메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 135-157

Limited expertise and experts: Problems with the continued use of future dangerousness in capital sentencing

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 72449131413     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-84845-7_6     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (10)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 84892050287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychological Association, Case No. 04-50393 (5th circuit)
    • American Psychological Association, (2005). Brief of amicus curiae in United States v. Fields. Case No. 04-50393 (5th circuit).
    • (2005) Brief of Amicus Curiae in United States v. Fields
  • 2
    • 84892087749 scopus 로고
    • American Psychological Association,. Case No. 82-6080 (Texas Court of Criminal Appeals)
    • American Psychological Association, (1983). Brief of amicus curiae in Barefoot v. Estelle. Case No. 82-6080 (Texas Court of Criminal Appeals).
    • (1983) Brief of Amicus Curiae in Barefoot v. Estelle
  • 4
    • 84892111110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002)
    • Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002).
  • 5
    • 84900741796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death Penalty Information Center. last visited 9/26/07
    • Babcock, S. (2006). Death row conditions. Death Penalty Information Center. http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.php?&did=1397. last visited 9/26/07.
    • (2006) Death Row Conditions
    • Babcock, S.1
  • 6
    • 84892002377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barefoot v. Estelle, No. 82-6080, 463 U.S.880 (S.Ct. 1983)
    • Barefoot v. Estelle, No. 82-6080, 463 U.S.880 (S.Ct. 1983).
  • 7
    • 33646506953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epistemology of prediction: Future dangerousness testimony and intellectual due process
    • Beecher-Monas, E. (2003). The epistemology of prediction: Future dangerousness testimony and intellectual due process. Washington and Lee Law Review, 60(2), 353-416.
    • (2003) Washington and Lee Law Review , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 353-416
    • Beecher-Monas, E.1
  • 8
    • 33749524461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The daubert trilogy in the states
    • Bernstein, D., & Jackson, H. (2004). The Daubert trilogy in the states. Jurimetrics, 44, 1-16.
    • (2004) Jurimetrics , vol.44 , pp. 1-16
    • Bernstein, D.1    Jackson, H.2
  • 9
    • 0345818401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future dangerousness in capital cases: Always at issue
    • Blume, J., Garvey, S., & Johnson, S. (2001). Future dangerousness in capital cases: Always "At Issue". Cornell Law Review, 86, 397-410.
    • (2001) Cornell Law Review , vol.86 , pp. 397-410
    • Blume, J.1    Garvey, S.2    Johnson, S.3
  • 10
    • 84937188779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death by default: An empirical demonstration of false and forced choices in capital sentencing
    • Bowers, W. J. & Steiner, B. D. (1999). Death by default: An empirical demonstration of false and forced choices in capital sentencing. Texas Law Review, 43, 605-717.
    • (1999) Texas Law Review , vol.43 , pp. 605-717
    • Bowers, W.J.1    Steiner, B.D.2
  • 11
    • 0028219275 scopus 로고
    • Life or death decisions: An analysis of capital jury decision making under the special issues sentencing framework
    • Costanzo, S., & Constanzo, M. (1994). Life or death decisions: An analysis of capital jury decision making under the special issues sentencing framework. Law and Human Behavior, 18, 151-170.
    • (1994) Law and Human Behavior , vol.18 , pp. 151-170
    • Costanzo, S.1    Constanzo, M.2
  • 12
    • 33751214802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dangerousness and death: A nexus in search of science and reason
    • Cunningham, M. D. (2006). Dangerousness and death: A nexus in search of science and reason. American Psychologist, 61, 828-839.
    • (2006) American Psychologist , vol.61 , pp. 828-839
    • Cunningham, M.D.1
  • 13
    • 0031947263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating base rate data in violence risk assessment at capital sentencing
    • Cunningham, M. D., & Reidy, T. J. (1998). Integrating base rate data in violence risk assessment at capital sentencing. Behavioral Science and the Law, 16, 71-83.
    • (1998) Behavioral Science and the Law , vol.16 , pp. 71-83
    • Cunningham, M.D.1    Reidy, T.J.2
  • 14
    • 20844451227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An actuarial model for assessment of prison violence risk among maximum security inmates
    • Cunningham, M.D., Sorensen, J.R., & Reidy, T.J. (2005). An actuarial model for assessment of prison violence risk among maximum security inmates. Assessment, 12, 40-49.
    • (2005) Assessment , vol.12 , pp. 40-49
    • Cunningham, M.D.1    Sorensen, J.R.2    Reidy, T.J.3
  • 15
    • 84892081820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579 (S.Ct.1993)
    • Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579 (S.Ct.1993).
  • 16
    • 84859293627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death Penalty Information Center. last visited 9/21/07
    • Death Penalty Information Center (2007). Facts about the death penalty. http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org. last visited 9/21/07.
    • (2007) Facts about the Death Penalty
  • 17
    • 0028438275 scopus 로고
    • Conflict between intuitive and rational processing: When people behave against their better judgments
    • Denes-Raj, V., & Epstein, S. (1994). Conflict between intuitive and rational processing: When people behave against their better judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 819-829.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 819-829
    • Denes-Raj, V.1    Epstein, S.2
  • 18
    • 33747079498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role and relevance of the psychopathy checklist revised in court: A case law survey of u.s. Courts (1991-2004)
    • DeMatteo, D., & Edens, J.F. (2006). The role and relevance of the psychopathy checklist revised in court: A case law survey of U.S. courts (1991-2004). Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 12(2), 214-241.
    • (2006) Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 214-241
    • DeMatteo, D.1    Edens, J.F.2
  • 19
    • 0030615338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The difficulty of the linda conjunction problem can be attributed to its simultaneous concrete and unnatural representation, and not to conversational implicature
    • Donovan, S., & Epstein, S. (1997) The difficulty of the Linda conjunction problem can be attributed to its simultaneous concrete and unnatural representation, and not to conversational implicature. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 1-20.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 1-20
    • Donovan, S.1    Epstein, S.2
  • 21
    • 68049084266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The danger of dangerousness in capital sentencing: Exacerbating the problem of arbitrary and capricious decision-making
    • Dorland, M., & Krauss, D. (2005). The danger of dangerousness in capital sentencing: Exacerbating the problem of arbitrary and capricious decision-making. Law and Psychology Review, 29, 63-104.
    • (2005) Law and Psychology Review , vol.29 , pp. 63-104
    • Dorland, M.1    Krauss, D.2
  • 22
    • 0032743929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing risk for violence among psychiatric patients: The hcr-20 violence risk assessment scheme and the psychopathic checklist: Screening version
    • Douglas, K., Ogloff, J., Nicholls, T., & Grant, I. (1999). Assessing risk for violence among psychiatric patients: The HCR-20 violence risk assessment scheme and the Psychopathic Checklist: Screening Version. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 917-930.
    • (1999) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 917-930
    • Douglas, K.1    Ogloff, J.2    Nicholls, T.3    Grant, I.4
  • 23
    • 22444454098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hcr-20 violence risk assessment scheme: Concurrent validity in a sample of incarcerated offenders
    • Douglas, K., & Webster, C. (1999). The HCR-20 violence risk assessment scheme: Concurrent validity in a sample of incarcerated offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 26, 3-19.
    • (1999) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.26 , pp. 3-19
    • Douglas, K.1    Webster, C.2
  • 24
    • 18444416810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictions of future dangerousness in capital murder trials: Is it time to "disinvent the wheel?
    • Edens, J., Buffington-Vollum, J., Keilin, A., Roskamp, P., & Anthony, C. (2005). Predictions of future dangerousness in capital murder trials: is it time to "disinvent the wheel?" Law and Human Behavior, 29, 55-87.
    • (2005) Law and Human Behavior , vol.29 , pp. 55-87
    • Edens, J.1    Buffington-Vollum, J.2    Keilin, A.3    Roskamp, P.4    Anthony, C.5
  • 25
    • 0028489329 scopus 로고
    • Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious
    • Epstein, S. (1994). Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious. American Psychologist, 49, 709-724.
    • (1994) American Psychologist , vol.49 , pp. 709-724
    • Epstein, S.1
  • 26
    • 0002178179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some basic issues regarding dual-process theories from the perspective of cognitive-experiential self-theory
    • S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), New York: The Guilford Press
    • Epstein, S., & Pacini, R. (1999). Some basic issues regarding dual-process theories from the perspective of cognitive-experiential self-theory. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.) Dual process theories in social psychology (pp. 462-483). New York: The Guilford Press.
    • (1999) Dual Process Theories in Social Psychology , pp. 462-483
    • Epstein, S.1    Pacini, R.2
  • 28
    • 84891988876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972)
    • Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972).
  • 30
    • 84892084571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General Electric v. Joiner 522 U.S. 136 (S.Ct. 1996)
    • General Electric v. Joiner 522 U.S. 136 (S.Ct. 1996).
  • 31
    • 0000333672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficiency of informal (subjective, impressionistic) and formal (mechanical, algorithmic) prediction procedures: The clinical-statistical controversy
    • Grove, W., & Meehl, P. (1996). Comparative efficiency of informal (subjective, impressionistic) and formal (mechanical, algorithmic) prediction procedures: The clinical-statistical controversy. Psychology, Public Policy, & Law, 2, 293-323.
    • (1996) Psychology, Public Policy, & Law , vol.2 , pp. 293-323
    • Grove, W.1    Meehl, P.2
  • 32
    • 0037248849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juror decision-making in a mock sexually violent predator trial: Gender differences in the impact of divergent types of expert testimony
    • Guy, L., & Edens, J. (2003). Juror decision-making in a mock sexually violent predator trial: Gender differences in the impact of divergent types of expert testimony. Behavioral Science and the Law, 21, 215-237.
    • (2003) Behavioral Science and the Law , vol.21 , pp. 215-237
    • Guy, L.1    Edens, J.2
  • 33
    • 34248149030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precision of actuarial risk assessment instruments: Evaluating the "margins of error" of group v. Individual predictions of violence
    • Hart, S.D., Michie, C., & Cook, D.J. (2007). Precision of actuarial risk assessment instruments: Evaluating the "margins of error" of group v. individual predictions of violence. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 60-65.
    • (2007) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.190 , pp. 60-65
    • Hart, S.D.1    Michie, C.2    Cook, D.J.3
  • 34
    • 36248932019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing the value of actuarial violence risk assessment
    • Harris, G.T., & Rice, M.E. (2007). Characterizing the value of actuarial violence risk assessment. Criminal Justice and Behavior.
    • (2007) Criminal Justice and Behavior
    • Harris, G.T.1    Rice, M.E.2
  • 35
    • 0036676418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective replication of the violence risk appraisal guide in predicting violent recidivism among forensic patients
    • Harris, G., Rice, M., & Cormier, C. (2002). Prospective replication of the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide in predicting violent recidivism among forensic patients. Law & Human Behavior, 26, 377-394.
    • (2002) Law & Human Behavior , vol.26 , pp. 377-394
    • Harris, G.1    Rice, M.2    Cormier, C.3
  • 36
    • 84892015794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jurek v. Texas, 428 U.S. 262 (1976)
    • Jurek v. Texas, 428 U.S. 262 (1976).
  • 37
    • 84892056439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 S.Ct. 2072 (1997)
    • Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 S.Ct. 2072 (1997).
  • 38
    • 84892139309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kansas v. Crane 534 U.S. 407 (S.Ct. 2002)
    • Kansas v. Crane 534 U.S. 407 (S.Ct. 2002).
  • 39
    • 11144219790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjusting risk of recidivism: Do judicial departures worsen or improve recidivism prediction under the federal sentencing guidelines?
    • Krauss, D. (2004). Adjusting risk of recidivism: Do judicial departures worsen or improve recidivism prediction under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines? Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 6, 731-750.
    • (2004) Behavioral Sciences and the Law , vol.6 , pp. 731-750
    • Krauss, D.1
  • 40
    • 84892076690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The admissibility of expert testimony in the united states, the commonwealth and elsewhere
    • (in press). In D. Krauss, & J. Lieberman (Vol. Eds.), (D. caner series Ed.) Aldershot: Ashgate
    • Krauss, D., Cassar, D., & Strother, A. (in press). The admissibility of expert testimony in the United States, the commonwealth and elsewhere. In D. Krauss, & J. Lieberman (Vol. Eds.), Expert testimony: Vol. II. A two volume edited work in the series: Psychology, Crime, & Law (D. caner series Ed.) Aldershot: Ashgate.
    • Expert Testimony: Vol. II. A Two Volume Edited Work in the Series: Psychology, Crime, & Law
    • Krauss, D.1    Cassar, D.2    Strother, A.3
  • 41
    • 0037361760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deliberating on dangerousness and death: Jurors' ability to differentiate between expert actuarial and clinical predictions of dangerousness
    • Krauss, D., & Lee, D. (2003). Deliberating on dangerousness and death: Jurors' ability to differentiate between expert actuarial and clinical predictions of dangerousness. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 26, 113-137.
    • (2003) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 113-137
    • Krauss, D.1    Lee, D.2
  • 42
    • 77950923262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert testimony on risk and future dangerousness
    • M. Costanzo, D. Krauss & K. Pezdek, (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Krauss, D., & Lieberman, J. (2007). Expert testimony on risk and future dangerousness. In M. Costanzo, D. Krauss & K. Pezdek, (Eds.), Expert testimony for the courts (pp. 227-250). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (2007) Expert Testimony for the Courts , pp. 227-250
    • Krauss, D.1    Lieberman, J.2
  • 43
    • 11144227751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of rational and experiential information processing of expert testimony in death penalty cases
    • Krauss, D. A., Lieberman J. D., & Olson, J. (2004). The effects of rational and experiential information processing of expert testimony in death penalty cases. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 801-822.
    • (2004) Behavioral Sciences and the Law , vol.22 , pp. 801-822
    • Lieberman, J.D.1    Krauss, D.A.2    Olson, J.3
  • 44
    • 0035594221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of clinical and scientific expert testimony on juror decision-making in capital sentencing
    • Krauss, D., & Sales, B. (2001). The effects of clinical and scientific expert testimony on juror decision-making in capital sentencing. Psychology, Public Policy, & Law, 7, 267-310.
    • (2001) Psychology, Public Policy, & Law , vol.7 , pp. 267-310
    • Krauss, D.1    Sales, B.2
  • 45
    • 84891980847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kumho Tire v. Carmichael 526 U.S. 137 (S.Ct.1999)
    • Kumho Tire v. Carmichael 526 U.S. 137 (S.Ct.1999).
  • 46
    • 34548228935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining dangerousness in sexually violent predator evaluations: Cognitive-experiential self-theory and juror judgments of expert testimony
    • Lieberman, J., Krauss, D., Kyger, M., & Lehoux, M. (2007). Determining dangerousness in Sexually Violent Predator evaluations: Cognitive-experiential self-theory and juror judgments of expert testimony. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 25, 507-526.
    • (2007) Behavioral Sciences and the Law , vol.25 , pp. 507-526
    • Lieberman, J.1    Krauss, D.2    Kyger, M.3    Lehoux, M.4
  • 47
    • 84935413627 scopus 로고
    • Gazing into the crystal ball: Can jurors actually predict dangerousness in capital cases?
    • Marquart, J., Ekland-Olson, S., & Sorensen J. (1989). Gazing into the crystal ball: Can jurors actually predict dangerousness in capital cases? Law & Society Review, 23, 449-468.
    • (1989) Law & Society Review , vol.23 , pp. 449-468
    • Sorensen, J.1    Marquart, J.2    Ekland-Olson, S.3
  • 48
    • 34548251903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving forensic tribunal decisions: The role of the clinician
    • McKee, S. A., Harris, G. T., & Rice, M. E. (2007). Improving forensic tribunal decisions: The role of the clinician. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 25, 485-506.
    • (2007) Behavioral Sciences and the Law , vol.25 , pp. 485-506
    • McKee, S.A.1    Harris, G.T.2    Rice, M.E.3
  • 49
    • 0032416967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between confidence and accuracy in clinical predictions of psychiatric patients' potential for violence
    • McNeil, D., Sanders, D., & Binder, R. (1998). The relationship between confidence and accuracy in clinical predictions of psychiatric patients' potential for violence. Law and Human Behavior, 25, 655-671.
    • (1998) Law and Human Behavior , vol.25 , pp. 655-671
    • McNeil, D.1    Sanders, D.2    Binder, R.3
  • 51
    • 1842589522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence risk assessment
    • I. B. Weiner (Series Ed.) & A. Goldstein (Vol. Ed.), Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
    • Monahan, J. (2003). Violence risk assessment. In I. B. Weiner (Series Ed.) & A. Goldstein (Vol. Ed.), The handbook of psychology: Vol. 11. forensic psychology (pp. 527-542). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    • (2003) The Handbook of Psychology: Vol. 11. Forensic Psychology , pp. 527-542
    • Monahan, J.1
  • 53
    • 0027994632 scopus 로고
    • Assessing predictions of violence: Being accurate about accuracy
    • Mossman, D. (1994). Assessing predictions of violence: Being accurate about accuracy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical, 62, 783-792.
    • (1994) Journal of Consulting and Clinical , vol.62 , pp. 783-792
    • Mossman, D.1
  • 54
    • 84892046896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nenno v. State, 970 SW.2d 544 (Tx Crim. A 1998)
    • Nenno v. State, 970 SW.2d 544 (Tx Crim. App. 1998).
  • 55
    • 84892104066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • O'Connor v. Donaldson, 422 U.S. 563 (S.Ct. 1975)
    • O'Connor v. Donaldson, 422 U.S. 563 (S.Ct. 1975).
  • 56
    • 84892107309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Panetti v. Quarterman, U.S. LEXIS 8667 (2007)
    • Panetti v. Quarterman, U.S. LEXIS 8667 (2007).
  • 57
    • 84892084472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penry v. Lynaugh, 492 U.S. 302 (1989)
    • Penry v. Lynaugh, 492 U.S. 302 (1989).
  • 58
    • 24044513101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From death to life: Prison behavior of former death row inmates in indiana
    • Reidy, T. J., Cunningham, M. D., & Sorenson, J. (2001). From death to life: Prison behavior of former death row inmates in Indiana. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28, 62-83.
    • (2001) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.28 , pp. 62-83
    • Reidy, T.J.1    Cunningham, M.D.2    Sorenson, J.3
  • 60
    • 84892133468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005)
    • Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005).
  • 61
    • 84874575549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science, experts, and law: Reflections on the past and future
    • M. Costanzo, Krauss, D. & K. Pezdek (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Sales, B., & Shuman, D. (2007). Science, experts, and law: Reflections on the past and future. In M. Costanzo, Krauss, D., & K. Pezdek (Eds.) Expert testimony for the courts (pp. 9-31). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (2007) Expert Testimony for the Courts , pp. 9-31
    • Sales, B.1    Shuman, D.2
  • 64
    • 0347053817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An actuarial risk assessment of violence posed by capital murder defendants
    • Sorensen, J.R., Pilgrim, R.L. (2001). An actuarial risk assessment of violence posed by capital murder defendants. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 90, 1251-1270.
    • (2001) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , vol.90 , pp. 1251-1270
    • Sorensen, J.R.1    Pilgrim, R.L.2
  • 65
    • 84892059453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Article 37.071, 2(b)(1)
    • Texas Criminal Code, Article 37.071, 2(b)(1) (2004).
    • (2004) Texas Criminal Code
  • 66
    • 0002931074 scopus 로고
    • Judgments of and by representativeness
    • D. Kahneman, P. Slovic & A. Tversky (Eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1982). Judgments of and by representativeness. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases (pp. 84-100). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1982) Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases , pp. 84-100
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 67
    • 84891976248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States v. Fields No 04-50393 483 F.3d 313 (5th Circuit)
    • United States v. Fields No 04-50393 483 F.3d 313 (5th Circuit).
  • 69
    • 0003438004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada: Simon Fraser University, Mental Health, Law, and Policy Institute
    • Webster, C., Douglas, K., Eaves, D., & Hart, S. (1997). HCR-20: Assessing risk for violence. Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada: Simon Fraser University, Mental Health, Law, and Policy Institute.
    • (1997) HCR-20: Assessing Risk for Violence
    • Webster, C.1    Douglas, K.2    Eaves, D.3    Hart, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.