Subjective effects of cannabis before the first psychotic episode

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 43, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1155-1162

  Peters, Bart D ^a   De Koning, Pelle ^a   Dingemans, Peter ^a   Becker, Hiske ^a   Linszen, Don H ^a   De Haan, Lieuwe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cannabis; Schizophrenia; Ultra high risk

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS;

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY HALLUCINATION; CONFUSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG USE; HELP SEEKING BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POPULATION; PSYCHOSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SOCIAL PROBLEM; VISUAL HALLUCINATION;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANXIETY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MARIJUANA SMOKING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PATIENT SELECTION; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC;

EID: 72749115201     PISSN: 00048674     EISSN: 14401614     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/00048670903179095     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Moore TH, Zammit S, Lingford-Hughes A. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 2007; 370:( 9584 ): 319-328 .
2. Brook D, Brook J, Zhang C, Cohen P, Whiteman M. Drug use and the risk of major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and substance use disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 1039-1044 .
3. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. The Christchurch Health and Development Study: review of findings on child and adolescent mental health. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2001; 35: 287-296 .
4. Pope HG, Jr Gruber AJ, Hudson JI, Cohane G, Huestis MA, Yurgelun-Todd D. Early onset cannabis use and cognitive deficits: what is the nature of the association? Drug Alcohol Depend 2003; 69: 303-310 .
5. O'Shea M, Singh ME, McGregor IS, Mallet PE. Chronic cannabinoid exposure produces lasting memory impairment and increased anxiety in adolescent but not adult rats. J Psychopharmacol 2004; 18: 502-508 .
6. Schneider M, Koch M. Chronic pubertal, but not adult chronic cannabinoid treatment impairs sensorimotor gating, recognition memory, and the performance in a progressive ratio task in adult rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28: 1760-1769 .
7. Lynskey MT, Coffey C, Degenhardt L, Carlin JB, Patton G. A longitudinal study of the effects of adolescent cannabis use on high school completion. Addiction 2003; 98: 685-692 .
8. Keshavan MS. Development, disease and degeneration in schizophrenia: a unitary pathophysiological model. J Psychiatr Res 1999; 33: 513-521 .
9. Schofield D, Tennant C, Nash L, et al. Reasons for cannabis use in psychosis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2006; 40: 570-574 .
10. Green B, Kavanagh DJ, Young RM. Reasons for cannabis use in men with and without psychosis. Drug Alcohol Rev 2004; 23: 445-453 .
11. Addington J, Duchak V. Reasons for substance use in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997; 96: 329-333 .
12. Baigent M, Holme G, Hafner RJ. Self reports of the interaction between substance abuse and schizophrenia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1995; 29: 69-74 .
13. Dixon L, Haas G, Weiden PJ, Sweeney J, Frances AJ. Drug abuse in schizophrenic patients: clinical correlates and reasons for use. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148: 224-230 .
14. Test MA, Wallisch LS, Allness DJ, Ripp K. Substance use in young adults with schizophrenic disorders. Schizophr Bull 1989; 15: 465-476 .
15. D'Souza DC, Abi-Saab WM, Madonick S, et al. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol effects in schizophrenia: implications for cognition, psychosis, and addiction. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 594-608 .
16. American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th edn. Washington DC : American Psychiatric Association , 1994 .
17. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. Classification of mental disorders . In: Kaplan HJ, Sadock BJ, eds. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 4th edn . Baltimore MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1985; 591-612 .
18. Klosterkötter J, Ruhrmann S, Schultze-Lutter F, e t al. The European Prediction of Psychosis Study (EPOS): integrating early recognition and intervention in Europe. World Psychiatry 2005; 4: 161-167 .
19. Klosterkotter J, Hellmich M, Steinmeyer EM, Schultze-Lutter F. Diagnosing schizophrenia in the initial prodromal phase. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 158-164 .
20. Boys A, Marsden J, Strang J. Understanding reasons for drug use amongst young people: a functional perspective. Health Educ Res 2001; 16: 457-469 .
21. Häfner H, Riecher-Rossler A, Hambrecht M, e t al. IRAOS: an instrument for the assessment of onset and early course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1992; 6: 209-223 .
22. Pope HGJr, Gruber AJ, Yurgelun-Todd D. The residual neuropsychological effects of cannabis: the current status of research. Drug Alcohol Depend 1995; 38: 25-34 .
23. Bovasso GB. Cannabis abuse as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 2033-2037 .
24. Musty RE, Kaback L. Relationships between motivation and depression in chronic marijuana users. Life Sci 1995; 56: 2151-2158.
25. Cannon TD, Cadenhead K, Cornblatt B, e t al. Prediction of psychosis in youth at high clinical risk: a multisite longitudinal study in North America. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008; 65: 28-37 .
26. Miller P, Lawrie SM, Hodges A, Clafferty R, Cosway R, Johnstone EC. Genetic liability, illicit drug use, life stress and psychotic symptoms: preliminary findings from the Edinburgh study of people at high risk for schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2001; 36: 338-342 .
27. Kristensen K, Cadenhead KS. Cannabis abuse and risk for psychosis in a prodromal sample. Psychiatry Res 2007; 151: 151-154 .
28. Phillips LJ, Curry C, Yung AR, Yuen HP, Adlard S, McGorry PD. Cannabis use is not associated with the development of psychosis in an 'ultra' high-risk group. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2002; 36: 800-806 .
29. Linszen D, van Amelsvoort T. Cannabis and psychosis: an update on course and biological plausible mechanisms. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2007; 20: 116-120 .
30. Voruganti LN, Slomka P, Zabel P, Mattar A, Awad AG. Cannabis induced dopamine release: an in-vivo SPECT study. Psychiatry Res 2001; 107: 173-177 .
31. Henquet C, Rosa A, Krabbendam L, et al. An experimental study of catechol-o-methyltransferase Val158Met moderation of delta- 9- tetrahydrocannabinol-induced effects on psychosis and cognition. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31: 2748-2757 .
32. Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Cannon M et al. Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene: longitudinal evidence of a gene X environment interaction. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1117-1127 .
33. Holden RJ, Pakula I. Marijuana, stress and suicide: a neuroimmunological explanation. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1998; 32: 465-466 .
34. Jentsch JD, Verrico CD, Le D, Roth RH. Repeated exposure to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol reduces prefrontal cortical dopamine metabolism in the rat. Neurosci Lett 1998; 246: 169-172 .
35. Verrico CD, Jentsch JD, Roth RH. Persistent and anatomically selective reduction in prefrontal cortical dopamine metabolism after repeated, intermittent cannabinoid administration to rats. Synapse 2003; 49: 61-66 .
36. Millan MJ, Lejeune F, Gobert A. Reciprocal autoreceptor and heteroreceptor control of serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmission in the frontal cortex: relevance to the actions of antidepressant agents. J Psychopharmacol 2000; 14: 114-138 .
37. Mangieri RA, Piomelli D. Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling and the pharmacotherapy of depression. Pharmacol Res 2007; 56: 360-366 .
38. Müller-Vahl KR, Emrich HM. Cannabis and schizophrenia: towards a cannabinoid hypothesis of schizophrenia. Expert Rev Neurother 2008; 8: 1037-1048 .
39. Weinberger DR. Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 660-669 .
40. Coulston CM, Perdices M, Tennant CC. The neuropsychological correlates of cannabis use in schizophrenia: lifetime abuse/ dependence, frequency of use, and recency of use. Schizophr Res 2007; 96: 169-184 .
41. Marco EM, Pérez-Alvarez L, Borcel E, e t al. Involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in behavioural effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP 55,940 in male rats. Behav Pharmacol 2004; 15: 21-27 .
42. Viveros MP, Marco EM, File SE. Endocannabinoid system and stress and anxiety responses. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005; 81: 331-342 .
43. Naidu PS, Varvel SA, Ahn K, Cravatt BF, Martin BR, Lichtman AH. Evaluation of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition in murine models of emotionality. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 192: 61-70 .
44. Arendt M, Rosenberg R, Fjordback L, e t al. Testing the selfmedication hypothesis of depression and aggression in cannabisdependent subjects. Psychol Med 2007; 37: 935-945 .
45. Bortolato M, Mangieri RA, Fu J, e t al. Antidepressant-like activity of the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 in a rat model of chronic mild stress. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 62: 1103-1110 .
46. Häfner H, Loffler W, Maurer K, Hambrecht M, van der Heiden W. Depression, negative symptoms, social stagnation and social decline in the early course of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999; 100: 105-118 .
47. Abi-Dargham A, Moore H. Prefrontal DA transmission at D1 receptors and the pathology of schizophrenia. Neuroscientist 2003; 9: 404-416.
48. Diana M, Melis M, Gessa GL. Increase in meso-prefrontal dopaminergic activity after stimulation of CB1 receptors by cannabinoids. Eur J Neurosci 1998; 10: 2825-2830 .
49. Martin G, Copeland J. The adolescent cannabis check-up: randomized trial of a brief intervention for young cannabis users. J Subst Abuse Treat 2008; 34: 407-414 .
50. Wolkind S, Coleman EZ. Adult psychiatric disorder and childhood experiences. The validity of retrospective data. Br J Psychiatry 1983; 143: 188-191.
51. Pope HG, Jr. Gruber AJ, Hudson JI, Huestis MA, Yurgelun-Todd D. Neuropsychological performance in long-term cannabis users. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 909-915 .