Narrow intra-individual variation of maternal thyroid function in pregnancy based on a longitudinal study on 132 women

European Journal of Endocrinology

Volumn 161, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 903-910

  Boas, Malene ^a   Forman, Julie Lyng ^b   Juul, Anders ^a   Feldt Rasmussen, Ulla ^a   Skakkebæk, Niels Erik ^a   Hilsted, Linda ^a   Chellakooty, Marla ^a   Larsen, Torben ^c,d   Larsen, Jørgen Falck ^d   Petersen, Jørgen H ^a,b   Main, Katharina M ^a  

^a Rigshospitalet   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^c HOLBÆK HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^d GENTOFTE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; LIOTHYRONINE; THYROGLOBULIN; THYROID HORMONE; THYROID PEROXIDASE; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMAN; LIOTHYRONINE BLOOD LEVEL; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; PREDICTION; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKING; THYROID FUNCTION; THYROTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; THYROXINE BLOOD LEVEL; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION;

ADULT; BODY HEIGHT; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MIDDLE AGED; PREGNANCY; REFERENCE VALUES; THYROID GLAND; THYROXINE; TRIIODOTHYRONINE;

EID: 72949084409     PISSN: 08044643     EISSN: 1479683X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1530/EJE-09-0579     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Vulsma T, Gons MH & de Vijlder JJ. Maternal-fetal transfer of thyroxine in congenital hypothyroidism due to a total organification defect or thyroid agenesis. New England Journal of Medicine 1989 321 13-16.
2. Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, Williams JR, Knight GJ, Gagnon J, O'Heir CE, Mitchell ML, Hermos RJ,Waisbren SE, Faix JD & Klein RZ. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. New England Journal of Medicine 1999 341 549-555.
3. Pop VJ, Brouwers EP, Vader HL, Vulsma T, van Baar AL & de Vijlder JJ. Maternal hypothyroxinaemia during early pregnancy and subsequent child development: a 3-year follow-up study. Clinical Endocrinology 2003 59 282-288.
4. Berbel P, Mestre JL, Santamaria A, Palazon I, Franco A, Graells M, Gonzalez-Torga A & de Escobar GM. Delayed neurobehavioral development in children born to pregnant women with mild hypothyroxinemia during the firstmonth of gestation: the importance of early iodine supplementation. Thyroid 2009 19 511-519.
5. Soldin OP, Soldin D & Sastoque M. Gestation-specific thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone levels in the United States and worldwide. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 2007 29 553-559.
6. Stricker R, Echenard M, Eberhart R, Chevailler MC, Perez V, Quinn FA & Stricker R. Evaluation of maternal thyroid function during pregnancy: the importance of using gestational age-specific reference intervals. European Journal of Endocrinology 2007 157 509-514.
7. La'ulu SL & Roberts WL. Second-trimester reference intervals for thyroid tests: the role of ethnicity. Clinical Chemistry 2007 53 1658-1664.
8. Baloch Z, Carayon P, Conte-Devolx B, Demers LM, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Henry JF, LiVosli VA, Niccoli-Sire P, John R, Ruf J, Smyth PP, Spencer CA, Stockigt JR & Guidelines Committee, National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry. Laboratory medicine practice guidelines. Laboratory support for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease. Thyroid 2003 13 3-126.
9. Chellakooty M, Vangsgaard K, Larsen T, Scheike T, Falck-Larsen J, Legarth J, Andersson AM, Main KM, Skakkebaek NE & Juul A. A longitudinal study of intrauterine growth and the placental growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor I axis in maternal circulation: association between placental GH and fetal growth. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004 89 384-391.
10. Harrell Frank E. Regression Modeling Strategies - with Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001.
11. R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2008.
12. Jose Pinheiro, Douglas Bates, Saikat DebRoy & Deepayan Sarkar, the R Core Team. nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1-90, 2008.
13. Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hyltoft PP, Blaabjerg O & Horder M. Long-term variability in serum thyroglobulin and thyroid related hormones in healthy subjects. Acta Endocrinologica 1980 95 328-334.
14. Andersen S, Pedersen KM, Bruun NH & Laurberg P. Narrow individual variations in serum T(4) and T(3) in normal subjects: a clue to the understanding of subclinical thyroid disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002 87 1068-1072.
15. Haddow JE, Knight GJ, Palomaki GE, McClain MR & Pulkkinen AJ. The reference range and within-person variability of thyroid stimulating hormone during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Journal of Medical Screening 2004 11 170-174.
16. Knudsen N, Laurberg P, Rasmussen LB, Bulow I, Perrild H, Ovesen L & Jorgensen T. Small differences in thyroid function may Be important for body mass index and the occurrence of obesity in the population. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 4019-4024.
17. Nyrnes A, Jorde R & Sundsfjord J. SerumTSH is positively associated with BMI. International Journal of Obesity 2006 30 100-105.
18. Fox CS, Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB, Murabito JM, Seely EW, Pearce EN & Vasan RS. Relations of thyroid function to body weight: cross-sectional and longitudinal observations in a community-based sample. Archives of Internal Medicine 2008 168 587-592.
19. 4 concentration and body mass index in euthyroid subjects: differences between smokers and nonsmokers. Clinical Endocrinology 2008 69 648-652.
20. Jorde R & Sundsfjord J. Serum TSH levels in smokers and nonsmokers. The 5th Tromso study. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes 2006 114 343-347.
21. Knudsen N, Bulow I, Laurberg P, Perrild H, Ovesen L & Jorgensen T. High occurrence of thyroid multinodularity and low occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism among tobacco smokers in a large population study. Journal of Endocrinology 2002 175 571-576.
22. Belin RM, Astor BC, Powe NR & Ladenson PW. Smoke exposure is associated with a lower prevalence of serum thyroid autoantibodies and thyrotropin concentration elevation and a higher prevalence of mild thyrotropin concentration suppression in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004 89 6077-6086.
23. Asvold BO, Bjoro T, Nilsen TI & Vatten LJ. Tobacco smoking and thyroid function: a population-based study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2007 167 1428-1432.
24. McDonald SD, Walker MC, Ohlsson A, Murphy KE, Beyene J & Perkins SL. The effect of tobacco exposure on maternal and fetal thyroid function. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology 2008 140 38-42.
25. Shields B, Hill A, Bilous M, Knight B, Hattersley AT, Bilous RW & Vaidya B. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with alterations in maternal and fetal thyroid function. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2009 94 570-574.
26. Pearce EN, Oken E, Gillman MW, Lee SL, Magnani B, Platek D & Braverman LE. Association of first-trimester thyroid function test values with thyroperoxidase antibody status, smoking, and multivitamin use. Endocrine Practice 2008 14 33-39.
27. Bernstein L, Pike MC, Lobo RA, Depue RH, Ross RK & Henderson BE. Cigarette smoking in pregnancy results in marked decrease in maternal hCG and oestradiol levels. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1989 96 92-96.
28. Vejbjerg P, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Carle A, Laurberg P, Pedersen IB, Rasmussen LB, Ovesen L & Jorgensen T. Effect of a mandatory iodization program on thyroid gland volume based on individuals' age, gender, and preceding severity of dietary iodine deficiency: a prospective, population-based study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2007 92 1397-1401.
29. Vejbjerg P, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Laurberg P, Carle A, Pedersen I, Rasmussen L, Ovesen L & Jorgensen T. Thyroglobulin as a marker of iodine nutrition status in the general population. European Journal of Endocrinology 2009 23 265-271.
30. Cotzias C, Wong SJ, Taylor E, Seed P & Girling J. A study to establish gestation-specific reference intervals for thyroid function tests in normal singleton pregnancy. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology 2008 137 61-66.
31. Soldin OP, Tractenberg RE, Hollowell JG, Jonklaas J, Janicic N & Soldin SJ. Trimester-specific changes in maternal thyroid hormone, thyrotropin, and thyroglobulin concentrations during gestation: trends and associations across trimesters in iodine sufficiency. Thyroid 2004 14 1084-1090.
32. Panesar NS, Li CY & Rogers MS. Reference intervals for thyroid hormones in pregnant Chinese women. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 2001 38 329-332.
33. Dashe JS, Casey BM, Wells CE, McIntire DD, Byrd EW, Leveno KJ & Cunningham FG. Thyroid-stimulating hormone in singleton and twin pregnancy: importance of gestational age-specific reference ranges. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005 106 753-757.
34. Jensen E, Hyltoft PP, Blaabjerg O, Hansen PS, Brix TH, Kyvik KO & Hegedus L. Establishment of a serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) reference interval in healthy adults. The importance of environmental factors, including thyroid antibodies. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 2004 42 824-832.
35. Walker JA, Illions EH, Huddleston JF & Smallridge RC. Racial comparisons of thyroid function and autoimmunity during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005 106 1365-1371.
36. Springer D, Zima T & Limanova Z. Reference intervals in evaluation of maternal thyroid function during the first trimester of pregnancy. European Journal of Endocrinology 2009 160 791-797.
37. Marwaha RK, Chopra S, Gopalakrishnan S, Sharma B, Kanwar RS, Sastry A & Singh S. Establishment of reference range for thyroid hormones in normal pregnant Indian women. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2008 115 602-606.
38. Spencer CA, Takeuchi M, Kazarosyan M, MacKenzie F, Beckett GJ & Wilkinson E. Interlaboratory/intermethod differences in functional sensitivity of immunometric assays of thyrotropin (TSH) and impact on reliability of measurement of subnormal concentrations of TSH. Clinical Chemistry 1995 41 367-374.
39. Mandel SJ, Spencer CA & Hollowell JG. Are detection and treatment of thyroid insufficiency in pregnancy feasible? Thyroid 2005 15 44-53.
40. Glinoer D, de Nayer P, Bourdoux P, Lemone M, Robyn C, van Steirteghem A, Kinthaert J & Lejeune B. Regulation of maternal thyroid during pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1990 71 276-287.
41. Pedersen KM, Laurberg P, Iversen E, Knudsen PR, Gregersen HE, Rasmussen OS, Larsen KR, Eriksen GM & Johannesen PL. Amelioration of some pregnancy-associated variations in thyroid function by iodine supplementation. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1993 77 1078-1083.
42. Friis-Hansen L & Hilsted L. Reference intervals for thyreotropin and thyroid hormones for healthy adults based on the NOBIDA material and determined using a Modular E170((R)). Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 2008 46 1305-1312.
43. Glinoer D. The regulation of thyroid function in pregnancy: pathways of endocrine adaptation from physiology to pathology. Endocrine Reviews 1997 18 404-433.