Prevalence and genetic variability of tick-borne encephalitis virus in host-seeking Ixodes ricinus in northern Italy

Journal of General Virology

Volumn 90, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 2877-2883

  Carpi, Giovanna ^a,b   Bertolotti, Luigi ^b   Rosati, Sergio ^b   Rizzoli, Annapaola ^a  

^a RESEARCH AND INNOVATION CENTRE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3' UNTRANSLATED REGION; ARTICLE; CODON; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENETIC VARIABILITY; ITALY; IXODES RICINUS; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENETIC TREE; PHYLOGENY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; TICK BORNE ENCEPHALITIS FLAVIVIRUS; VIRUS STRAIN;

ANIMALS; ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, TICK-BORNE; ENCEPHALITIS, TICK-BORNE; GENETIC VARIATION; HUMANS; ITALY; IXODES; PHYLOGENY; PREVALENCE; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; VIRAL ENVELOPE PROTEINS;

IXODES RICINUS; IXODIDA; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS;

EID: 70849105420     PISSN: 00221317     EISSN: 14652099     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.013367-0     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Akaike, H. (1973). Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In 2nd International Symposium on Information Theory, pp. 267-281. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
2. Beltrame, A., Ruscio, M., Cruciatti, B., Londero, A., Di Piazza, V., Copetti, R., Moretti, V., Rossi, P., Gigli, G. L. & other authors (2006). Tickborne encephalitis virus, northeastern Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 12, 1617-1619.
3. Cowling, D. W., Gardner, I. A. & Johnson, W. O. (1999). Comparison of methods for estimation of individual-level prevalence based on pooled samples. Prev Vet Med 39, 211-225.
4. Cruciatti, B., Beltrame, A., Ruscio, M., Viale, P. & Gigli, G. L. (2006). Neurological manifestation of tick-borne encephalitis in North- Eastern Italy. Neurol Sci 27, 122-124.
5. D'Agaro, P., Martinelli, E., Burgnich, P., Nazzi, F., Del Fabbro, S., Iob, A., Ruscio, M., Pischiutti, P. & Campello, C. (2009). Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus from a novel endemic area of North Eastern Italy. J Med Virol 81, 309-316.
6. Danielová, V., Holubová, J., Pejcoch, M. & Daniel, M. (2002). Potential significance of transovarial transmission in the circulation of tick-borne encephalitis virus. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 49, 323-325.
7. Floris, R., Altobelli, A., Boemo, B., Mignozzi, K. & Cinco, M. (2006). First detection of TBE virus sequences in Ixodes ricinus from Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). New Microbiol 29, 147-150.
8. Golovljova, I., Vene, S., Sjölander, K. B., Vasilenko, V., Plyusnin, A. & Lundkvist, A. (2004). Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus from Estonia. J Med Virol 74, 580-588.
9. Golovljova, I., Katargina, O., Geller, J., Tallo, T., Mittz?enkov, V., Vene, S., Nemirov, K., Kutsenko, A., Kilosanidze, G. & other authors (2008). Unique signature amino acid substitution in Baltic tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strains within the Siberian TBEV subtype. Int J Med Microbiol 298 (Suppl. 1), 108-120.
10. Gould, E. A. & Solomon, T. (2008). Pathogenic flaviviruses. Lancet 371, 500-509.
11. Gould, E. A., de Lamballerie, X., Zanotto, P. M. & Holmes, E. C. (2003). Origins, evolution, and vector/host coadaptations within the genus Flavivirus. Adv Virus Res 59, 277-314.
12. Gritsun, T. S. & Gould, E. A. (1995). Infectious transcripts of tick-borne encephalitis virus, generated in days by RT-PCR. Virology 214, 611-618.
13. Gritsun, T. S., Lashkevich, V. A. & Gould, E. A. (2003). Tick-borne encephalitis. Antiviral Res 57, 129-146.
14. Günther,G., Haglund, M., Lindquist, L., Skoldenberg, B. & Forsgren,M. (1997). Intrathecal IgM, IgA and IgG antibody response in tick-borne encephalitis. Long-term follow-up related to clinical course and outcome. Clin Diagn Virol 8, 17-29.
15. Haglund, M., Vene, S., Forsgren, M., Günther, G., Johansson, B., Niedrig, M., Plyusnin, A., Lindquist, L. & Lundkvist, A. (2003). Characterisation of human tick-borne encephalitis virus from Sweden. J Med Virol 71, 610-621.
16. Han, X., Aho, M., Vene, S., Peltomaa, M., Vaheri, A. & Vapalahti, O. (2001). Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Finland. J Med Virol 64, 21-28.
17. Hanada, K., Suzuki, Y. & Gojobori, T. (2004). A large variation in the rates of synonymous substitution for RNA viruses and its relationship to a diversity of viral infection and transmission modes. Mol Biol Evol 21, 1074-1080.
18. Hayasaka, D., Suzuki, Y., Kariwa, H., Ivanov, L., Volkov, V., Demenev, V., Mizutani, T., Gojobori, T. & Takashima, I. (1999). Phylogenetic and virulence analysis of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from Japan and far-eastern Russia. J Gen Virol 80, 3127-3135.
19. Hudson, P. J., Rizzoli, A., Rosà, R., Chemini, C., Jones, L. D. & Gould, E. A. (2001). Tick-borne encephalitis virus in northern Italy: molecular analysis, relationships with density and seasonal dynamics of Ixodes ricinus. Med Vet Entomol 15, 304-313.
20. Huelsenbeck, J. P., Ronquist, F., Nielsen, R. & Bollback, J. P. (2001). Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology. Science 294, 2310-2314.
21. Labuda, M., Nuttall, P. A., Kozuch, O., Elecková, E., Williams, T., Zuffová, E. & Sabó, A. (1993). Non-viremic transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus: a mechanism for arbovirus survival in nature. Experientia 49, 802-805.
22. Labuda, M., Kozuch, O., Zuffová, E., Elecková, E., Hails, R. S. & Nuttall, P. A. (1997). Tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission between ticks cofeeding on specific immune natural rodent hosts. Virology 235, 138-143.
23. Lundkvist, A., Vene, S., Golovljova, I., Mavtchoutko, V., Forsgren, M., Kalnina, V. & Plyusnin, A. (2001). Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus from Latvia: evidence for co-circulation of three distinct subtypes. J Med Virol 65, 730-735.
24. Manilla, G. (1998). Fauna d'Italia, Acari Ixodida, vol. XXXVI. Bologna, Italy: Edizioni Calderini.
25. Marin, M. S., Zanotto, P. M., Gritsun, T. S. & Gould, E. A. (1995). Phylogeny of TYU, SRE, and CFA virus: different evolutionary rates in the genus Flavivirus. Virology 206, 1133-1139.
26. Melik, W., Nilsson, S. A. & Johansson, M. (2007). Detection strategies of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Swedish Ixodes ricinus reveal evolutionary characteristics of emerging tick-borne flaviviruses. Arch Virol 152, 1027-1034.
27. Nei, M. (1987). Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. New York: Columbia University Press.
28. Pedrini, P., Rossi, F., Rizzolli, F. & Spina, F. (2008). Le Alpi italiane quale barriera ecologica nel corso della migrazione post-riproduttiva attraverso l'Europa. Risultati generali della prima fase del Progetto Alpi (1997-2002). Biol Cons Fauna 116, 183-184 (in Italian).
29. Perkins, S. E., Cattadori, I. M., Tagliapietra, V., Rizzoli, A. P. & Hudson, P. J. (2003). Empirical evidence for key hosts in persistence of a tick-borne disease. Int J Parasitol 33, 909-917.
30. Posada, D. & Crandall, K. A. (1998). MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14, 817-818.
31. Posada, D. & Crandall, K. A. (2001). Selecting the best-fit model of nucleotide substitution. Syst Biol 50, 580-601.
32. Randolph, S. E. (2006). EDEN - emerging diseases in a changing European environment: tick-borne diseases. Int J Med Microbiol 296 (Suppl. 1), 84-86.
33. Randolph, S. E., Gern, L. & Nuttall, P. A. (1996). Co-feeding ticks: epidemiological significance for tick-borne pathogen transmission. Parasitol Today 12, 472-479.
34. Randolph, S. E., Miklisová, D., Lysy, J., Rogers, D. J. & Labuda, M. (1999). Incidence from coincidence: patterns of tick infestations on rodents facilitate transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus. Parasitology 118, 177-186.
35. Randolph, S. E., Asokliene, L., Avsic-Zupanc, T., Bormane, A., Burri, C., Gern, L., Golovljova, I., Hubalek, Z., Knap, N. & other authors (2008). Variable spikes in tick-borne encephalitis incidence in 2006 independent of variable tick abundance but related to weather. Parasit Vectors 1, 44.
36. Rizzoli, A., Hauffe, H. C., Tagliapietra, V., Neteler, M. & Rosa', R. (2009). Forest structure and roe deer abundance predict tick-borne encephalitis risk in Italy PLoS ONE 4, e4336. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0004336.
37. Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2003). MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19, 1572-1574.
38. Rosà, R., Pugliese, A., Ghosh, M., Perkins, S. E. & Rizzoli, A. (2007). Temporal variation of Ixodes ricinus intensity on the rodent host Apodemus flavicollis in relation to local climate and host dynamics. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7, 285-295.
39. Schrader, C. & Süss, J. (1999). A nested RT-PCR for the detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks in natural foci. Zentralbl Bakteriol 289, 319-328.
40. Schwaiger, M. & Cassinotti, P. (2003). Development of a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay with internal control for the laboratory detection of tick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA. J Clin Virol 27, 136-145.
41. Skarpaas, T., Golovljova, I., Vene, S., Ljostad, U., Sjursen, H., Plyusnin, A. & Lundkvist, A. (2006). Tickborne encephalitis virus, Norway and Denmark. Emerg Infect Dis 12, 1136-1138.
42. Süss, J. (2003). Epidemiology and ecology of TBE relevant to the production of effective vaccines. Vaccine 21 (Suppl. 1), S19-S35.
43. Süss, J., Klaus, C., Diller, R., Schrader, C., Wohanka, N. & Abel, U. (2006). TBE incidence versus virus prevalence and increased prevalence of the TBE virus in Ixodes ricinus removed from humans. Int J Med Microbiol 296 (Suppl. 40), 63-68.
44. Suzuki, Y. (2007). Multiple transmissions of tick-borne encephalitis virus between Japan and Russia. Genes Genet Syst 82, 187-195.
45. Swofford, D. (2003). PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
46. Thiel, H. J., Collett, M. S., Gould, E. A., Heinz, F. X., Houghton, M., Meyers, G., Purcell, R. H. & Rice, C. (2005). Family Flaviviridae. In Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature. Eighth Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses, pp. 981-998. Edited by C. M. Fauquet, M. A. Mayo, J. Maniloff, U. Desselberger & L. A. Ball. London/San Diego, CA: Elsevier/Academic Press.
47. Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G. (1997). The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25, 4876-4882.
48. Waldenström, J., Lundkvist, A., Falk, K. I., Garpmo, U., Bergström, S., Lindegren, G., Sjöstedt, A., Mejlon, H., Fransson, T. & other authors (2007). Migrating birds and tick-borne encephalitis virus. Emerg Infect Dis 13, 1215-1218.
49. Weaver, S. C. (2006). Evolutionary influences in arboviral disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 299, 285-314.
50. Xu, G., Fang, Q. Q., Sun, Y., Keirans, J. E. & Durden, L. A. (2005). Hard tick calreticulin (CRT) gene coding regions have only one intron with conserved positions and variable sizes. J Parasitol 91, 1326-1331.
51. Zanotto, P. M., Gould, E. A., Gao, G. F., Harvey, P. H. & Holmes, E. C. (1996). Population dynamics of flaviviruses revealed by molecular phylogenies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93, 548-553.