The role of human endogenous retroviruses in melanoma

British Journal of Dermatology

Volumn 161, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1225-1231

  Singh, S ^a,b   Kaye, S ^b   Gore, M E ^c   McClure, M O ^b   Bunker, C B ^a  

^a CHELSEA AND WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c ROYAL MARSDEN HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Human endogenous retrovirus; Melanoma

Indexed keywords

MESSENGER RNA; VIRUS RNA;

ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC SCREENING; HUMAN; HUMAN GENOME; IN VITRO STUDY; MELANOMA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS LIKE AGENT;

ANIMALS; ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, VIRAL; GENOME, HUMAN; GENOME, VIRAL; HUMANS; MELANOMA; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RNA, VIRAL; SKIN NEOPLASMS; VIRUS INTEGRATION;

EID: 72649097251     PISSN: 00070963     EISSN: 13652133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09415.x     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Rous P. A sarcoma of the fowl transmissible by an agent separable from the tumor cells. J Exp Med 1911 13 : 397 411.
2. Boccardo E, Villa LL. Viral origins of human cancer. Curr Med Chem 2007 14 : 2526 2539.
3. Carrillo-Infante C, Abbadessa G, Bagella L et al. Viral infections as a cause of cancer (review). Int J Oncol 2007 30 : 1521 1528.
4. Damania B. DNA tumor viruses and human cancer. Trends Microbiol 2007 15 : 38 44.
5. Parkin DM. The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002. Int J Cancer 2006 118 : 3030 3044.
6. Akgul B, Cooke JC, Storey A. HPV-associated skin disease. J Pathol 2006 208 : 165 175.
7. Molho-Pessach V, Lotem M. Viral carcinogenesis in skin cancer. Curr Probl Dermatol 2007 35 : 39 51.
8. Feng H, Shuda M, Chang Y et al. Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma. Science 2008 319 : 1096 1100.
9. Delehanty J. RNA tumor viruses: cancer's fifth column. 'RNA Tumor Viruses. The Molecular Biology of Tumor Viruses,' Robin W, Natalie T, Harold V, John C (eds). Cold Spring Harbor, New York : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Second Edition, 1982. Environ Mutagen 1983; 5: 637-40.
10. Taylor G. Molecular aspects of HTLV-I infection and adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. J Clin Pathol 2007 60 : 1392 1396.
11. Bannert N, Kurth R. Retroelements and the human genome: new perspectives on an old relation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004 101 (Suppl. 2 14572 14579.
12. Li WH, Gu Z, Wang H et al. Evolutionary analyses of the human genome. Nature 2001 409 : 847 849.
13. Bannert N, Kurth R. The evolutionary dynamics of human endogenous retroviral families. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2006 7 : 149 173.
14. Knerr I, Huppertz B, Weigel C et al. Endogenous retroviral syncytin: compilation of experimental research on syncytin and its possible role in normal and disturbed human placentogenesis. Mol Hum Reprod 2004 10 : 581 588.
15. Ryan FP. Human endogenous retroviruses in health and disease: a symbiotic perspective. J R Soc Med 2004 97 : 560 565.
16. Belshaw R, Dawson AL, Woolven-Allen J et al. Genomewide screening reveals high levels of insertional polymorphism in the human endogenous retrovirus family HERV-K(HML2): implications for present-day activity. J Virol 2005 79 : 12507 12514.
17. Tristem M. Identification and characterization of novel human endogenous retrovirus families by phylogenetic screening of the human genome mapping project database. J Virol 2000 74 : 3715 3730.
18. Löwer R, Löwer J, Kurth R. The viruses in all of us: characteristics and biological significance of human endogenous retrovirus sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996 93 : 5177 5184.
19. Tönjes RR, Löwer R, Boller K et al. HERV-K: the biologically most active human endogenous retrovirus family. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1996 13 (Suppl. 1 S261 7.
20. Mayer J, Sauter M, Rácz A et al. An almost-intact human endogenous retrovirus K on human chromosome 7. Nat Genet 1999 21 : 257 258.
21. Armbruester V, Sauter M, Krautkraemer E et al. A novel gene from the human endogenous retrovirus K expressed in transformed cells. Clin Cancer Res 2002 8 : 1800 1807.
22. Löwer R, Tönjes RR, Korbmacher C et al. Identification of a Rev-related protein by analysis of spliced transcripts of the human endogenous retroviruses HTDV/HERV-K. J Virol 1995 69 : 141 149.
23. Magin C, Löwer R, Löwer J. cORF and RcRE, the Rev/Rex and RRE/RxRE homologues of the human endogenous retrovirus family HTDV/HERV-K. J Virol 1999 73 : 9496 9507.
24. Turner G, Barbulescu M, Su M et al. Insertional polymorphisms of full-length endogenous retroviruses in humans. Curr Biol 2001 11 : 1531 1535.
25. Hughes JF, Coffin JM. Human endogenous retrovirus K solo-LTR formation and insertional polymorphisms: implications for human and viral evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004 101 : 1668 1672.
26. Macfarlane C, Simmonds P. Allelic variation of HERV-K(HML-2) endogenous retroviral elements in human populations. J Mol Evol 2004 59 : 642 656.
27. Moyes D, Griffiths DJ, Venables PJ. Insertional polymorphisms: a new lease of life for endogenous retroviruses in human disease. Trends Genet 2007 23 : 326 333.
28. Nelson PN, Carnegie PR, Martin J et al. Demystified. Human endogenous retroviruses. Mol Pathol 2003 56 : 11 18.
29. Voisset C, Weiss RA, Griffiths DJ. Human RNA 'rumor' viruses: the search for novel human retroviruses in chronic disease. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2008 72 : 157 196.
30. Perl A. Role of endogenous retroviruses in autoimmune diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2003 29 : 123 143, vii.
31. Rebora A. Human endogenous retroviruses and their possible impact on dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005 52 : E7.
32. Bessis D, Molès JP, Basset-Séguin N et al. Differential expression of a human endogenous retrovirus E transmembrane envelope glycoprotein in normal, psoriatic and atopic dermatitis human skin. Br J Dermatol 2004 151 : 737 745.
33. Molès JP, Hadi JC, Guilhou JJ. High prevalence of an IgG response against murine leukemia virus (MLV) in patients with psoriasis. Virus Res 2003 94 : 97 101.
34. Molès JP, Tesniere A, Guilhou JJ. A new endogenous retroviral sequence is expressed in skin of patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2005 153 : 83 9.
35. Molès JP, Tesniere A, Guilhou JJ. Reverse transcriptase activity in human normal and psoriatic skin samples. Br J Dermatol 2007 157 : 482 486.
36. Kempf W, Kadin ME, Dvorak AM et al. Endogenous retroviral elements, but not exogenous retroviruses, are detected in CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders of the skin. Carcinogenesis 2003 24 : 301 306.
37. Birkmayer GD, Balda BR, Miller F, Braun-Falco O. Virus-like particles in metastases of human malignant melanoma. Naturwissenschaften 1972 59 : 369 370.
38. Balda BR, Birkmayer GD. Further evidence for viral etiology of human melanoma. Naturwissenschaften 1973 60 : 304.
39. Birkmayer GD, Balda BR, Miller F. Oncorna-viral information in human melanoma. Eur J Cancer 1974 10 : 419 424.
40. Parsons PG, Goss P, Pope JH. Detection in human melanoma cell lines of particles with some properties in common with RNA tumour viruses. Int J Cancer 1974 13 : 606 618.
41. Balda BR, Hehlmann R, Cho JR, Spiegelman S. Oncornavirus-like particles in human skin cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1975 72 : 3697 3700.
42. Parsons PG, Klucis E, Goss PD et al. Oncornavirus-like particles in malignant melanoma and control biopsies. Int J Cancer 1976 18 : 757 763.
43. Hehlmann R, Balda BR, Spiegelman S. Murine and human melanomas containing a high molecular weight RNA associated with an RNA-instructed DNA polymerase. Int J Dermatol 1978 17 : 115 122.
44. Schiavetti F, Thonnard J, Colau D et al. A human endogenous retroviral sequence encoding an antigen recognized on melanoma by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Cancer Res 2002 62 : 5510 5516.
45. Muster T, Waltenberger A, Grassauer A et al. An endogenous retrovirus derived from human melanoma cells. Cancer Res 2003 63 : 8735 8741.
46. Büscher K, Trefzer U, Hofmann M et al. Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K in melanomas and melanoma cell lines. Cancer Res 2005 65 : 4172 4180.
47. Krone B, Kölmel KF, Henz BM, Grange JM. Protection against melanoma by vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and/or vaccinia: an epidemiology-based hypothesis on the nature of a melanoma risk factor and its immunological control. Eur J Cancer 2005 41 : 104 117.
48. Mangeney M, Pothlichet J, Renard M et al. Endogenous retrovirus expression is required for murine melanoma tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Res 2005 65 : 2588 2591.
49. Sciamanna I, Landriscina M, Pittoggi C et al. Inhibition of endogenous reverse transcriptase antagonizes human tumor growth. Oncogene 2005 24 : 3923 3931.
50. Büscher K, Hahn S, Hofmann M et al. Expression of the human endogenous retrovirus-K transmembrane envelope, Rec and Np9 proteins in melanomas and melanoma cell lines. Melanoma Res 2006 16 : 223 234.
51. Humer J, Waltenberger A, Grassauer A et al. Identification of a melanoma marker derived from melanoma-associated endogenous retroviruses. Cancer Res 2006 66 : 1658 1663.
52. Pothlichet J, Mangeney M, Heidmann T. Mobility and integration sites of a murine C57BL/6 melanoma endogenous retrovirus involved in tumor progression in vivo. Int J Cancer 2006 119 : 1869 1877.
53. Hirschl S, Schanab O, Seppele H et al. Sequence variability of retroviral particles derived from human melanoma cells melanoma-associated retrovirus. Virus Res 2007 123 : 211 215.
54. Hahn S, Ugurel S, Hanschmann KM et al. Serological response to human endogenous retrovirus K in melanoma patients correlates with survival probability. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008 24 : 717 723.
55. Burmeister T, Ebert AD, Pritze W et al. Insertional polymorphisms of endogenous HERV-K113 and HERV-K115 retroviruses in breast cancer patients and age-matched controls. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2004 20 : 1223 1229.
56. Moyes DL, Goris A, Ban M et al. HERV-K113 is not associated with multiple sclerosis in a large family-based study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008 24 : 363 365.
57. Otowa T, Tochigi M, Rogers M et al. Insertional polymorphism of endogenous retrovirus HERV-K115 in schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2006 408 : 226 229.
58. Herbst H, Sauter M, Kühler-Obbarius C et al. Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-K transcripts in germ cell and trophoblastic tumours. APMIS 1998 106 : 216 220.
59. Herbst H, Sauter M, Mueller-Lantzsch N. Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K elements in germ cell and trophoblastic tumors. Am J Pathol 1996 149 : 1727 1735.
60. Roelofs H, van Gurp RJ, Oosterhuis JW, Looijenga LH. Detection of human endogenous retrovirus type K-specific transcripts in testicular parenchyma and testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults: clinical and biological implications. Am J Pathol 1998 153 : 1277 1282.
61. Sauter M, Roemer K, Best B et al. Specificity of antibodies directed against Env protein of human endogenous retroviruses in patients with germ cell tumors. Cancer Res 1996 56 : 4362 4365.
62. Wang-Johanning F, Frost AR, Jian B et al. Quantitation of HERV-K env gene expression and splicing in human breast cancer. Oncogene 2003 22 : 1528 1535.
63. Wang-Johanning F, Frost AR, Johanning GL et al. Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K envelope transcripts in human breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2001 7 : 1553 1560. (Pubitemid 32708619)
64. Frank O, Verbeke C, Schwarz N et al. Variable transcriptional activity of endogenous retroviruses in human breast cancer. J Virol 2008 82 : 1808 1818.
65. Hu L, Hornung D, Kurek R et al. Expression of human endogenous gammaretroviral sequences in endometriosis and ovarian cancer. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2006 22 : 551 557.
66. Wang-Johanning F, Liu J, Rycaj K et al. Expression of multiple human endogenous retrovirus surface envelope proteins in ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2007 120 : 81 90.
67. Boese A, Sauter M, Galli U et al. Human endogenous retrovirus protein cORF supports cell transformation and associates with the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein. Oncogene 2000 19 : 4328 4336.
68. Denne M, Sauter M, Armbruester V et al. Physical and functional interactions of human endogenous retrovirus proteins Np9 and rec with the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein. J Virol 2007 81 : 5607 5616.
69. Galli UM, Sauter M, Lecher B et al. Human endogenous retrovirus rec interferes with germ cell development in mice and may cause carcinoma in situ, the predecessor lesion of germ cell tumors. Oncogene 2005 24 : 3223 3228.
70. Epstein WL, Fukuyama K. Light and electron microscopic studies of a transplantable melanoma associated with virus-like particles. Cancer Res 1970 30 : 1241 1247.
71. Pfahlberg A, Kölmel KF, Grange JM et al. Inverse association between melanoma and previous vaccinations against tuberculosis and smallpox: results of the FEBIM study. J Invest Dermatol 2002 119 : 570 575.
72. Dunn GP, Bruce AT, Ikeda H et al. Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape. Nat Immunol 2002 3 : 991 998.
73. Garcia-Lora A, Algarra I, Garrido F. MHC class I antigens, immune surveillance, and tumor immune escape. J Cell Physiol 2003 195 : 346 355.
74. Li M, Huang X, Zhu Z, Gorelik E. Sequence and insertion sites of murine melanoma-associated retrovirus. J Virol 1999 73 : 9178 9186.
75. Mangeney M, de Parseval N, Thomas G et al. The full-length envelope of an HERV-H human endogenous retrovirus has immunosuppressive properties. J Gen Virol 2001 82 : 2515 2518.
76. Kleiman A, Senyuta N, Tryakin A et al. HERV-K(HML-2) GAG/ENV antibodies as indicator for therapy effect in patients with germ cell tumors. Int J Cancer 2004 110 : 459 461.
77. Sauter M, Schommer S, Kremmer E et al. Human endogenous retrovirus K10: expression of Gag protein and detection of antibodies in patients with seminomas. J Virol 1995 69 : 414 421.
78. Oricchio E, Sciamanna I, Beraldi R et al. Distinct roles for LINE-1 and HERV-K retroelements in cell proliferation, differentiation and tumor progression. Oncogene 2007 26 : 4226 4233.
79. Haqq C, Nosrati M, Sudilovsky D et al. The gene expression signatures of melanoma progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 102 : 6092 6097.
80. Fecher LA, Cummings SD, Keefe MJ, Alani RM. Toward a molecular classification of melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2007 25 : 1606 1620.
81. Curtin JA, Fridlyand J, Kageshita T et al. Distinct sets of genetic alterations in melanoma. N Engl J Med 2005 353 : 2135 2147.
82. Butel JS. Viral carcinogenesis: revelation of molecular mechanisms and etiology of human disease. Carcinogenesis 2000 21 : 405 426.