메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 5-6, 2005, Pages 421-440

Demographics and personal characteristics of urban Malaysian entrepreneurs: an ethnic comparison

Author keywords

attitude; business characteristics; demographic; entrepreneurs; entrepreneurs profile; ethnicity; Malaysia; personality

Indexed keywords


EID: 72149095877     PISSN: 1368275X     EISSN: 17415098     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/ijeim.2005.006997     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 84862288950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengthening entrepreneurship in Malaysia
    • paper presented at the 7th Corporate Economic Briefing 2002 by Malaysian Institute of Economic Research (MIER), Malaysia
    • Ariff, M. and Abu Bakar, S.Y. (2002) ‘Strengthening entrepreneurship in Malaysia’, Malaysian Economic Outlook: 1st Quarter 2002 Update, paper presented at the 7th Corporate Economic Briefing 2002 by Malaysian Institute of Economic Research (MIER), Malaysia, pp.1–22.
    • (2002) Malaysian Economic Outlook: 1st Quarter 2002 Update , pp. 1-22
    • Ariff, M.1    Abu Bakar, S.Y.2
  • 2
    • 0003241308 scopus 로고
    • Performance as a function of motive strength and expectancy of goal attainment
    • Atkinson, J. and Reitman, W. (1956) ‘Performance as a function of motive strength and expectancy of goal attainment’, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 53, March, pp.361–366.
    • (1956) Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , vol.53 , Issue.March , pp. 361-366
    • Atkinson, J.1    Reitman, W.2
  • 3
    • 0002230575 scopus 로고
    • The psychology of the entrepreneur
    • Sexton, D.L. and Smilor, R.W. (Eds.) Ballinger, Cambridge, MA
    • Brockhaus Sr., R.H. and Horwitz, P.S. (1986) ‘The psychology of the entrepreneur’, in Sexton, D.L. and Smilor, R.W. (Eds.): The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship, Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, pp.25–48.
    • (1986) The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship , pp. 25-48
    • Brockhaus, R.H.1    Horwitz, P.S.2
  • 4
    • 0001839319 scopus 로고
    • The entrepreneurship paradigm (I): a philosophical look at its research methodologies
    • Bygrave, W.D. (1989) ‘The entrepreneurship paradigm (I): a philosophical look at its research methodologies’, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp.7–26.
    • (1989) Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-26
    • Bygrave, W.D.1
  • 5
    • 0031285047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The internal-external scale confounds internal locus of control with expectancies of positive outcomes
    • Carver, C. (1997) ‘The internal-external scale confounds internal locus of control with expectancies of positive outcomes’, Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp.580–585.
    • (1997) Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 580-585
    • Carver, C.1
  • 6
    • 0000335779 scopus 로고
    • A multifactorial approach to achievement motivation: the development of comprehensive measure
    • Cassidy, T. and Lynn, R. (1989) ‘A multifactorial approach to achievement motivation: the development of comprehensive measure’, Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol. 62, February, pp.301–312.
    • (1989) Journal of Occupational Psychology , vol.62 , Issue.February , pp. 301-312
    • Cassidy, T.1    Lynn, R.2
  • 8
    • 0003352761 scopus 로고
    • Entrepreneurial research: directions and methods
    • Sexton, D.L. and Smilor, R.W. (Eds.) Ballinger, Cambridge, MA
    • Churchill, N.C. and Lewis, V. (1986) ‘Entrepreneurial research: directions and methods’, in Sexton, D.L. and Smilor, R.W. (Eds.): The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship, Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, pp.335–365.
    • (1986) The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship , pp. 335-365
    • Churchill, N.C.1    Lewis, V.2
  • 11
    • 84986715217 scopus 로고
    • The protestant work ethic and attitudes towards unemployment
    • Furnham, A. (1982) ‘The protestant work ethic and attitudes towards unemployment’, Journal of Occupation Psychology, Vol. 55, pp.277–285.
    • (1982) Journal of Occupation Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 277-285
    • Furnham, A.1
  • 12
    • 84985854779 scopus 로고
    • The protestant work ethic: a review of the psychology literature
    • Furnham, A. (1984) ‘The protestant work ethic: a review of the psychology literature’, Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.87–104.
    • (1984) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 87-104
    • Furnham, A.1
  • 13
    • 0011499534 scopus 로고
    • On encouraging entrepreneurship: an interdisciplinary approach
    • Gilad, B. (1982) ‘On encouraging entrepreneurship: an interdisciplinary approach’, Journal of Behavioral Economics, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp.132–163.
    • (1982) Journal of Behavioral Economics , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 132-163
    • Gilad, B.1
  • 15
    • 84993079108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of an entrepreneurship programme on need for achievement and locus of control of reinforcement
    • Hansemark, O.C. (1998) ‘The effects of an entrepreneurship programme on need for achievement and locus of control of reinforcement’, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp.28–50.
    • (1998) International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-50
    • Hansemark, O.C.1
  • 16
    • 0001227572 scopus 로고
    • The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory
    • Heppner, P.P. and Peterson, C.H. (1982) ‘The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory’, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp.66–75.
    • (1982) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 66-75
    • Heppner, P.P.1    Peterson, C.H.2
  • 17
    • 38249003841 scopus 로고
    • A structural model of the effects of entrepreneurial characteristics on venture performance
    • Herron, L. and Robinson Jr., R.B. (1993) ‘A structural model of the effects of entrepreneurial characteristics on venture performance’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.281–294.
    • (1993) Journal of Business Venturing , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 281-294
    • Herron, L.1    Robinson, R.B.2
  • 18
    • 0011004769 scopus 로고
    • Differences in psychological characteristics between entrepreneurially inclined and non-entrepreneurially inclined accounting graduates in Singapore
    • Ho, T.S. and Koh, H.C. (1992) ‘Differences in psychological characteristics between entrepreneurially inclined and non-entrepreneurially inclined accounting graduates in Singapore’, Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Change: An International Journal, Vol. 1, No. 11, pp.243–254.
    • (1992) Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Change: An International Journal , vol.1 , Issue.11 , pp. 243-254
    • Ho, T.S.1    Koh, H.C.2
  • 20
    • 0002537016 scopus 로고
    • Locus of control and entrepreneurship in the Russian Republic
    • Kaufmann, P. and Welsh, D. (1995) ‘Locus of control and entrepreneurship in the Russian Republic’, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp.43–56.
    • (1995) Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-56
    • Kaufmann, P.1    Welsh, D.2
  • 21
    • 0347038479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics
    • Koh, K.H. (1996) ‘Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics’, Journal of Management Psychology, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp.12–25.
    • (1996) Journal of Management Psychology , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 12-25
    • Koh, K.H.1
  • 24
    • 0015710889 scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional locus of control in psychiatric patients
    • Levenson, H. (1973) ‘Multidimensional locus of control in psychiatric patients’, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp.397–404.
    • (1973) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-404
    • Levenson, H.1
  • 25
    • 0001995322 scopus 로고
    • Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance
    • Lefcourt, H.M. (Ed.) Academic Press, New York
    • Levenson, H. (1981) ‘Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance’, in Lefcourt, H.M. (Ed.): Research with the Locus of Control Construct, Academic Press, New York, Vol. 1, pp.15–63.
    • (1981) Research with the Locus of Control Construct , vol.1 , pp. 15-63
    • Levenson, H.1
  • 26
    • 84986146368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality
    • Littunen, H. (2000) ‘Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality’, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp.295–310.
    • (2000) International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 295-310
    • Littunen, H.1
  • 27
    • 10144233897 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of educational achievement at 16+: intelligence, personality, home background and school
    • Lynn, R., Hampson, S. L. and Magee, M. (1983) ‘Determinants of educational achievement at 16+: intelligence, personality, home background and school’, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.473–481.
    • (1983) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 473-481
    • Lynn, R.1    Hampson, S.L.2    Magee, M.3
  • 31
    • 45949116401 scopus 로고
    • Entrepreneurship education in the nineties
    • McMullan, E.D. and Long, W.A. (1987) ‘Entrepreneurship education in the nineties’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 2, pp.261–275.
    • (1987) Journal of Business Venturing , vol.2 , pp. 261-275
    • McMullan, E.D.1    Long, W.A.2
  • 36
    • 0023183370 scopus 로고
    • A problem-solving formulation of depression: a literature review and proposal of a pluralistic model
    • Nezu, A. M. (1987) ‘A problem-solving formulation of depression: a literature review and proposal of a pluralistic model’, Clinical Psychology Review, Vol. 71, No. 3, pp.121–144.
    • (1987) Clinical Psychology Review , vol.71 , Issue.3 , pp. 121-144
    • Nezu, A.M.1
  • 37
    • 33751532681 scopus 로고
    • CEO locus of control, strategic planning, differentiation and small business performance: a test of path analytic model
    • Nwachukwu, O. (1995) ‘CEO locus of control, strategic planning, differentiation and small business performance: a test of path analytic model’, Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp.9–14.
    • (1995) Journal of Applied Business Research , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 9-14
    • Nwachukwu, O.1
  • 38
    • 0001982074 scopus 로고
    • After further sightings of the heffalump
    • Perry, C. (1990) ‘After further sightings of the heffalump’, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 51, No. 5, pp.22–31.
    • (1990) Journal of Managerial Psychology , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 22-31
    • Perry, C.1
  • 40
    • 0013994747 scopus 로고
    • Generalization expectations for internal versus external control of reinforcement
    • Rotter, J.B. (1966) ‘Generalization expectations for internal versus external control of reinforcement’, Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, Vol. 80, No. 1, pp.1–27.
    • (1966) Psychological Monographs: General and Applied , vol.80 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-27
    • Rotter, J.B.1
  • 41
    • 0016440094 scopus 로고
    • Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement
    • Rotter, J.B. (1975) ‘Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement’, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp.56–67.
    • (1975) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 56-67
    • Rotter, J.B.1
  • 42
    • 0000747474 scopus 로고
    • Internal versus external control of reinforcement
    • Rotter, J.B. (1990) ‘Internal versus external control of reinforcement’, American Psychologist, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp.489–493.
    • (1990) American Psychologist , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 489-493
    • Rotter, J.B.1
  • 43
    • 0001627173 scopus 로고
    • The entrepreneur: a capable executive and more
    • Sexton, D.L. and Bowman, N. (1985) ‘The entrepreneur: a capable executive and more’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp.129–140.
    • (1985) Journal of Business Venturing , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 129-140
    • Sexton, D.L.1    Bowman, N.2
  • 44
    • 0003017152 scopus 로고
    • Person, process, choice: the psychology of new venture creation
    • Shaver, K.G. and Scott, L.R. (1991) ‘Person, process, choice: the psychology of new venture creation’, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp.23–45.
    • (1991) Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 23-45
    • Shaver, K.G.1    Scott, L.R.2
  • 45
    • 0031231876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrepreneurship: reflections on a subversive activity
    • Smilor, R. (1997) ‘Entrepreneurship: reflections on a subversive activity’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp.341–345.
    • (1997) Journal of Business Venturing , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 341-345
    • Smilor, R.1
  • 46
    • 0142232353 scopus 로고
    • Behavior in organizations as a function of locus of control
    • Spector, P. (1992) ‘Behavior in organizations as a function of locus of control’, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 91, No. 4, pp.482–497.
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.91 , Issue.4 , pp. 482-497
    • Spector, P.1
  • 50
    • 84892057149 scopus 로고
    • Have you got what it takes to run your own business?
    • Vaught, B.C. and Hoy, F. (1981) ‘Have you got what it takes to run your own business?’, Business Atlanta, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp.2–9.
    • (1981) Business Atlanta , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 2-9
    • Vaught, B.C.1    Hoy, F.2
  • 51
    • 84892823085 scopus 로고
    • A scoring manual for the power motive
    • Atkinson, J. (Ed.) D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ
    • Veroff, J. (1958a) ‘A scoring manual for the power motive’, in Atkinson, J. (Ed.): Motives in Fantasy, Action and Society, D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ, pp.23–38.
    • (1958) Motives in Fantasy, Action and Society , pp. 23-38
    • Veroff, J.1
  • 52
    • 0002414390 scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of a projective measure of power motivation
    • Atkinson, J. (Ed.) D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ
    • Veroff, J. (1958b) ‘Development and validation of a projective measure of power motivation’, in Atkinson, J. (Ed.): Motives in Fantasy, Action and Society, D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ, pp.66–78.
    • (1958) Motives in Fantasy, Action and Society , pp. 66-78
    • Veroff, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.