"Better than the real world". On the reality and meaning of online computer games

Fabula

Volumn 48, Issue 3-4, 2007, Pages 250-269

  Aupers, Stef ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70449886643     PISSN: 00146242     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/FABL.2007.020     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (66)

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3. During, Simon: Modern Enchantments. The Cultural Power of Secular Magic. London 2002, 50
4. See for similar statements Kelly, R.V. 2: Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games. Jefferson/London 2004
5. Castronova, Edward: Synthetic Worlds. The Business and Culture of Online Games. Chicago/London 2005
6. Coleridge (above, note 2)
7. During (above, note 3) 49
8. Bartle, Richard: Designing Virtual Worlds. Berkeley 2003, 61f
9. Davis, Erik: TechGnosis. Myth, Magic and Mysticism in the Age of Information. London 1999, 207
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12. Curry (above, note 9) 25
13. see also Schick, Theodore: The Cracks of Doom. The Threat of Emerging Technologies and Tolkien's Rings of Power. In: The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy, eds. Gregory Bassham/Eric Bronson. Chicago 2003, 21-32
14. Kraus, Joe: Tolkien, Modernism, and the Importance of Tradition. ibid., 137-149
15. Tolkien (above, note 10) 21
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18. Roszak, Theodore: From Satori to Silicon Valley (http://library.stanford. edu/mac/primary/docs/satori [last access July 8, 2007])
19. Levy (above, note 14) 40-43
20. Davis (above, note 8) 208
21. Fine, Gary Alan: Shared Fantasy. Role-Playing Games as Social Worlds. Chicago 1983, 123
22. cf. Montford, Nick: Twisty Little Passages. An Approach to Interactive Fiction. Cambridge/London 2003
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24. King, Brad/Borland, John: Dungeons and Dreamers. The Rise of Computer Game Culture. From Geek to Chic. New York/Chicago 2003, 31
25. Levy (above, note 14) 40
26. Richard Bartle interviewed by GameSpy 2003 (http://archive.gamespy.com/ dreamers/bartle [last access July 8, 2007])
27. Allison (above, note 22) 25
28. King/Borland (above, note 23)
29. Castronova (above, note 4)
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31. Woodcock (above, note 28)
32. Bill Trost interviewed by GameSpy 2003 (http://archive.gamespy.com/ dreamers/trost [last access July 8, 2007])
33. cf. Castronova (above, note 4)
34. Yee, Nick: The Psychology of Massively Multi-User Online Role-Playing Games. Motivations, Emotional Investment, Relationships and Problematic Usage. In: Avatars at Work and Play. Collaboration and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments. eds. Ralph Schreuder/Ann-Sofie Axelsson. Dordrecht 2006, 187-208
35. Castronova (above, note 4) 59
36. Retrieved from a World of Warcraft discussion forum, February 2005 (through e-mail)
37. Kelly (above, note 4)
38. Castronova (above, note 4) 70f
39. The game manuals of World of Warcraft (Blizzard Entertainment, 2004) and Everquest (Sony Online Entertainment, 2004) used for the analysis are small books provided with the gaming software. The manuals of Ultima Online (Electronic Arts Inc.) and Dark Age of Camelot (Mythic Entertainment) are retrieved from the Internet (http://guide.uo. com, January 2005 and http://daoc.goa.com, March 2005, respectively). Unless indicated otherwise, all quotes in the following section are derived from these four manuals
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43. cf. Aupers, Stef: In de ban van moderniteit. De sacralisering van het zelf en computer-technologie. Amsterdam 2004
44. id./Houtman, D.: Beyond the Spiritual Supermarket. The Social and Public Significance of New Age Spirituality. In: Journal of Contemporary Religion 21,2 (2006) 201-222
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47. th Bled Electronic Conference, June 25-26, 2001 (http://web.skriver.nu/norberg_lundblad_bled.pdf, p. 3 [last access July 8, 2007])
48. Yee (above, note 32)
49. Marks, Robert B.: Everquest Companion. The Inside Lore of a Game World. New York/Chicago 2003
50. Kolo/Baur (above, note 38)
51. Marks (above, note 44)
52. th International Digital Arts and Culture Conference in Melbourne, 2003 (http://hypertext.rmit.edu.au/dac/ papers/Jakobsson.pdf, p. 88 [last access July 8, 2007])
53. Durkheim, Emile: Suicide. A Study in Sociology. London/New York 2002, 356f
54. cf. Putnam, Robert: Bowling Alone. The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York 2000
55. Nisbet, Robert: The Sociological Tradition. London 1980, 17
56. Durkheim (above, note 48) 357
57. Quoted in Yee (above, note 32)
58. Yee, Nicholas: The Labor of Fun. How Video Games Blur the Boundaries of Work and Play. In: Games and Culture 1,1 (2006) 68-71, here 68
59. Kelly (above, note 4) 97
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63. Baudrillard, Jean: Simulacra and Simulations. Ann Arbor, Mich. 2000, 160
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66. Baudrillard, Jean: Symbolic Exchange and Death. London 1993, 74