Measurements of the wall shear stress distribution in the outflow tract of an embryonic chicken heart

Journal of the Royal Society Interface

Volumn 7, Issue 42, 2009, Pages 91-103

  Poelma, C ^a   Van Der Heiden, K ^b   Hierck, B P ^c   Poelmann, R E ^c   Westerweel, J ^a  

^a DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

In vivo measurement; Physiology; Scanning micro particle image velocimetry; Wall shear stress

Indexed keywords

DATA PROCESSING; FLOW VISUALIZATION; LOCATION; MEATS; SCANNING; SHEAR STRESS; STRENGTH OF MATERIALS; STRESS CONCENTRATION; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; VELOCIMETERS; VELOCITY MEASUREMENT;

CARDIAC CYCLES; CHICKEN EMBRYO; IN VIVO MEASUREMENT; MICRO PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; MICROSCOPIC PARTICLE; POST PROCESSING; SPATIAL RESOLUTION; THREE DIMENSIONAL FLOW FIELD; THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; TISSUE INTERACTIONS; TWO-STEP PROCESS; VELOCITY GRADIENTS; WALL SHEAR STRESS;

THREE DIMENSIONAL;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CHICK EMBRYO; CHICKEN; EMBRYONAL TISSUE; EMBRYONIC HEART; HEART CYCLE; HEMODYNAMIC STRESS; NONHUMAN; PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; SHEAR STRESS;

EID: 72849150270     PISSN: 17425689     EISSN: 17425662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0063     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Adrian, R. J. 1991 Particle-imaging techniques for experimental fluid mechanics. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23, 261-304. (doi:10.1146/annurev.fl.23. 010191.001401)
2. Chien, S. 1970 Shear dependence of effective cell volume as a determinant of blood viscosity. Science 168, 977-979. (doi:10.1126/science.168.3934.977)
3. Chien, S. 2008 Effects of disturbed flow on endothelial cells. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 36, 554-562. (doi:10.1007/s10439-007-9426-3)
4. Davies, P. F. 1995 Flow-mediated endothelial mechanotransduction. Physiol. Rev. 75, 519-560.
5. Goldsmith, H. L., Cokelet, G. R. & Gaehtgens, P. 1989 Robin Fahraeus: evolution of his concepts in cardiovascular physiology. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 257, 1005-1015.
6. Groenendijk, B. C. W., Hierck, B. P., Vrolijk, J., Baiker, M., Pourquie, M. J. B. M., Gittenberger-de Groot, A. C. & Poelmann, R. E. 2005 Changes in shear stress-related gene expression after experimentally altered venous return in the chicken embryo. Circ. Res. 96, 1291-1298. (doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000171901. 40952.0d)
7. Groenendijk, B. C. W., van der Heiden, K., Hierck, B. P. & Poelmann, R. E. 2007 The role of shear stress on ET-1, KLF2, and NOS-3 expression in the developing cardiovascular system of chicken embryos in a venous ligation model. Physiology 22, 380. (doi:10.1152/physiol.00023.2007)
8. Hamburger, V. & Hamilton, H. L. 1951 A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. J. Morphol. 88, 49-92. (doi:10.1002/aja. 1001950404)
9. Hierck, B. P., van der Heiden, K., Poelma, C., Westerweel, J. & Poelmann, R. E. 2008a Fluid shear stress and inner curvature remodeling of the embryonic heart. Choosing the right lane! Sci. World J. 8, 212-222. (doi:10.1100/tsw.2008.42)
10. Hierck, B. P. et al. 2008b Primary cilia sensitize endothelial cells for fluid shear stress. Dev. Dyn. 237, 725. (doi:10.1002/dvdy.21472)
11. Hogers, B., de Ruiter, M. C., Grittenberger-de Groot, A. C. & Poelmann, R. E. 1997 Unilateral vitelline vein ligation alters intracardiac blood flow patterns and morphogenesis in the chick embryo. Circ. Res. 80, 473-481.
12. Hove, J. R., Koster, R. W., Forouhar, A. S., Acevedo-Bolton, G., Fraser, S. E. & Gharib, M. 2003 Intracardiac fluid forces are an essential epigenetic factor for embryonic cardiogenesis. Nature 421, 172-177. (doi:10.1038/nature01282) (Pubitemid 36090985)
13. Hu, N. & Clark, E. B. 1989 Hemodynamics of the stage 12 to stage 29 chick embryo. Circ. Res. 65, 1665-1670.
14. Ji, H. S., Lee, J. Y. & Lee, S. J. 2007 In-vitro study on the hemorheological characteristics of chicken blood in microcirculation. Korea-Australia Rheol. J. 19, 89-95.
15. Keane, R. D. & Adrian, R. J. 1992 Theory of cross-correlation analysis of PIV analysis. Appl. Sci. Res. 49, 191-215. (doi:10.1007/BF00384623)
16. Lee, J. Y., Ji, H. S. & Lee, S. J. 2007 Micro-PIV measurements of blood flow in extraembryonic blood vessels of chicken embryos. Physiol. Meas. 28, 1149-1162. (doi:10.1088/0967-3334/28/10/002)
17. Liu, A., Rugonyi, S., Pentecost, J. O. & Thornburg, K. L. 2007 Finite element modeling of blood flow-induced mechanical forces in the outflow tract of chick embryonic hearts. Comput. Struct. 85, 727-738. (doi:10.1016/j. compstruc.2007.01.014)
18. Long, D. S., Smith, M. L., Pries, A. R., Ley, K. & Damiano, E. R. 2004 Microviscometry reveals reduced blood viscosity and altered shear rate and shear stress profiles in microvessels after hemodilution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 10 060. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0402937101)
19. Männer, J. 2000 Cardiac looping in the chick embryo: a morphological review with special reference to terminological and biomechanical aspects of the looping process. Anat. Rec. 259, 248-262. (doi:10.1002/1097-0185(20000701) 259:3,248::AID-AR30.3.0.CO;2-K)
20. Meinhart, C. D., Wereley, S. T. & Santiago, J. G. 2000 A PIV algorithm for estimating time-averaged velocity fields. J. Fluids Eng. 122, 285-289.
21. Olsen, M. G. & Adrian, R. J. 2000 Out-of-focus effects on particle image visibility and correlation in microscopic particle image velocimetry. Exp. Fluids 29, 166-174. (doi:10.1007/s003480070018)
22. Poelma, C., Vennemann, P., Lindken, R. & Westerweel, J. 2008 In vivo blood flow and wall shear stress measurements in the vitelline network. Exp. Fluids 45, 703-713. (doi:10.1007/s00348-008-0476-6)
23. Poelmann, R. E., van der Heiden, K., Gittenberger-de Groot, A. & Hierck, B. P. 2008 Deciphering the endothelial shear stress sensor. Circulation 117, 1124. (doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.753889)
24. Pries, A. R., Secomb, T. W. & Gaehtgens, P. 2000 The endothelial surface layer. Pflügers Arch. 440, 653-666. (doi:10.1007/s004240000307)
25. Reitsma, S., Slaaf, D. W., Vink, H., van Zandvoort, M. A. M. J.& Oude Egbrink, M. G. A. 2007 The endothelial glycocalyx: composition, functions, and visualization. Pflügers Arch. 454, 345-359. (doi:10.1007/s00424-007-0212-8)
26. Reneman, R. S., Arts, T. & Hoeks, A. P. G. 2006 Wall shear stress: an important determinant of endothelial cell function and structure in the arterial system in vivo; discrepancies with theory. J. Vasc. Res. 43, 251-269. (doi:10.1159/000091648)
27. Robinson, O. & Rockwell, D. 1993 Construction of three-dimensional images of flow structure via particle tracking techniques. Exp. Fluids 14, 257-270. (doi:10.1007/BF00194017)
28. Rossi, M., Lindken, R., Hierck, B. P. & Westerweel, J. In press. Tapered microfluidic chip for the study of biochemical and mechanical response at subcellular level of endothelial cells to shear flow. Lab Chip. (doi:10.1039/B822270N)
29. Santiago, J. G., Wereley, S. T., Meinhart, C. D., Beebe, D. J. & Adrian, R. J. 1998 A particle image velocimetry system for microfluidics. Exp. Fluids 25, 316-319. (doi:10.1007/s003480050235)
30. Secomb, T. W., Hsu, R. & Pries, A. R. 2001 Effect of the endothelial surface layer on transmission of fluid shear stress to endothelial cells. Biorheology 38, 143-150. (Pubitemid 32568535)
31. Segré, G. & Silberberg, A. 1962 Behaviour of macroscopic rigid spheres in Poiseuille flow. Part 2. Experimental results and interpretation. J. Fluid Mech. 14, 136-157. (doi:10.1017/S0022112062001111)
32. Smith, M. L., Long, D. S., Damiano, E. R. & Ley, K. 2003 Near-wall μ-PIV reveals a hydrodynamically relevant endothelial surface layer in venules in vivo. Biophys. J. 85, 637-645. (doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74507-X) (Pubitemid 36753665)
33. Sugii, Y., Nishio, S. & Okamoto, K. 2002 In vivo PIV measurement of red blood cell velocity field in microvessels considering mesentery motion. Physiol. Meas. 23, 403-416. (doi:10.1088/0967-3334/23/2/315)
34. Topper, J. N. & Gimbrone Jr, M. A. 1999 Blood flow and vascular gene expression: fluid shear stress as a modulator of endothelial phenotype. Mol. Med. Today 5, 40-46. (doi:10.1016/S1357-4310(98)01372-0)
35. Vennemann, P. 2008 Particle image velocimetry for microscale blood flow measurements. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; available via repository. tudelft.nl.
36. Vennemann, P. et al. 2006 In vivo micro particle image velocimetry measurements of blood-plasma in the embryonic avian heart. J. Biomech. 39, 1191-1200. (doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.03.015)
37. Westerweel, J. 2000 Theoretical analysis of the measurement precision in particle image velocimetry. Exp. Fluids 29, 3-12. (doi:10.1007/s003480070002)
38. Westerweel, J. & Scarano, F. 2005 Universal outlier detection for PIV data. Exp. Fluids 39, 1096-1100. (doi:10.1007/s00348-005-0016-6) (Pubitemid 41690293)
39. Willert, C. E. 1997 Stereoscopic digital particle image velocimetry for application in wind tunnel flows. Meas. Sci. Technol. 8, 1465-1479. (doi:10.1088/0957-0233/8/12/010)