Unlocking the benefits of cocoa flavanols

Food Technology

Volumn 63, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 34-41

  Wallace, Taylor C ^a   Maky, Wagner ^b   Gilbert, Leveille ^c   Keen, Cari L ^d   Woteki, Catillrine E ^e   Charles, Manley ^f   Rizr, Steven W ^e   David, Beber ^g   Shrikhande, Anil J ^h  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Mars Botanical   (United States)

^c Wrigleu Science Institute   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e MARS INC   (United States)

^f Mars Snackfood US ^*  (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^h Research and Development   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; THEOBROMA CACAO;

EID: 70450163115     PISSN: 00156639     EISSN: None     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Balzer, J., Rassaf. T., Heiss, C., Kleinbongard, P., Lauer,T, Merx, M., Heussen, N., Gross, H.B, Keen, C.L., Schroeter, H., and Keim M. 2008. Sustained benefits in vascular function through flavanol-containing cocoa in medicated diabetic patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 51:2141-2149
2. Buijsse, B., Feskens, E.J.M., Kok, F.J., and Kromhout, D. 2006. Cocoa intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular mortality. Arch. Intern. Med. 166:411-417
3. CFR. 2006. Code of Federal Regulations. 21 CFR101.14(b)(3)(ii).
4. Ding, E.L., Hutfless, S.M., Ding, X., and Girotra, S. 2006. Chocolate prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Nutr. Metab. 3:1-12.
5. Fisher, N.D.L. and Hollenberg, N.K. 2006. Aging and vascular responses to flavanol-rich cocoa. J. Hypertension. 24(8): 1575-1580
6. Heber, D. 2009. Putting out the fire within: pomegranates and plant flavanols effects beyond antioxidation. Presentation at the 2009 Ann. Mtg. Inst. Food Technologists, Anaheim, Calif., June 8.
7. Heiss, C., Finis, D., Kleinbongard, P., Hoffman, A., Rassaf.T., Kelm, M., and Sies, H. 2007. Sustained increase in flow-mediated dialaution after daily intake of high-fiavanol cocoa drink over 1 week. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 49(2): 74-80.
8. Hertog, MG.L., Kromhout, D., Aravanis, C., Blackburn, H., Buzina, R., Fidanza, F., Giampaoli, S., Jansen, A., Menotti, A., Nedeljkovic, S., Pekkarinen, M., Simic, B.S., Toshima, H., Feskens, E.J.M., Hollman, P.C.H., and Katan, M.B. 1995. Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the seven countries study. Arch. Intern. Med. 155: 381-386
9. Hollenberg, N.K., Martinez, G., McCuHough, M., Meinking,T., Passan, D., Preston, M., Rivera, A.,Tapun, D., andVicariaClement, M. 1997. Aging, acculturation, salt intake, and hypertension in the Kuna of Panama. Hypertension 29: 171-176
10. Hollenberg, N.K., Rivera, A., Meinking.T, Martinez, G., McCullough, M., Passan, D., Preston, M.,Taplin, D., and Vicaria-Clement, M. 1999. Age, renal perfusion and function in island-dwelling indigenous Kuna Amerinds of Panama. Nephron 82:131-138 (Pubitemid 29263972)
11. Holt, R.R., Lazarus, S.A., Sullards, M.C, Zhu, Q. Y., Schramm, D.D., Hammerstone, J.F., Fraga, C.G., Schmitz, H.H., and Keen, CL. 2002. Procyanidin dimer B2 [epicatechin-(4ß-8)-epicatechin] in human plasma after the consumption of a flavanol-rich cocoa. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76(4): 798-804.
12. IFT. 2005. Functional foods: Opportunities and challenges. An expert report of the Inst, of Food Technologists, Chicago, ill.
13. Ihm, S.H., Ue, J.O., Kim, S.J., Seung, K.B., Schini-Kerth, YB., Chang, K., and Oak, M.H. 2009. Catechin prevents endothelial dysfunction in the prediabetic stage of OLETF rats by reducing vascular NADPH oxidase activity and expression. Atherosclerosis (in press).
14. Kitta.Y., Obata, J., Nakamura.T, Hirano, M., Kodama.Y., Fuijoka, D., Saito.Y., Kawabata, K., Sano, K., Kobayashi, T., Yano, T., Nakamura, K., and Kugiyama, K. 2009. Persistent impairment of endothelial vasomotor function has a negative impact on outcome in patients with coronary artery disease. J. Amer. Coll. Cardiology 53: 323-330.
15. Mink, P.J., Scrafford, C.G., Barraj, L.M., Harnack, L., Hong, C.P., Nettleton, J.A., and Jacobs, D.R. 2007. Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 85: 895-909.
16. Pantuck, A.J., Leppert, J.T, Aronson.W., Hong J., Banard, R.J., Seeram N., Liker, H., Wang, H., Elashoff, R., Heber, D., Aviram, M., Ignarro, L., and Belldegrun, A. 2006. Phase II study of pomegranate juice for men with rising prostate-specific antigen following surgery or radiation for prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 12: 4018-4026
17. Pearson, D.A., Holt, R.R., Rein, D., Paglieroni.T, Schmitz, H.H., and Keen, C.L. 2005. Flavanols and platelet reactivity. Clin. Develop. Immunol. 12(1): 1-9.
18. Schroeter, H., Heiss, C., Baker, J., Kleinbdngard, P., Keen, C.L., Hollenberg, N.K., Sies, H., Kwik-Uribe, C., Schmitz, H.H., and KeIm, M. 2006. (-)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 103: 1024-1029
19. Sorond, F.A., Lipsitz, L.A., Hollenberg, N.K., and Fisher, N.D. 2008. Cerebral blood flow response to flavanol-rich cocoa in healthy elderly humans. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 4(2): 433-440
20. Stahl, L., Miller, K.B., Apgar, J., Sweigart, D.S., Stuart, D.A., McHale, N., Ou, B., Kondo, M., and Hurst, WJ. Preservation of cocoa antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, flavan-3-ols, and procyanidin content in foods prepared with cocoa powder. 2009. J. Food Sei. 74(6): C456-61.
21. Vasan, R.S. 2006. Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: Molecular basis and practical considerations. Circulation 113: 2335-2362. (Pubitemid 43947980)