2007 84 : 351 355.
30. Safdar N, Slattery WR, Knasinski V et al. Predictors and outcomes of candiduria in renal transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2005 40 : 1413 1421.
31. Korzeniowski OM. Urinary tract infection in the impaired host. Med Clin North Am 1991 75 : 391 404.
32. Pirsch JD, Odorico JS, D'Alessandro AM, Knechtle SJ, Becker BN, Sollinger HW. Posttransplant infection in enteric versus bladder-drained simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation 1998 66 : 1746 1750.
33. Stratta RJ, Shokouh-Amiri MH, Egidi MF et al. A prospective comparison of simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation with systemic-enteric versus portal-enteric drainage. Ann Surg 2001 233 : 740 751.
34. Rubin RH, Shapiro ED, Andriole VT, Davis RJ, Stamm WE. Evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment of urinary tract infection. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Food and Drug Administration. Clin Infect Dis 1992 15 (Suppl 1 S216 S227.
35. Ramsey DE, Finch WT, Birtch AG. Urinary Tract Infections in kidney transplant recipients. Arch Surg 1979 114 : 1022 1025.
36. Takai K, Tollemar J, Wilczek HE, Groth CG. Urinary tract infections following renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 1998 12 : 19 23. (Pubitemid 28112321)
37. Nicolle LE, Bradley S, Colgan R, Rice JC, Schaeffer A, Hooton TMal. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2005 40 : 643 654.
38. Ciszek M, Paczek L, Bartlomiejczyk I, et al. Urine cytokines profile in renal transplant patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Transplantation 2006 81 : 1653 1657.
39. Stamm WE, Hooton TM. Management of urinary tract infections in adults. N Engl J Med 1993 329 : 1328 1334.
40. Hooton TM, Besser R, Foxman B, Fritsche TR, Nicolle LE. Acute uncomplicated cystitis in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance: A proposed approach to empirical therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004 39 : 75 80.
41. Multiply antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Am J Transplant 2004 4 : 21 24.
42. Killgore KM, March KL, Guglielmo BJ. Risk factors for community-acquired ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. Ann Pharmacother 2004 38 : 1148 1152.
43. Hooton TM. Recurrent urinary tract infection in women. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001 17 : 259 268.
44. Warren JW, Abrutyn E, Hebel JR, Johnson JR, Schaeffer AJ, Stamm WE. Guidelines for antimicrobial treatment of uncomplicated acute bacterial cystitis and acute pyelonephritis in women. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Clin Infect Dis 1999 29 : 745 758.
45. Munoz P. Management of urinary tract infections and lymphocele in renal transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2001 33 (Suppl 1 S53 S57.
46. Moradi M, Abbasi M, Moradi A, Boskabadi A, Jalali A. Effect of antibiotic therapy on asymptomatic bacteriuria in kidney transplant recipients. Urol J 2005 2 : 32 35.
47. Rubin RH, Fang LS, Cosimi AB et al. Usefulness of the antibody-coated bacteria assay in the management of urinary tract infection in the renal transplant patient. Transplantation 1979 27 : 18 20.
48. Pappas PG, Rex JH, Sobel JD et al. Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2004 38 : 161 189.
49. Fox BC, Sollinger HW, Belzer FO, Maki DG. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis of infection in renal transplantation: Clinical efficacy, absorption of trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, effects on the microflora, and the cost-benefit of prophylaxis. Am J Med 1990 89 : 255 274.
50. Tolkoff-Rubin NE, Cosimi AB, Russell PS, Rubin RH. A controlled study of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis of urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients. Rev Infect Dis 1982 4 : 614 618.
51. Batiuk TD, Bodziak KA, Goldman M. Infectious disease prophylaxis in renal transplant patients: A survey of US transplant centers. Clinical Transplantation 2002 16 : 1 8.
52. Kasiske BL, Vazquez MA, Harmon WE et al. Recommendations for the outpatient surveillance of renal transplant recipients. American Society of Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000 11 (Suppl 15 S1 S86.
53. Lyerova L, Lacha J, Skibova J, Teplan V, Vitko S, Schuck O. Urinary tract infection in patients with urological complications after renal transplantation with respect to long-term function and allograft survival. Ann Transplant 2001 6 : 19 20.
54. Dantas SR, Kuboyama RH, Mazzali M, Moretti ML. Nosocomial infections in renal transplant patients: Risk factors and treatment implications associated with urinary tract and surgical site infections. J Hosp Infect 2006 63 : 117 123.
55. Hibberd PL, Tolkoff-Rubin NE, Doran M et al. Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole compared with ciprofloxacin for the prevention of urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Online J Curr Clin Trials 1992 Doc No 15.
56. Di CP, Orlando G, Mazzotta C et al. Incidence of urinary tract infections caused by germs resistant to antibiotics commonly used after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2008 40 : 1881 1884.
57. Lapchik MS, Castelo FA, Pestana JO, Silva Filho AP, Wey SB. Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract and postoperative wound infections in renal transplant patients: A matched-pair case-control study. J Urol 1992 147 : 994 998.