Rate-dependent AV nodal refractoriness: A new functional framework based on concurrent effects of basic and pretest cycle length

American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Volumn 297, Issue 6, 2009, Pages

  Tadros, Rafik ^a   Billette, Jacques ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Atrioventricular node; Effective refractory period; Functional refractory period; Heart rate; Rate dependence

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; HEART ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE; HEART ATRIUM; HEART MUSCLE REFRACTORY PERIOD; HEART RATE; HIS BUNDLE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA;

ACTION POTENTIALS; ANIMALS; ATRIAL FUNCTION; ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE; BUNDLE OF HIS; CARDIAC PACING, ARTIFICIAL; PERFUSION; RABBITS; REFRACTORY PERIOD, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL; TACHYCARDIA, SUPRAVENTRICULAR; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 72249096885     PISSN: 03636135     EISSN: 15221539     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00712.2009     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Amellal F, Billette J. Selective functional properties of dual atrioventricular nodal inputs. Role in nodal conduction, refractoriness, summation, and rate-dependent function in rabbit heart. Circulation 94: 824-832, 1996. (Pubitemid 26289241)
2. Billette J. Preceding His-atrial interval as a determinant of atrioventricular nodal conduction time in the human and rabbit heart. Am J Cardiol 38: 889-896, 1976.
3. Billette J. Short time constant for rate-dependent changes of atrioventricular conduction in dogs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 241: H26-H33, 1981. (Pubitemid 11032639)
4. Billette J. Atrioventricular nodal activation during periodic premature stimulation of the atrium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 252: H163-H177, 1987.
5. Billette J. What is the atrioventricular node? Some clues in sorting out its structure-function relationship. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 13: 515-518, 2002. (Pubitemid 34494275)
6. Billette J, Amellal F, Zhao J, Shrier A. Relationship between different recovery curves representing rate-dependent AV nodal function in rabbit heart. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 5: 63-75, 1994. (Pubitemid 24050766)
7. Billette J, Bonin JP. Rate-induced shortenings in refractory periods and conduction time in the dog atrioventricular node. In: Proceedings of the VIth World Symposium on Cardiac Pacing, edited by Meere C. Montreal: PACESYMP, 1979, p. 1-7.
8. Billette J, Metayer R. Origin, domain, and dynamics of rate-induced variations of functional refractory period in rabbit atrioventricular node. Circ Res 65: 164-175, 1989. (Pubitemid 19173143)
9. Billette J, Metayer R, St-Vincent M. Selective functional characteristics of rate-induced fatigue in rabbit atrioventricular node. Circ Res 62: 790-799, 1988. (Pubitemid 18103240)
10. Cagin NA, Kunstadt D, Levitt B. The influence of cycle length on the effective and functional refractory period of the human AV node. Angiology 27: 468-474, 1976.
11. Cagin NA, Kunstadt D, Wolfish P, Levitt B. The influence of heart rate on the refractory period of the atrium and AV conducting system. Am Heart J 85: 358-366, 1973.
12. Denes P, Wu D, Dhingra R, Pietras RJ, Rosen KM. The effects of cycle length on cardiac refractory periods in man. Circulation 49: 32-41, 1974.
13. DuBrow W, Fisher EA, Amaty-Leon G, Denes P, Wu D, Rosen K, Hastreiter AR. Comparison of cardiac refractory periods in children and adults. Circulation 51: 485-491, 1975.
14. Efimov IR, Nikolski VP. Mechanisms of AV nodal excitability and propagation. In: Cardiac Electrophysiology From Cell to Bedside, edited by Zipes DP and Jalife J. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2004, p. 203-212.
15. Fahy GJ, Efimov I, Cheng Y, Kidwell GA, Van Wagoner D, Tchou PJ, Mazgalev T. Mechanism of atrioventricular nodal facilitation in the rabbit heart: role of the distal AV node. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 272: H2815-H2825, 1997. (Pubitemid 27300458)
16. Ferrier GR, Dresel PE. Relationship of the functional refractory period to conduction in the atrioventricular node. Circ Res 35: 204-214, 1974.
17. Han J, Moe GK. Cumulative effects of cycle length on refractory periods of cardiac tissues. Am J Physiol 217: 106-109, 1969.
18. Josephson ME. Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Techniques and Interpretation. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1993.
19. Krayer O, Mandoki J, Mendez C. Studies on veratrum alkaloids. XVI. The action of epinephrine and of veratramine on the functional refractory period of the auriculoventricular transmission in the heart lung preparation of the dog. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 105: 412-419, 1951.
20. Kuo CT, Wu JM, Lin KH, Young ML. The effects of aging on AV nodal recovery properties. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 24: 194-198, 2001.
21. Levy MN, Martin PJ, Zieske H, Adler D. Role of positive feedback in the atrioventricular nodal Wenckebach phenomenon. Circ Res 34: 697-710, 1974.
22. Lip GY, Tse HF. Management of atrial fibrillation. Lancet 370: 604-618, 2007.
23. Mazgalev T, Mowrey K, Efimov I, Fahy GJ, Van Wagoner D, Cheng Y, Tchou PJ. Mechanism of atrioventricular nodal facilitation in rabbit heart: role of proximal AV node. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 273: H1658-H1668, 1997. (Pubitemid 27479262)
24. Mendez C, Gruhzit C, Moe GK. Influence of cycle length upon refractory period of auricles, ventricles, and AV node in the dog. Am J Physiol 184: 287-295, 1956.
25. Merideth J, Mendez C, Mueller WJ, Moe GK. Electrical excitability of atrioventricular nodal cells. Circ Res 23: 69-85, 1968.
26. Rosenblueth A. Functional refractory period of cardiac tissues. Am J Physiol 194: 171-183, 1958.
27. Shenasa M, Lacombe P, Godin D, MA, Faugere G, Nadeau RA. Atrioventricular nodal conduction and refractoriness following abrupt changes in cycle length. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 11: 1281-1290, 1988. (Pubitemid 19005744)
28. Simson MB, Spear J, Moore EN. The relationship between atrioventricular nodal refractoriness and the functional refractory period in the dog. Circ Res 44: 121-126, 1979. (Pubitemid 9089585)
29. Stark G, Kasper K, Schulze-Bauer C, Stark U, Decrinis M, Tritthart HA. How to measure AV nodal refractoriness in the presence of verapamil, amiodarone, digoxin, and diltiazem. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 19: 157-164, 1996. (Pubitemid 26057220)
30. Tadros R, Lavallée M, Billette J. Unified rate-dependent atrioventricular nodal function: consistent recovery and fatigue properties revealed with S1S2S3 protocols and different recovery indexes. Heart Rhythm 3: 959-966, 2006. (Pubitemid 44103505)
31. Tadros R, Lavallée M, Billette J. Dependence of AV nodal function curves on the selected recovery index: pivotal role of pretest conduction time. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 18: 978-984, 2007. (Pubitemid 47339050)
32. Talajic M, Lemery R, Roy D, Villemaire C, Cartier R, Coutu B, Nattel S. Rate-dependent effects of diltiazem on human atrioventricular nodal properties. Circulation 86: 870-877, 1992.
33. Talajic M, Nattel S. Frequency-dependent effects of calcium antagonists on atrioventricular conduction and refractoriness: demonstration and characterization in anesthetized dogs. Circulation 74: 1156-1167, 1986. (Pubitemid 17174965)
34. Talajic M, Nayebpour M, Jing W, Nattel S. Frequency-dependent effects of diltiazem on the atrioventricular node during experimental atrial fibrillation. Circulation 80: 380-389, 1989. (Pubitemid 19195748)
35. Tsukada T. Effects of heart rate and isoproterenol on the functional refractory period of the AV node. Jpn J Physiol 28: 17-31, 1978. (Pubitemid 8362370)
36. Wiener I, Kunkes S, Rubin D, Kupersmith J, Packer M, Pitchon R, Schweitzer P. Effects of sudden change in cycle length on human atrial, atrioventricular nodal and ventricular refractory periods. Circulation 64: 245-248, 1981. (Pubitemid 11093414)
37. Young ML. A reappraisal of atrioventricular nodal excitability during functional 2:1 block: what should be the gauge? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 13: 1666-1673, 1990.
38. Young ML, Wolff GS, Castellanos A, Gelband H. Application of the Rosenblueth hypothesis to assess cycle length effects on the refractoriness of the atrioventricular node. Am J Cardiol 57: 142-145, 1986. (Pubitemid 16136650)
39. Zhao J, Billette J. Beat-to-beat changes in AV nodal refractory and recovery properties during Wenckebach cycles. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 262: H1899-H1907, 1992.