Perceived maternal control and responsiveness to distress as predictors of young adults' empathic responses

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 33-46

  Kanat Maymon, Michal ^a   Assor, Avi ^b  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

Author keywords

Empathy; Parental control; Parental responsiveness to child distress; Romantic relationships; Self determination theory

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CLASSIFICATION; COURTSHIP; EMPATHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; ISRAEL; MALE; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; MENTAL STRESS; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; PERCEPTION; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SELF DISCLOSURE; SEX RATIO; STUDENT;

ADULT; COURTSHIP; EMPATHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; ISRAEL; MALE; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONS; PARENTING; PERCEPTION; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; SELF DISCLOSURE; SEX DISTRIBUTION; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; STUDENTS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 72749117154     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: 15527433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167209347381     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Aiken, S.L., & West. S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Andrews, J.A., Foster, S.L., Capaldi, D., & Hops, H. (2000). Adolescent and family predictors of physical aggression, communication, and satisfaction in young adult couples: A prospective analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 195-208.
3. Assor, A., & Alfi, O. (1996, August). Identity formation and intimacy in young married couples: A differentiated dimensional approach. Paper presented at the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development, Quebec, Canada.
4. Assor, A., Cohen-Malayev, M., Kaplan, A., & Friedman, D. (2005). Choosing to stay religious in a modern world. In M. L. Maehr & S. Karabenick (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement: Vol. 14. Religion and motivation. (pp. 105-150). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
5. Assor, A., Kaplan, H., Kanat-Maymon, Y., & Roth G. (2005). Directly controlling teacher behaviors as predictors of poor motivation and engagement in girls and boys: The role of anger and anxiety. Learning and Instruction, 15, 397-413.
6. Assor, A., Kaplan, H., & Roth, G. (2002). Choice is good but relevance is excellent: Autonomy affecting teacher behaviors that predict students' engagement in learning. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 261-278.
7. Assor, A., & Roth, G. (2005). Conditional love as a socializing approach: Costs and alternatives. Scientific Annals of the Psychological Society of Northern Greece, 7, 17-34.
8. Assor, A., Roth, G., & Deci, E.L. (2004). The emotional costs of perceived parents' conditional regard: A self-determination theory analysis. Journal of Personality, 72, 47-89.
9. Assor, A., Roth, G., Israeli, M., Freed, A., Hargil, A., & Shienman, M. (2007, May). Parental and intra-personal determinants of the experience of conditional parental regard in adolescents. Paper presented in the international conference on self determination theory, Toronto, Canada.
10. Assor, A., & Tal, K. (2006, September). The harmful nature of positive parental conditional regard: Effects on self evaluations, self feelings and behavior. Paper presented at the International Conference on Motivation, Landau, Germany.
11. Aunola, K., & Nurmi, J.E. (2004). Maternal psychological control moderates the impact of affection on children's math performance. Developmental Psychology, 40, 965-978.
12. Aunola, K., & Nurmi, J.E. (2005). The role of parenting styles in children's problem behavior. Child Development, 76, 1144-1159.
13. Barber, B.K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67, 3296-3319.
14. Barber, B., Stolz, H., & Olsen, J. (2005). Parental support, psychological control and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, culture and method. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 70(Serial No. 282).
15. Batson, C. D. (1991). The altruism question: Toward a social-psychological answer. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
16. Baumrind, D. (1971). Harmonious parents and their preschool children. Developmental Psychology, 4, 99-102
17. Block, J. (1981). The Child-Rearing Practices Report (CRPR): A set of Q-items for the description of parental socialization attitudes and values. Unpublished manuscript, Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley.
18. Bugental, D.B. (2000). Acquisition of the algorithms of social life: A domain-based approach. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 187-219.
19. Campbell, L., & Kashy, D.A. (2002). Estimating actor, partner, and interaction effects for dyadic data using PROC MIXED and HLM: A user-friendly guide. Personal Relationships, 9, 327-342.
20. Collins, N.L., Guichard, A.C., Ford, M.B., & Feeney, B.C. (2006). Responding to need in intimate relationships: Normative processes and individual differences. In M. Mikulincer & G. S. Goodman (Eds.), Dynamics of romantic love: Attachment, caregiving, and sex (pp. 149-189). New York: Guilford.
21. Cournoyer, D.E., & Rohner, R.P. (1996). Reliability of retrospective reports of perceived maternal acceptance-rejection in childhood. Psychological Reports, 78, 147-150.
22. Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 487-496.
23. Davidov, M., & Grusec, J. (2006). Untangling the links of parental responsiveness to distress and warmth to child outcomes. Child Development, 77, 44-58.
24. Davis, M.H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113-126.
25. Davis, M.H. (1996). Empathy: A social psychological approach. Boulder, CO: Westview.
26. Davis, M.H., & Oathout, A. (1987). Maintenance of satisfaction in romantic relationships: Empathy and relational competence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 397-410.
27. Deci, E.L. (2006, May). The phenomenon of parental conditional regard and basic needs. Paper presented at the international research workshop on autonomy support and suppression in parenting and in education, Mitzpe Ramon, Israel.
28. Deci, E.L. (2007, March). Autonomy-supportive and controlling parenting in Jewish and Bedouin cultures. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Boston.
29. Deci, E.L., La Guardia, J.G., Moller, A.C., Scheiner, M.J., & Ryan, R.M. (2006). On the benefits of giving as well as receiving autonomy support: Mutuality in close friendships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 313-327.
30. Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
31. Ehrensaft, M.K., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Heyman, R.E., O'Leary, K.D., & Lawrence, E. (1999). Feeling controlled in marriage: A phenomenon specific to physically aggressive couples? Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 20-32.
32. Eisenberg N. (2000). Emotion, regulation, and moral development. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 665-697.
33. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R.A., & Spinrad, T.L. (2006). Prosocial development. In R. M. Lerner, N. Eisenberg, & W. Damon (Eds.). Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional and personality development (pp. 646-718). New York: Wiley.
34. Gagne, M. (2003). The role of autonomy support and autonomy orientation in prosocial behavior engagement. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 199-223.
35. Gray, M.R., & Steinberg, L. (1999). Unpacking authoritative parenting: Reassessing a multidimensional construct. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 574-587.
36. Grolnick, W.S., Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1997). Internalization within the family: The self-determination theory perspective. In J. E. Grusec & L. Kuczynski (Eds.), Parenting and children's internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 135-161). New York: Wiley.
37. Grolnick, W.S., & Ryan, R.M. (1989). Parent styles associated with children's self-regulation and competence in school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 143-154.
38. Hoffman, M.L. (2000). Empathy and moral development. New York: Cambridge University Press.
39. Kashy, D.A., & Kenny, D.A. (2000). The analysis of data from dyads and groups. In H. T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 451-477). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
40. Kim, S., II, & Rohner, R.P. (2003). Perceived parental acceptance and emotional empathy among university students in Korea. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 34, 723-735.
41. Kim, K.J., Conger, R.D., Lorenz, F.O., & Elder, G.H., Jr. (2001). Parent-adolescent reciprocity in negative affect and its relation to early adult social development. Developmental Psychology, 37, 775-790.
42. Knee, C.R., Lonsbary, C., Canevello, A., & Patrick, H. (2005). Self-determination and conflict in romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 997-1009.
43. La Guardia, J.G., & Patrick, H. (2008). Self-determination theory as a fundamental theory of close relationships. Canadian Psychology, 49, 201-209.
44. La Guardia, J.G., Ryan, R.M., Couchman, C.E., & Deci, E.L. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 367-384.
45. Levi-Tossman, I., Kaplan, A., & Assor, A. (2007). Academic goal orientations, multiple goal profiles, and friendship intimacy among early adolescents. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 32, 231-252.
46. Patrick, H., Knee, C.R., Canevello, A., & Lonsbary, C. (2007). The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 434-457.
47. Pettit, G.S., & Laird, R.D. (2002). Psychological control and monitoring in early adolescence: The role of parental involvement and earlier child adjustment. In B. K. Barber (Ed.), Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents (pp. 97-123). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
48. Reis, H.T., & Gable, S.L. (2003). Toward a positive psychology of relationships. In C. L. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: The positive person and the good life (pp. 129-159). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
49. Reis, H.T., & Patrick, B.P. (1996). Attachment and intimacy: Component processes. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 523-563). New York: Guilford.
50. Reis, H.T. & Shaver, P. (1988). Intimacy as interpersonal process. In S. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, relationships, and interventions (pp. 367-389). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
51. Roberts, W.L. (1999). The socialization of emotional expression: Relations with prosocial behaviour and competence in five samples. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 31, 72-85.
52. Roth, G. (2008). Perceived parental conditional regard and autonomy support as predictors of young adults' self- versus other-oriented prosocial helping. Journal of Personality, 76(3), 513-534.
53. Roth, G., Assor, A., Niemiec, P.C., Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2009). The negative consequences of parental conditional regard: A comparison of positive conditional regard, negative conditional regard, and autonomy support as parenting strategies. Developmental Psychology.
54. Ryan, R.M. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes. Journal of Personality, 63, 397-427.
55. Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
56. Schumacher, J., Hinz, A., & Brahler, E. (2002). The validity of retrospective reports: A comparison of the parental rearing behaviour recalled by young adults and their parents. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 23, 459-474.
57. Schwartz, J.C., Barton-Henry, M.L., & Pruzinsky, T. (1985). Assessing child-rearing behaviors: A comparison of ratings made by mother, father, child, and sibling on the CRPBI. Child Development, 56, 462-479.
58. Simons, R.L., Whitbeck, L.B., Conger, R.D., & Chyi-In, W. (1991). Intergenerational transmission of harsh parenting. Developmental Psychology, 27, 159-171.
59. Sobus, M.S. (1995). Mandating community service: Psychological implications of requiring prosocial behavior. Law and Psychology Review, 19, 153-182.
60. Soenens, B., Duriez, B., Vansteenkiste, M., & Goossens, L. (2007). The intergenerational transmission of empathy-related responding in adolescence: The role of maternal support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 299-311.
61. Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Duriez, B., Luytten, P., & Goossens, L. (2005). Psychological control and adjustment: The mediating role of maladaptive perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 487-498.
62. Soucy, N., & Larose, S. (2000). Attachment and control in family and mentoring contexts as determinants of adolescent adjustment to college. Journal of Family Psychology, 14,125-43.
63. Stukas, A.A., Snyder, M., & Clary, E.G. (1999). The effects of mandatory volunteerism on intentions to volunteer. Psychological Science, 10, 59-64.
64. Whitton, S.W., Waldinger, R.J., Schulz, M.S., Allen, J.P., Crowell, J.A., & Hauser, S.T. (2008). Prospective associations from family-of-origin interactions to adult marital interactions and relationship adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 274-286.
65. Winter, D.G. (1973). The power motive. New York: Free Press.
66. Zahn-Waxler, C., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1990). The origins of empathic concern. Motivation & Emotion, 14, 107-130.