The banal national party: The routine nature of legitimacy

Patterns of Prejudice

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 142-160

  Rhodes, James ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Banality; British national party; Burnley; Legitimacy; Narratives; Racism

Indexed keywords

EID: 70450091365     PISSN: 0031322X     EISSN: 14617331     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00313220902793898     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Douglas R. Holmes, Integral Europe: Fast-Capitalism, Multiculturalism, Neofascism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 2000).
2. Nigel Copsey, 'Changing course or changing clothes? Reflections on the ideological evolution of the British National Party 1999-2006', Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 41, no. 1, 2007, 61-82.
3. Nigel Copsey, 'Contemporary fascism in the local arena: the BNP and "rights for Whites"', in Mike Cronin (ed.), The Failure of British Fascism: The Far Right and the Fight for Political Recognition (Basingstoke: Macmillan 1996), 118-40
4. Holmes, Integral Europe.
5. Nick Lowles, 'BNP profiting from hate', Searchlight, July 2001.
6. Nigel Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest For Legitimacy (Basingstoke: Palgrave 2004).
7. Roger Eatwell, 'The extreme right in Britain: the long road to "modernization"', in Roger Eatwell and Cas Mudde (eds), Western Democracies and the New Extreme Right Challenge (London: Routledge 2004), 62-79.
8. Matthew J. Goodwin, 'The extreme right in Britain: still an "ugly duckling" but for how long?', Political Quarterly, vol. 78, no. 2, 2007, 241-50.
9. Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism; Eatwell, 'The extreme right in Britain'.
10. Les Back, 'Guess who's coming to dinner? The political morality of investigating whiteness in the gray zone', in Vron Ware and Les Back, Out of Whiteness: Color, Politics, and Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2002), 33-59 (36).
11. Ibid., 35 (emphasis added).
12. Ibid., 38-40.
13. Les Back, 'Aryans reading Adorno: cyber-culture and twenty-first-century racism', Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 25, no. 4, 2002, 628-51 (641).
14. Les Back, Tim Crabbe and John Solomos, 'Beyond the racist/hooligan couplet: race, social theory and football culture', British Journal of Sociology, vol. 50, no. 3, 1999, 419-42.
15. Michael Billig, Banal Nationalism (London: Sage 1995).
16. Ibid., 5.
17. Ibid., 6 (emphases added).
18. Nigel Copsey, 'Meeting the challenge of contemporary British fascism? The Labour Party's response to the National Front and the British National Party', in Nigel Copsey and David Renton (eds), British Fascism, the Labour Movement and the State (Basingstoke: Palgrave 2005), 182-202 (193-4).
19. Goodwin, 'The extreme right in Britain', 248.
20. Peter John, Helen Margetts, David Rowland and Stuart Weir, The BNP: The Roots of Its Appeal (Colchester, Essex: Democratic Audit, Human Rights Centre, University of Essex 2006), 7.
21. Ibid., 8.
22. Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism; Eatwell, 'The extreme right in Britain'.
23. Goodwin, 'The extreme right in Britain'.
24. Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism, 55.
25. Holmes, Integral Europe, 142.
26. Ibid., 126.
27. Ibid., 141-2.
28. Ibid., 122.
29. Billig, Banal Nationalism.
30. Georgie Wemyss, 'The power to tolerate: contests over Britishness and belonging in East London', Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 40, no. 3, 2006, 215-36.
31. Roland Robertson, 'Glocalization: time-space and homogeneity-heterogeneity', in Mike Featherstone, Scott Lash and Roland Robertson (eds), Global Modernities (London: Sage 1995), 25-44 (30).
32. Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1996), 8.
33. Robertson, 'Glocalization', 28.
34. John Eade (ed.), Living the Global City: Globalization as Local Process (London: Routledge 1997), 3.
35. Les Back, The Art of Listening (Oxford: Berg 2007), 34.
36. Roger Hewitt, Routes of Racism: The Social Basis of Racist Action (Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books 1996), 30-1.
37. Michael Billig, Susan Condor, Derek Edwards, Mike Gane, David Middleton and Alan Radley, Ideological Dilemmas: A Social Psychology of Everyday Thinking (London: Sage 1988).
38. Teun A. van Dijk, Prejudice in Discourse: An Analysis of Ethnic Prejudice in Cognition and Conversation (Amsterdam: John Benjamins 1984).
39. The documentary was broadcast on BBC1, 15 July 2004.
40. Matthew Taylor, 'BNP leaders may face charges after TV exposé of racism', Guardian, 15 July 2004.
41. 'BNP duo to face race hate retrial', BBC News Online, 3 February 2006, available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_yorkshire/4672792.stm (viewed 21 January 2009).
42. Nick Lowles, 'Red, white and blue festival ends up black and blue', Searchlight, September 2003.
43. 'BNP leader jailed for ballot fraud', Independent, 17 January 2002.
44. 'BNP man in quit call over assault', Lancashire Evening Telegraph, 15 February 2005.
45. 'BNP councillor to answer race abuse charge', Burnley Express, 25 November 2005.
46. Searchlight, Vote Hope Not Hate, Thursday, 4 May 2006, pamphlet distributed in Burnley.
47. David Renton, '"A day to make history"? The 2004 elections and the British National Party', Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 39, no. 1, 2005, 25-45 (40-1).
48. See also James Rhodes, 'The "local" politics of the British National Party', Sage Race Relations Abstracts, vol. 31, no. 4, 2006, 5-20 (15).
49. Copsey, 'Meeting the challenge of contemporary British fascism?', 192.
50. Ibid., 193-4.
51. 'Lessons from the May election', Identity, no. 79, June 2007, 11.
52. Back, Crabbe and Solomos, 'Beyond the racist/hooligan couplet', 428 (emphasis added).
53. This has also been a criticism of the anti-fascist movement in Britain, which fails to engage with more common and everyday forms of racism; see, for example, Alastair Bonnett, Anti-Racism (London: Routledge 2000), 108-11.
54. John, Margetts, Rowland and Weir, The BNP, 14.
55. Sue Madigan, '"We're just normal people" say BNP trio', Burnley Express, 7 May 2002, 8.
56. Renton, '"A day to make history"?'.
57. Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism, 149.
58. Steven Smith, How It Was Done: The Rise of Burnley BNP: The Inside Story (Burnley: Cliviger Press 2004), 45 (emphasis added).
59. Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism, 142.
60. Julia Day, 'BNP sponsors football team', Guardian, 12 September 2002.
61. 'The BNP's battle for Barking has begun', Voice of Freedom, February 2005, 8.
62. Esther Addley, 'On the stump with the BNP', Guardian, 30 April 2003.
63. Holmes, Integral Europe, 141-2.
64. Caroline Knowles, Race and Social Analysis (London: Sage 2003), 25.
65. Phil Cohen, 'All white on the night? Narratives of nativism on the Isle of Dogs', in Tim Butler and Michael Rustin (eds), Rising in the East? The Regeneration of East London (London: Lawrence and Wishart 1996), 179-96 (194).
66. Knowles, Race and Social Analysis, 89.
67. Les Back and Michael Keith, '"Rights and wrongs": youth, community and narratives of racial violence', in Phil Cohen (ed.), New Ethnicities, Old Racisms? (London: Zed Books 1999), 131-62 (145).
68. Derek McGhee, Intolerant Britain? Hate, Citizenship and Difference (Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press 2005).
69. Sara Ahmed, Strange Encounters: Embodied Others in Post-Coloniality (London: Routledge 2000), 7.