Valsartan: More than a decade of experience

Drugs

Volumn 69, Issue 17, 2009, Pages 2393-2414

  Black, Henry R ^a   Bailey, Jacqueline ^b   Zappe, Dion ^c   Samuel, Rita ^c  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OXFORD PHARMAGENESIS LTD   (United Kingdom)

^c NOVARTIS PHARMA AG   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; CANDESARTAN; CAPTOPRIL; ENALAPRIL; FELODIPINE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; OLMESARTAN; PLACEBO; TELMISARTAN; VALSARTAN;

ANKLE EDEMA; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; COUGHING; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DIZZINESS; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ETHNIC GROUP; FATIGUE; GERIATRIC PATIENT; HEADACHE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART PROTECTION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPOKALEMIA; JOINT SWELLING; MALAISE; MICROALBUMINURIA; MONOTHERAPY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; OBESITY; PERIPHERAL EDEMA; POTASSIUM BLOOD LEVEL; REVIEW; RHINOPHARYNGITIS; SIDE EFFECT; STROKE; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

AGED; ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHILD; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTENSION; META-ANALYSIS AS TOPIC; RECEPTORS, ANGIOTENSIN; TETRAZOLES; VALINE;

EID: 72049112290     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: 11791950     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/11319460-000000000-00000     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Gavras I, Gavras H. Angiotensin II as a cardiovascular risk factor. J Hum Hypertens 2002 May; 16 Suppl. 2: S2-6
2. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003 Dec; 42: 1206-1252
3. KDOQI Clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2007 Feb; 49 (2 Suppl. 2): S12-54
4. Williams B, Lindholm LH, Sever P. Systolic pressure is all that matters. Lancet 2008 Jun 28; 371: 2219-2221
5. Diovan (valsartan) tablets [prescribing information]. East Hanover (NJ): Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 2008 Dec [online]. Available from URL: http:// www.pharma.us.novartis.com/products/name/diovan.jsp [Accessed 2009 Aug 18]
6. Markham A, Goa KL. Valsartan: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in essential hypertension. Drugs 1997 Aug; 54: 299-311 (Pubitemid 27361837)
7. Flesch G, Muller P, Lloyd P. Absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 52: 115-120
8. Lacourciere Y, Poirier L, Hebert D, et al. Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of two fixed-dose combinations of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide compared with valsartan monotherapy in patients with stage 2 or 3 systolic hypertension: an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Clin Ther 2005 Jul; 27: 1013-1021
9. Mallion JM, Carretta R, Trenkwalder P, et al. Valsartan/ hydrochlorothiazide is effective in hypertensive patients inadequately controlled by valsartan monotherapy. Blood Press Suppl. 2003 May; 1: 36-43
10. Calhoun DA, Glazer RD, Pettyjohn FS, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with valsartan/ hydrochlorothiazide in the initial treatment of severe hypertension. Curr Med Res Opin 2008 Aug; 24: 2303-2311
11. Pool JL, Glazer R, Weinberger M, et al. Comparison of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy at doses up to 320/25mg versus monotherapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study followed by long-term combination therapy in hypertensive adults. Clin Ther 2007 Jan; 29: 61-73
12. Cifkova R, Peleska J, Hradec J, et al. Valsartan and atenolol in patients with severe essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1998 Aug; 12: 563-567
13. Fogari R, Preti P, Zoppi A, et al. Effect of valsartan and atenolol on sexual behavior in hypertensive post-menopausal women. Am J Hypertens 2004 Jan; 17: 77-81
14. Mallion JM, Boutelant S, Chabaux P, et al. Valsartan, a new angiotensin II antagonist; blood pressure reduction in essential hypertension compared with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril. Blood Press Monit 1997 Aug; 2: 179-184
15. Fogari R, Zoppi A, Carretta R, et al. Effect of indomethacin on the antihypertensive efficacy of valsartan and lisinopril: a multicentre study. J Hypertens 2002 May; 20: 1007-1014
16. Malacco E, Santonastaso M, Vari NA, et al. Comparison of valsartan 160mg with lisinopril 20mg, given as mono-therapy or in combination with a diuretic, for the treatment of hypertension: the Blood Pressure Reduction and Tolerability of Valsartan in Comparison with Lisinopril (PREVAIL) study. Clin Ther 2004 Jun; 26: 855-865 (Pubitemid 38943034)
17. Elliott WJ, Calhoun DA, DeLucca PT, et al. Losartan versus valsartan in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension: data from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, 12-week trial. Clin Ther 2001 Aug; 23: 1166-1179
18. Calvo C, Hermida RC, Ayala DE, et al. Effects of telmisartan 80 mg and valsartan 160 mg on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. J Hyper-tens 2004 Apr; 22: 837-846 (Pubitemid 38543577)
19. Destro M, Scabrosetti R, Vanasia A, et al. Comparative efficacy of valsartan and olmesartan in mild-to-moderate hypertension: results of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Adv Ther 2005 Jan; 22: 32-43
20. Malacco E, Vari N, Capuano V, et al. A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group comparison of valsartan and amlodipine in the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in elderly patients: the Val-Syst study. Clin Ther 2003 Nov; 25: 2765-2780
21. Ruilope LM, Malacco E, Khder Y, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with valsartan plus hydrochlorothiazide compared with amlodipine mono-therapy in hypertensive patients with other cardiovascular risk factors: the VAST study. Clin Ther 2005 May; 27: 578-587
22. Ong KL, Cheung BM, Man YB, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and controlofhypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension 2007 Jan; 49: 69-75
23. White WB, Calhoun DA, Samuel R, et al. Improving blood pressure control: increase the dose of diuretic or switch to a fixed-dose angiotensin receptor blocker/diuretic? The valsartan hydrochlorothiazide diuretic for initial control and titration to achieve optimal therapeutic effect (Val-DICTATE) trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008 Jun; 10: 450-458
24. Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, et al. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004 Jun 19; 363: 2022-2031
25. Poulter NR, Wedel H, Dahlof B, et al. Role of blood pressure and other variables in the differential cardiovascular event rates noted in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA). Lancet 2005 Sep 10; 366: 907-913
26. Weir MR, Levy D, Crikelair N, et al. Time to achieve blood-pressure goal: influence of dose of valsartan mono-therapy and valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy. Am J Hypertens 2007 Jul; 20: 807-815
27. Jamerson KA, Zappe DH, Collins L, et al. The time to blood pressure (BP) control by initiating antihyperten-sive therapy with a higher dose of valsartan (160 mg) or valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide compared to low-dose valsartan (80 mg) in the treatment of hypertension: the VELOCITY study [abstract no. P-400]. J Clin Hypertens 2007; 9 (5 Suppl. A): A166
28. Kolloch RE, Ferber P. A randomized, double-blind study to compare a valsartan-based vs an amlodipine-based treatment algorithm in achieving blood pressure control: the PROMPT study [abstract]. J Clin Hypertens 2008 Jun; 10: 509
29. Millar-Craig MW, Bishop CN, Raftery EB. Circadian variation of blood-pressure. Lancet 1978 Apr 15; 1: 795-797
30. Muller JE, Stone PH, Turi ZG, et al. Circadian variation in the frequency of onset of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1985 Nov 21; 313: 1315-1322
31. Willich SN, Levy D, Rocco MB, et al. Circadian variation in the incidence of sudden cardiac death in the Framingham Heart Study population. Am J Cardiol 1987 Oct 1; 60: 801-806
32. Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, et al. Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cere-brovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: a prospective study. Circulation 2003 Mar 18; 107: 1401-1406
33. Izzedine H, Launay-Vacher V, Deray G. Abnormal blood pressure circadian rhythm: a target organ damage? Int J Cardiol 2006 Mar 8; 107: 343-349
34. Boggia J, Li Y, Thijs L, et al. Prognostic accuracy of day versus night ambulatory blood pressure: a cohort study. Lancet 2007 Oct 6; 370: 1219-1229
35. Pedersen OL, Mancia G, Pickering T, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring after 1 year on valsartan or amlodipine-based treatment:a VALUE substudy.J Hyper-tens 2007 Mar; 25: 707-712
36. Myers MG. Methods for evaluating the duration of action of once-daily antihypertensive therapy. Blood Press Monit 2003 Aug; 8: 161-163
37. Hermida RC, Calvo C, Ayala DE, et al. Administration time-dependent effects of valsartan on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. Hypertension 2003 Sep; 42: 283-290 (Pubitemid 37093474)
38. Oparil S, Yarows SA, Patel S, et al. Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2007 Jul 21; 370: 221-229
39. Neutel J, Weber M, Pool J, et al. Valsartan, a new angiotensin II antagonist: antihypertensive effects over 24 hours. Clin Ther 1997 May; 19: 447-458
40. Franco RJ, Goldflus S, McQuitty M, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the combination valsartan/hydrochlorothi-azide compared with amlodipine in a mild-to-moderately hypertensive Brazilian population. Blood Press Suppl 2003 Dec; 2: 41-47
41. Ruilope LM, Heintz D, Brandao AA, et al. 24-Hour ambulatory blood-pressure effects of valsartan and hydro-chlorothiazide combinations compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients at increased cardiovascular risk: a VAST sub-study. Blood Press Monit 2005 Apr; 10: 85-91
42. Weir MR, Ferdinand KC, Flack JM, et al. A noninferiority comparison of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination versus amlodipine in black hypertensives. Hypertension 2005 Sep; 46: 508-513
43. Hermida RC, Calvo C, Ayala DE, et al. Treatment of nondipper hypertension with bedtime administration of val-sartan. J Hypertens 2005 Oct; 23: 1913-1922
44. Lasko BH, Laplante A, Hebert D, et al. Canadian valsartan study in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Blood Press Monit 2001 Apr; 6: 91-99
45. Monterroso VH, Rodriguez Chavez V, Carbajal ET, et al. Use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to compare antihypertensive efficacy and safety of two angiotensin II receptor antagonists, losartan and valsar-tan: Losartan Trial Investigators. Adv Ther 2000 Mar; 17: 117-131
46. Fogari R, Zoppi A, Mugellini A, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide added to valsartan is more effective than when added to olmesartan in reducing blood pressure in moderately hypertensive patients inadequately controlled by mono-therapy. Adv Ther 2006 Sep; 23: 680-695
47. White WB, Lacourciere Y, Davidai G. Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan versus valsartan on the circadian variation of blood pressure: impact on the early morning period.AmJ Hypertens 2004 Apr; 17: 347-353
48. Palatini P, Mugellini A, Spagnuolo V, et al. Comparison of the effects on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure of valsartan and amlodipine, alone or in combination with a low-dose diuretic, in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension (Val-Syst study). Blood Press Monit 2004 Apr; 9: 91-97
49. Lacourciere Y, Wright Jr JT, Samuel R, et al. Is the combination of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide regimen more effective, compared to conventional treatment with amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide, in lowering ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in patients with stage 2 hypertension? The EVALUATE study [poster]. American Society for Hypertension, 23rd Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition; 2008 May 14-17; New Orleans (LA)
50. White WB. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: dippers compared with non-dippers. Blood Press Monit 2000; 5 Suppl. 1: S17-23
51. Parati G, Omboni S, Rizzoni D, et al. The smoothness index: a new, reproducible and clinically relevant measure of the homogeneity of the blood pressure reduction with treatment for hypertension. J Hypertens 1998 Nov; 16: 1685-1691
52. Fogari R, Mugellini A, Zoppi A, et al. Efficacy of losartan, valsartan, and telmisartan in patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2002; 63: 1-14
53. Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Khder Y, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure-lowering effects of valsartan and enalapril after a missed dose in previously untreated patients with hypertension: a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end-point trial. Clin Ther 2008 Jan; 30: 108-120
54. Neutel JM, Bedigian MP. Efficacy of valsartan in patients aged ‡65 years with systolic hypertension. Clin Ther 2000 Aug; 22: 961-969
55. Black HR, Levy DG, Crikelair N, et al. Predicting age-and dose-related responses to antihypertensive therapy: pooled analysis of two randomized clinical trials of valsartan alone and combined with hydrochlorothiazide. J Am Soc Hypertens 2008; 2: 476-483
56. Fogari R, Derosa G, Zoppi A, et al. Comparison of the effects of valsartan and felodipine on plasma leptin and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive obese patients. Hyper-tens Res 2005 Mar; 28: 209-214
57. Fogari R, Derosa G, Mugellini A, et al. Effect of valsartan on adiponectine, leptin and resistine in hypertensive obese patients [abstract no. P-521]. Am J Hypertens 2005 May; 18 (5 Pt 2): 196A-7A
58. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, et al. 2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2007 Jun; 25: 1105-1187 (Pubitemid 46924065)
59. Mann JF, Gerstein HC, Yi QL, et al. Development of renal disease in people at high cardiovascular risk: results of the HOPE randomized study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003 Mar; 14: 641-647
60. Gerstein HC, Mann JF, Yi Q, et al. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA 2001 Jul 25; 286: 421-426
61. Hollenberg NK, Parving HH, Viberti G, et al. Albuminuria response to very high-dose valsartan in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Hypertens 2007 Sep; 25: 1921-1926
62. Zappe DH, Sowers JR, Hsueh WA, et al. Metabolic and antihypertensive effects of combined angiotensin receptor blocker and diuretic therapy in prediabetic hypertensive patients with the cardiometabolic syndrome. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008 Dec; 10: 894-903
63. Raij L, Sowers JR, Jialal I, et al. Metabolic effects of combination angiotensin receptor blockade/hydrochloro-thiazide in pre-diabetic, obese, hypertensive patients [poster]. 18th Scientific Meeting of the European Society of Hypertension and the 22nd Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Hypertension; 2008 Jun 14-19; Berlin
64. Prabowo P, Arwanto A, Soemantri D, et al. A comparison of valsartan and captopril in patients with essential hypertension in Indonesia. Int J Clin Pract 1999 Jun; 53: 268-272
65. Lee CM, Lee YT, Lang MG, et al. A comparison of valsartan and captopril in Taiwanese patients with essential hypertension. Adv Ther 1999; 16: 39-48
66. Patel JK, Leaback R, on behalf of the POSATIV Investigators. Patients of Southern Asian descent treated with val-sartan (POSATIV) study. Br J Cardiol 2002 Jun; 9: 351-354
67. Maggioni AP, Latini R, Carson PE, et al. Valsartan reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: results from the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). Am Heart J 2005 Mar; 149: 548-557
68. Cohn JN, Tognoni G. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001 Dec 6; 345: 1667-1675
69. Wong M, Staszewsky L, Latini R, et al. Valsartan benefits left ventricular structure and function in heart failure: Val-HeFT echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002 Sep 4; 40: 970-975
70. Latini R, Masson S, Anand I, et al. Effects of valsartan on circulating brain natriuretic peptide and norepinephrine in symptomatic chronic heart failure: the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). Circulation 2002 Nov 5; 106: 2454-2458
71. Maggioni AP, Anand I, Gottlieb SO, et al. Effects of valsartan on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure not receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002 Oct 16; 40: 1414-1421
72. Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, et al. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med 2003 Nov 13; 349: 1893-1906
73. Julius S, Weber MA, Kjeldsen SE, et al. The Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-Term Use Evaluation (VALUE) trial: outcomes in patients receiving monotherapy. Hypertension 2006 Sep; 48: 385-391
74. Weber MA, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical events in the VALUE Trial. Lancet 2004 Jun 19; 363: 2049-2051
75. Aksnes TA, Schmieder RE, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Impact of new-onset diabetes mellitus on development of atrial fibrillation and heart failure in high-risk hypertension (from the VALUE Trial). Am J Cardiol 2008 Mar 1; 101: 634-638
76. Schmieder RE, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, et al. Reduced incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation with angiotensin II receptor blockade: the VALUE trial. J Hypertens 2008 Mar; 26: 403-411
77. Fogari R, Derosa G, Ferrari I, et al. Effect of valsartan and ramipril on atrial fibrillation recurrence and P-wave dispersion in hypertensive patients with recurrent symptomatic lone atrial fibrillation. Am J Hypertens 2008 Sep; 21: 1034-1039
78. Fogari R, Zoppi A, Mugellini A, et al. Comparative evaluation of effect of valsartan/amlodipine and atenolol/ amlodipine combinations on atrial fibrillation recurrence in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008 Mar; 51: 217-222
79. GISSI-AF Investigators, Disertori M, Latini R, et al. Valsartan for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation [published erratum appeared in N Engl J Med 2009 May 28; 360 (22): 2379]. N Engl J Med 2009 Apr 16; 360 (16): 1606-1617
80. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Rifai N, et al. Valsartan, blood pressure reduction, and C-reactive protein: primary report of the Val-MARC trial. Hypertension 2006 Jul; 48: 73-79
81. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, etal. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008 Nov 20; 359: 2195-2207
82. Sampson UK, Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, et al. Predictors of stroke in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: insights from the VALIANT trial. Eur Heart J 2007 Mar; 28: 685-691
83. McMurray J, Solomon S, Pieper K, et al. The effect of valsartan, captopril, or both on atherosclerotic events after acute myocardial infarction: an analysis of the Val-sartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT). J Am Coll Cardiol 2006 Feb 21; 47: 726-733
84. Fogari R, Mugellini A, Zoppi A, et al. Effects of valsartan compared with enalapril on blood pressure and cognitive function in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004 Feb; 59: 863-868
85. Viberti G, Wheeldon NM. Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a blood pressure-independent effect. Circulation 2002 Aug 6; 106: 672-678
86. Uzu T, Sawaguchi M, Maegawa H, et al. Reduction of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Shiga Microalbuminuria Reduction Trial (SMART). Diabetes Care 2007 Jun; 30: 1581-1583
87. Galle J, Schwedhelm E, Pinnetti S, et al. Antiproteinuric effects of angiotensin receptor blockers: telmisartan versus valsartan in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overt nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008 Oct; 23: 3174-3183
88. Ishimitsu T, Kameda T, Akashiba A, et al. Effects of valsartan on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency in patients with nondiabetic renal diseases. Hypertens Res 2005 Nov; 28: 865-870
89. Durmus A, Dogan E, Erkoc R, et al. Effect of valsartan on erythropoietin and hemoglobin levels in stage III-IV chronic kidney disease patients. Int J Clin Pract 2005 Sep; 59: 1001-1004
90. Suzuki H, Kanno Y, Sugahara S, et al. Effects of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, valsartan, on residual renal function in patients on CAPD. Am J Kidney Dis 2004 Jun; 43: 1056-1064
91. Muirhead N, House A, Hollomby DJ, et al. Effect of valsartan on urinary protein excretion and renal function in patients with chronic renal allograft nephropathy. Transplant Proc 2003 Nov; 35: 2412-2414
92. Top C, Cingozbay BY, Terekeci H, et al. The effects of valsartan on insulin sensitivity in patients with primary hypertension. J Int Med Res 2002 Jan; 30: 15-20 (Pubitemid 34618717)
93. Hanefeld M, Abletshauser C. Effect of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan on lipid profile and glucose metabolism in patients with hypertension. J Int Med Res 2001 Jul; 29: 270-279
94. Yilmaz MI, Sonmez A, Caglar K, et al. Effect of anti-hypertensive agents on plasma adiponectin levels in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. Nephrology (Carlton) 2007 Apr; 12: 147-153
95. Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Mancia G, et al. Effects of valsartan compared to amlodipine on preventing type 2 diabetes in high-risk hypertensive patients: the VALUE trial. J Hyper-tens 2006 Jul; 24: 1405-1412
96. Weycker D, Edelsberg J, Vincze G, et al. Risk of diabetes in a real-world setting among patients initiating antihypertensive therapy with valsartan or amlodipine. J Hum Hypertens 2007 May; 21: 374-380
97. Karalliedde J, Smith A, DeAngelis L, et al. Valsartan improves arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes independently of blood pressure lowering. Hypertension 2008 Apr 21; 51: 1617-1623
98. Aksnes TA, Kjeldsen SE, Rostrup M, et al. Impact of new-onset diabetes mellitus on cardiac outcomes in the Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation (VALUE) trial population. Hypertension 2007 Sep; 50: 467-473
99. Califf RM, Boolell M, Haffner SM, et al. Prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: rationale and design of the Nateglinide And Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research (NAVIGATOR) trial. Am Heart J 2008 Oct; 156: 623-632
100. Diovan HCT (valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide) tablets [prescribing information]. East Hanover (NJ): Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 2008 Jul
101. Malacco E, Piazza S, Scandiani L, et al. Effects of valsartan/ hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine on ambulatory blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine levels in high-risk hypertensive patients. Adv Ther 2004 May; 21: 149-161
102. Weir MR, Crikelair N, Levy D, et al. Evaluation of the dose response with valsartan and valsartan/hydrochloro-thiazide in patients with essential hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2007 Feb; 9: 103-112
103. Verdecchia P, Angeli F. Assessment of the optimal daily dose of valsartan in patients with hypertension, heart failure, or both. Clin Ther 2004 Apr; 26: 460-472
104. Brookman LJ, Rolan PE, Benjamin IS, et al. Pharmacokinetics of valsartan in patients with liver disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997 Sep; 62: 272-278
105. Prasad PP, Yeh CM, Gurrieri P, et al. Pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of valsartan in patients with heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2002 Nov; 40: 801-807