Late Pleistocene lakes and wetlands, Panamint Valley, Inyo County, California

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 439, Issue , 2008, Pages 151-184

  Jayko, A S ^a   Forester, R M ^b   Kaufman, D S ^c   Phillips, F M ^d   Yount, J C ^e   McGeehin, J ^a   Mahan, S A ^e  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b Box 4099 ^*  (United States)

^c NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^e DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Gale strandline; Hydrochemisty saline lake.; LGM eastern Sierra region; Owens River System; Panamint Valley; Pleistocene glacial lakes

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM COMPOUNDS; CATCHMENTS; CLIMATE CHANGE; DEPOSITS; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; GROUNDWATER; RIVERS; SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS; WETLANDS;

GALE STRANDLINE; LGM EASTERN SIERRA REGION; PANAMINT VALLEY; PLEISTOCENE GLACIAL; RIVER SYSTEMS; SALINE LAKE;

LAKES;

CONFERENCE PROCEEDING; GLACIAL LAKE; LACUSTRINE DEPOSIT; PALEOHYDROLOGY; PLEISTOCENE; RIVER SYSTEM; STRANDLINE; WETLAND;

CALIFORNIA; INYO COUNTY; OWENS RIVER; PANAMINT VALLEY; UNITED STATES;

GASTROPODA; LIMNOCYTHERE SAPPAENSIS; OSTRACODA;

EID: 72149105231     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2008.2439(07)     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (105)

1. Aitken, M.J., 1985, Thermoluminescence Dating: Academic Press, New York, 359 p.
2. Anderson, D.E., and Wells, S.G., 2003, Latest Pleistocene lake highstands in Death Valley, California, in Enzel, Y., Wells, S.G., and Lancaster, N., eds., Paleoenvironments and Paleohydrology of the Mojave and Southern Great Basin Deserts: Geological Society of America Special Paper 368, p. 115-128.
3. Bacon, S.N., Burke, R.M., Pezzopane, S.K., and Jayko, A.S., 2006, Latest Quaternary lake-levels of Owens Lake, Inyo County, California: Quaternary Research Reviews, v. 25, p. 1264-1282.
4. 14 C ages of corals; an updated database including samples from Barbados: Mururoa and
5. Tahiti: Radiocarbon, v. 40, p. 1085-1092.
6. Benson, L.V., Burdett, J.W., Lund, S.P., Kashgarian, M., and Mensing, S., 1997, Nearly synchronous climate change in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial termination: Nature, v. 388, p. 263-265, doi: 10.1038/40838.
7. Benson, L.V., Lund, S.P., Burdett, J.W., Kashgarian, M., Rose, P., Smoot, J.P., and Schwartz, M., 1998, Correlation of late-Pleistocene lake-level oscillations in Mono Lake, California, with North Atlantic climate events: Quaternary Research, v. 49, p. 1-10, doi: 10.1006/qres.1997.1940.
8. Benson, L.V., Liddicoat, J., Smoot, J.P., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Negrini, R., and Lund, S., 2003a, Age of the Mono Lake excursion and associated tephra: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, p. 135-140, doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00249- 4.
9. Benson, L.V., Lund, S., Negrini, R., Linsley, B., and Zic, M., 2003b, Response of North American Great Basin lakes to Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, p. 2239-2251, doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(03) 00210-5.
10. Bischoff, J.L., and Cummins, K., 2001, Wisconsin glaciation of the Sierra Nevada (79,000-15,000 yr B.P.) as recorded by rock flour in sediments of Owens Lake, California: Quaternary Research, v. 55, p. 14-24, doi: 10.1006/qres.2000.2183.
11. Blackwelder, E., 1933, Lake Manly, an extinct lake of Death Valley: Geographical Review, v. 23, p. 464-647, doi: 10.2307/209632.
12. Bradbury, J.P., 1997, A diatom-based paleohydrologic record of climate change for the past 800 k.y. from Owens Lake, California, in Smith, G.I., and Bischoff, J., eds., An 800,000-Year Paleoclimatic Record from Core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California: Geological Society of America Special Paper 317, p. 99-112.
13. Bradbury, J.P., and Forester, R.M., 2002, Environment and paleolimnology of Owens Lake, California: A record of climate and hydrology for the past 50,000 years, in Hershler, R., Madsen, D.B., and Currey, D.R., eds., Great Basin Aquatic Systems History: Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences, v. 33, p. 145-174.
14. Campbell, M.R., 1902, Reconnaissance of the Borax Deposits of Death Valley and Mojave Desert: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin B-200, 23 p.
15. Carranza, C., 1965, Surficial Geology of a Portion of South Panamint Valley, Inyo County, California [Master's thesis]: Amherst, University of Massachusetts, 225 p.
16. Carter, C., 1997, Ostracodes in Owens Lake core OL-92; alteration of saline and freshwater forms through time, in Smith, G.I., and Bischoff, J., eds., An 800,000-Year Paleoclimatic Record from Core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 317, p. 113-119.
17. Davis, E.L., 1970, Archeology ofthe north basin of Panamint Valley, Inyo County, California: Nevada State Museum Anthropological Papers, v. 15, p. 83-141.
18. Delorme, L.D., 1989, Methods in Quaternary Ecology. No. 7: Freshwater ostra-codes: Geoscience Canada, v. 16, p. 85-90.
19. DePaolo, D.J., 1981, Aneodymium and strontium isotopic study of the Mesozoic calc-alkaline granitic batholiths of the Sierra Nevada and Peninsular Ranges, California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 86, p. 10,470-10,488.
20. enick, M.A., Kistler, R.W., Dodge, F.C.W., and Tatsumoto, M., 1983, Nd and Sr isotopic study of crustal and mantle inclusions from the Sierra Nevada and implications for batholith petrogenesis: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, p. 713-719, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<713: NASISO>2.0.CO;2.
21. 36 Cl in environmental water samples using an electrostatic accelerator: Nature, v. 277, p. 22-25, doi: 10.1038/277022a0.
22. ster, H.P., and Jones, B.F., 1979, Behavior of major solutes during closed-basin brine evolution: American Journal of Science, v. 279, p. 609-631.
23. zpatrick, J.A., and Bischoff, J.L., 1993, Uranium-Series Dates on Sediments of the High Shoreline of Panamint Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-0232, 15 p.
24. zpatrick, J.A., Bischoff, J.L., and Smith, G.I., 1993, Uranium-Series Analyses of Evaporites from the 1000-Foot PAN-3 Core, Panamint Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-558, 22 p.
25. ester, R.M., 1983, Relationship of two lacustrine ostracode species to solute composition and salinity: Implication for paleohydrochemistry: Geology, v. 11, p. 435-438, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<435:ROTLOS>2.0.CO;2.
26. ester, R.M., 1986, Determination of the dissolved anion composition of ancient lakes from fossil ostracodes: Geology, v. 14, p. 796-798, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<796:DOTDAC>2.0.CO;2.
27. ester, R.M., 1987, Late Quaternary paleoclimate records from lacustrine ostra-codes, in Ruddiman, W.F., and Wright, H.E., Jr., eds., North America and Adjacent Oceans during the Last Deglaciation: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. K-2, p. 261-276.
28. Fster, R.M., 1991, Ostracode assemblages from springs in the Western United States: Implications for paleohydrology, in Williams, D.D., and Danks, H.V., eds., Arthropods of Springs, with Particular Reference to Canada: Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, v. 155, p. 181-201.
29. Forester, R.M., 1999, Ostracodes as Indicators of Present and Past Hydrology in Death Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-153, p. 69-70.
30. Forester, R.M., 2001, An Ostracode Record of Holocene Climate Change from Owens Lake, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01202, p. 7-8.
31. Forester, R.M., Lowenstein, T.K., and Spencer, R.J., 2005, An ostracode based paleolimnologic and paleohydrologic history of Death Valley; 200 to 0 ka: Geological Society ofAmerica Bulletin, v. 117, p. 1379-1386, doi: 10.1130/B25637.1.
32. Forman, S.L., and Pierson, J., 2002, Late Pleistocene luminescence chronology of loess deposition in the Missouri and Mississippi River valleys, United States: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 186, p. 25-46, doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00440-6.
33. Gale, H.S., 1914a, Notes on the Quaternary Lakes of the Great Basin, with Special Reference to the Deposition of Potash and Other Salines: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 540, p. 399-475.
34. Gale, H.S., 1914b, Salines in the Owens, Searles, and Panamint Valleys, Southeastern California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 580-L, p. 251-323.
35. 14 C reservoir effect in lakes, in Mook, W.G., and van der Plicht, J., eds., Proceedings of the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference, June 16-20, 1997, v. 40: Groningen, Netherlands, p. 921-931.
36. Gilbert, G.K., 1890, Lake Bonneville: U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 1, 309 p. Gosse, J.C., and Phillips, F.M., 2001, Terrestrial in-situ cosmogenic nuclides: Theory and application: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 20, p. 1475-1560, doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00171-2.
37. Groves, K.R., 1996, Geochemical and Isotopic Analysis of Pleistocene Basalts from the Southern Coso Volcanic Field, California [Master's thesis]: Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, 84 p.
38. 14 C ages of ostracodes from Pleistocene lake sediments of the western Great Basin, USA; results of progressive acid leaching, in Beavan-Athfield, N., and Sparks, R.J., eds., Proceedings of the 18th International Radiocarbon Conference, September 1-5, 2003: Wellington, New Zealand, Radiocarbon, v. 46, p. 189-200.
39. Hall, W.E., and MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1962, Geology and Ore Deposits ofthe Darwin Quadrangle, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 368, 87 p.
40. Hanna, G.D., 1963, Some Pleistocene and Pliocene freshwater mollusca from California and Oregon: California Academy of Science Occasional Paper 43, 20 p.
41. Hershler, R., 1999, A systematic review of the Hydrobiid snails (Gastropoda: Ris-sooidea) of the Great Basin, western United States. Part II. Genera Colligyrus, Eremopyrgus, Fluminicola, Pristinicola, and Tryonia: The Veliger, v. 42, p. 306-337.
42. Hershler, R., Liu, H., and Mulvey, M., 1999, Phylogenetic relationships within the aquatic snail genus Tryonia: Implications for biogeography of the North American Southwest: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 13, p. 377-391, doi: 10.1006/mpev. 1999.0659.
43. Hubbs, C.L., Bien, G.S., and Suess, H.E., 1965, La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements IV: Radiocarbon, v. 7, p. 66-117.
44. 36 Cl chronology of lacustrine sedimentation in the Pleistocene Owens River system: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, p. 1146-1159, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1146:ACCOLS>2.3.CO;2.
45. Jayko, A.S., 2005, Late Quaternary denudation rates, Death and Panamint Valleys, eastern California: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 73, p. 271-289, doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.009.
46. Jayko, A.S., 2008, Surficial Geology of the Darwin Hills 30'X 60' Quadrangle, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Map Series, scale 1:100,000.
47. Jayko, A.S., Forester, R.M., Sharpe, S.E., and Smith, G.I., 2001, The last pluvial highstand in Panamint Valley, southeast California: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 88, p. 788.
48. Jayko, A.S., Forester, R.M., and Yount, J.C., 2002, Distribution and character of late Pleistocene lacustrine and spring deposits Panamint Valley, California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, no. 6, p. 395.
49. Jones, B.F., 1966, Geochemical evolution of closed basin water in the western Great Basin, in Rau, J.L., ed., Second Symposium on Salt: Northern Ohio Geological Society, v. 1, p. 181-200.
50. Kaufman, D.S., 2000, Amino acid racemization in ostracodes, in Goodfriend, G., Collins, M., Fogel, M., Macko, S., and Wehmiller, J., eds., Perspectives in Amino Acid and Protein Geochemistry: New York, Oxford University Press, p. 145-160.
51. Kaufman, D.S., 2003a, Amino acid paleothermometry of Quaternary ostracodes from the Bonneville Basin, Utah: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, p. 899-914, doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00006-4.
52. Kaufman, D.S., 2003b, Dating deep-lake sediments by using amino acid racemiza-tion in fossil ostracodes: Geology, v. 31, p. 1049-1052, doi: 10.1130/ G20004.1.
53. Kaufman, D.S., and Manley, W.F., 1998, Anew procedure for determining enan-tiomeric (D/L) amino acid ratios in fossils using reverse phase liquid chro-matography: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 17, p. 987-1000, doi: 10.1016/ S0277-3791(97)00086-3.
54. Kaufman, D.S., O'Brien, G., Mead, J.I., Bright, J., and Umhoefer, P., 2002, Late Quaternary spring-fed deposits of the Grand Canyon and their implication for deep lava-dammed lakes: Quaternary Research, v. 58, p. 329-340, doi: 10.1006/qres.2002.2375.
55. 86 in Mesozoic granitic rocks and intruded wall rocks in central California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 3489-3512, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<3489:VISRKN>2.0.CO;2.
56. Kistler, R.W., and Peterman, Z.E., 1978, Reconstruction of crustal blocks of California on the basis of initial strontium isotopic compositions of Mesozoic granitic rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1071, 17 p.
57. Koehler, P.A., and Anderson, R.S., 1995, Thirty thousand years of vegetation changes in the Alabama Hills, Owens Valley, California: Quaternary Research, v. 43, p. 238-248, doi: 10.1006/qres.1995.1024.
58. Kunkel, F., 1962, Preliminary Map Showing Valley-Fill Areas and Source, Occurrence, and Movement of Ground Water in the Western Part of the Mojave Desert Region, California: U.S. Geological Survey, Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-0031, scale 1:316,800.
59. Laabs, B.J.C., and Kaufman, D.S., 2003, Quaternary highstands in Bear Lake Valley, Utah and Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, p. 463478, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0463:QHIBLV>2.0.CO;2.
60. Lal, D., 1991, Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces; in situ nuclide production rates and erosion models: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 104, p. 424-439.
61. Lang, A., 1994, Infrared stimulated luminescence dating of Holocene reworked silty sediments: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 13, p. 525-528, doi:10.1016/0277-3791(94)90071-X.
62. Lea, D.W., Pak, D.K., and Spero, H.J., 2000, Climate impact of late Quaternary equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature variations: Science, v. 289, p. 1719-1724, doi: 10.1126/science.289.5485.1719.
63. Li, H., Bischoff, J.L., Ku, T., and Zhu, Z., 2004, Climate and hydrology of the last interglaciation (MIS 5) in Owens Basin, California: Isotopic and geo-chemical evidence from core OL-92: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 23, p. 49-63, doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00215-4.
64. Li, J., Lowenstein, T.K., and Blackburn, I.R., 1997, Responses of evaporite mineralogy to inflow water sources and climate during the past 100 k.y. in Death Valley, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 13611371, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<1361:ROEMTI>2.3.CO;2.
65. Lowenstein, T.K., Li, J., Brown, C., Roberts, S.M., Ku, T.-L., Luo, S., and Yang, W., 1999, 200 k.y. paleoclimate record from Death Valley salt core: Geology, v. 27, p. 3-6, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0003:KYPRFD>2.3. CO;2.
66. 2 hydroxylation generates protons for bicarbonate assimilation: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 36, p. 618-628.
67. McConnell, V.S., 1994, Applying Sr isotope geochemistry to interpreting the history of the Long Valley caldera, California: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 75, p. 733.
68. Miller, G.H., and Brigham-Grette, J., 1989, Amino acid geochronology-resolution and precision in carbonate fossils: Quaternary International, v. 1, p. 111-128, doi: 10.1016/1040-6182(89)90011-6.
69. Ore, H.T., and Warren, C.N., 1971, Late Pleistocene-early Holocene geomorphic history of Lake Mojave, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 2553-2562, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[2553:LPHGHO] 2.0.CO;2.
70. Phillips, F.M., and Plummer, M.A., 1996, CHLOE: Aprogram for interpreting in-situ cosmogenic nuclide data for surface exposure dating and erosion studies, in Jull, A.J.T., ed., 7th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Radiocarbon Abstracts, v. 38, p. 98-99.
71. Phillips, F.M., and Zreda, M.G., 1999, Chlorine-36 Ages of Pluvial Shoreline Features in the Death Valley/Panamint Valley Area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-153, p. 69-70.
72. Phillips, F.M., Stone, W.D., and Fabryka-Martin, J.T., 2001, An improved approach to calculating low-energy cosmic-ray neutron fluxes near the land/atmosphere interface: Chemical Geology, v. 175, p. 689-701, doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00329-6.
73. Prescott, J.R., and Hutton, J.T., 1994, Cosmic ray contributions to dose rates for luminescence and ESR dating: Large depths and long-term time variations: Radiation Measurements, v. 23, p. 497-500, doi: 10.1016/1350- 4487(94) 90086-8.
74. Pretti, V.A., and Stewart, B.W., 2002, Solute sources and chemical weathering in the Owens Lake watershed, eastern California: Source Water Resources Research, v. 38, 18 p.
75. Quade, J., Forester, R.M., Pratt, W.L., and Carter, C., 1998, Black mats, spring fed-streams and late-glacial age recharge in the southern Great Basin: Quaternary Research, v. 49, p. 129-148, doi: 10.1006/qres.1997.1959.
76. Quade, J., Forester, R.M., and Whelan, J.F., 2003, Late Quaternary paleohydro-logic and paleotemperature change in southern Nevada, in Enzel, Y., Wells, S.G., and Lancaster, N., eds., Paleoenvironments and Paleohydrology of the Mojave and Southern Great Basin Deserts: Geological Society of America Special Paper 368, p. 165-188.
77. Reheis, M.C., and Sawyer, T.L., 1997, Late Cenozoic history and slip rates of the Fish Lake Valley, Emigrant Peak and Deep Springs fault zones, Nevada and California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 280-299, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0280:LCHASR>2.3.CO;2.
78. Reimer, P.J., Baillie, M.G., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J.W., Bertrand, C.J.H., Blackwell, P.G., Buck, C.E., Burr, G.S., Cutler, K.B., Damon, P.E., Edwards, R.L., Fairbanks, R.G., Friedrich, M., Guilderson, T.P., Hogg, A.G., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., McCormac, G., Manning, S., Ramsey, C.B., Reimer, R.W., Remmele, S., Southon, J.R., Stuiver, M., Talamo, S., Taylor, F.W., van der Plicht, J., and Weyhenmeyer, C.E., 2004, IntCal04 terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 cal kyr B.P.: Radiocarbon, v. 46, p. 1029-1058.
79. Richardson, C.A., McDonald, E.V., and Busacca, A.J., 1997, Luminescence dating of loess from the northwest United States: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 16, p. 403-415, doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00111-4.
80. Russell, I.C., 1885, Geological History of Lake Lahontan, A Quaternary lake of Northwestern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Monograph XI, 288 p.
81. Singhvi, A.K., Sharma, Y.P., and Agrawal, D.P., 1982, Thermo-luminescence dating of sand dunes in Rajasthan, India: Nature, v. 295, p. 313-315, doi:10.1038/295313a0.
82. Smith, A.J., 1993, Lacustrine ostracodes as hydrochemical indicators in lakes of the north-central United States: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 8, p. 121-134, doi: 10.1007/BF00119785.
83. Smith, G.I., 1968, Late Quaternary geologic and climatic history of Searles Lake southeastern California, in Morrison, R.B., and Wright, H.E., Jr., eds., Means of Correlation of Quaternary Successions, Volume 8: Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press, p. 293-310.
84. Smith, G.I., and Bischoff, J.L., eds., 1997, An 800,000-Year Paleoclimatic Record from Core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California: Geological Society of America Special Paper 317, 165 p.
85. Smith, G.I., and Pratt, W.P., 1957, Core Logs from Owens, China, Searles, and Panamint Valleys, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1045-A, 62 p.
86. Smith, G.I., Barczak, V.J., Moulton, G.F., and Liddicoat, J.C., 1983, Core KM-3, a Surface-to-Bedrock Record of Late Cenozoic Sedimentation in Searles Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1256, 24 p.
87. Smith, R.L., Roof, S.R., and Savoy, L.E., 1998, Interpreting Pleistocene history of Panamint Valley, southeastern California, using gastropod shells: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 30, no. 7, p. A-284.
88. Smith, R.S.U., 1976, Late-Quaternary Fluvial and Tectonic History of Panamint Valley, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California [Ph.D. thesis]: Pasadena, California Institute of Technology, 295 p.
89. Smith, R.S.U., 1978, Pluvial History of Panamint Valley, California: Pacific Cell, Friends of the Pleistocene, Guidebook, 36 p.
90. Steinkampf, W.C., and Werrell, W.L., 2001, Ground-water flow to Death Valley, as inferred from the chemistry and geohydrology of selected springs in Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4114, 37 p.
91. Stewart, B.W., 1998, Quaternary weathering processes and climate change in the Sierra Nevada and western Great Basin; radiogenic isotope results from the Owens River system: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 30, no. 7, p. A-66.
92. Stewart, B., Roof, S., Boulanger, J.R., and Lowenstein, T.K., 2001, Connectivity of Owens River system paleo-lakes during Quaternary glacial periods: The strontium isotope record: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 88, p. 788.
93. Stone, J.O.H., Evans, J.M., Fifield, L.K., Allan, G.L., and Cresswell, R.G., 1998, Cosmogenic chlorine-36 production in calcite by muons: Geochimica et Cos-mochimica Acta, v. 62, p. 433-454, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00369-4.
94. Stuiver, M., 1964, Carbon isotopic distribution and correlated chronology of Sear-les Lake sediments: American Journal of Science, v. 262, p. 377-392.
95. 14 C dating: Radiocarbon, v. 19, p. 355-363.
96. 14 C age calibration program: Radiocarbon, v. 35, p. 215-230.
97. Taylor, D.W., 1986, Fossil molluscs from the Lake Hill archeological site, Panamint Valley, southeastern California: Contributions of the Great Basin Foundation, v. 2, p. 42-53.
98. Vogel, M., Jayko, A.S., Wooden, J., and Smith, R.S.U., 2002, Quaternary exhumation rate, central Panamint Range, California, from U-Pb zircon ages: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, no. 6, p. 249.
99. Wasserburg, G.J., Albee, J., and Lanphere, M., 1964, Migration of radiogenic strontium during metamorphism: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 69, p. 4395-4401.
100. Wehmiller, J.F., 1984, Interlaboratory comparison of amino acid enantiomeric ratios in fossil Pleistocene mollusks: Quaternary Research, v. 22, p. 109120, doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(84)90010-3.
101. Wehmiller, J.F., and Miller, G.H., 2000, Aminostratigraphic dating methods in Quaternary geology, in Noller, J.S., Sowers, J.M., and Lettis, W.R., eds., Quaternary Geochronology: Methods and Applications: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, Reference Shelf, v. 4, p. 187-222.
102. Wells, S.G., Brown, W.J., Enzel, Y., Anderson, R.Y., and McFadden, L.D., 2003, Late Quaternary geology and paleohydrology of pluvial Lake Mojave, southern California, in Enzel, Y., Wells, S.G., and Lancaster, N., eds., Paleoenvironments and Paleohydrology of the Mojave and Southern Great Basin Deserts: Geological Society of America Special Paper 368, p. 79-114.
103. 18 O record extended to the mid-Holocene: Quaternary Research, v. 66, p. 202-212.
104. Wornardt, W.W., 1964, Pleistocene Diatoms from Mono and Panamint Lake Basins, California: California Academy of Science Occasional Paper 46, 27 p.
105. 36 Cl Surface Exposure Dating Method and Its Application to the Chronology of Late Quaternary Glaciations [Ph.D. thesis]: Socorro, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 318 p.