Surgical Conditions of the Diaphragm: Anatomy and Physiology

Thoracic Surgery Clinics

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 419-429

  Anraku, Masaki ^a   Shargall, Yaron ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Anatomy; Diaphragm; Physiology; Surgery; Surgical incisions

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL AORTA; ANATOMY; BREATHING; DIAPHRAGM; DIAPHRAGM INJURY; DIAPHRAGM PARALYSIS; EMBRYOLOGY; ESOPHAGUS; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; HEMIDIAPHRAGM; HUMAN; HYDROTHORAX; INFERIOR CAVA VEIN; INNERVATION; INTERCOSTAL NERVE; LYMPHATIC SYSTEM; PHRENIC NERVE; PHYSIOLOGY; PLEURODESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SURGICAL ANATOMY; SWALLOWING; VASCULARIZATION; VOMITING;

DIAPHRAGM; HUMANS; RESPIRATORY MECHANICS; TENDONS; THORACIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES;

EID: 70449730869     PISSN: 15474127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2009.08.002     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Arora N.S., and Rochester D.F. Effect of body weight and muscularity on human diaphragm muscle mass, thickness, and area. J Appl Phys 52 1 (1982) 64-70
2. Pacia E.B., and Aldrich T.K. Assessment of diaphragm function. Chest Surg Clin N Am 8 2 (1998) 225-236
3. Schumpelick V., Steinau G., Schluper I., et al. Surgical embryology and anatomy of the diaphragm with surgical applications. Surg Clin North Am 80 1 (2000) 213-239
4. Pickering M., and Jones J.F. The diaphragm: two physiological muscles in one. J Anat 201 4 (2002) 305-312
5. De Troyer A., Sampson M., Sigrist S., et al. The diaphragm: two muscles. Science 213 4504 (1981) 237-238
6. Skandalakis P.N., Skandalakis J.E., Skandalakis L.J., et al. Surgical anatomy of the diaphragm. In: Fischer J.E., and Bland K.I. (Eds). Mastery of surgery. 5th edition (2006), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 598-618
7. Hussain S.N., and Magder S. Diaphragmatic intramuscular pressure in relation to tension, shortening, and blood flow. J Appl Phys 71 1 (1991) 159-167
8. Robertson C.H., Eschenbacher W.L., Johnson R.L., et al. Respiratory muscle blood flow distribution during expiratory resistance. J Clin Invest 60 (1977) 473-480
9. Supinski G.S., DiMarco A.F., and Altose M.D. Effect of diaphragmatic contraction on intramuscular pressure and vascular impedance. J Appl Phys 68 4 (1990) 1486-1493
10. Buchler B., Magder S., Katsardis H., et al. Effects of pleural pressure and abdominal pressure on diaphragmatic blood flow. J Appl Phys 58 3 (1985) 691-697
11. Venuta F., and Rendina E.A. Diaphragm: anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology. In: Patterson G.A., Pearson F.G., Cooper J.D., et al. (Eds). Pearson's thoracic and esophageal surgery. 3rd edition (2008), Elsevier, St. Louis (MO) 1367-1379
12. Fell S.C. Surgical anatomy of the diaphragm and the phrenic nerve. Chest Surg Clin N Am 8 2 (1998) 281-294
13. Kirchner P.A. Porous diaphragmatic syndromes. Chest Surg Clin N Am 8 (1998) 449-472
14. De Troyer A., and Estenne M. Functional anatomy of the respiratory muscles. Clin Chest Med 9 2 (1988) 175-193
15. Rochester D.F. The diaphragm: contractile properties and fatigue. J Clin Invest 75 5 (1985) 1397-1402
16. Lieberman D.A., Faulkner J.A., Craig Jr. A.B., et al. Performance and histochemical composition of guinea pig and human diaphragm. J Appl Phys 34 2 (1973) 233-237
17. Geiger P.C., Cody M.J., Macken R.L., et al. Maximum specific force depends on myosin heavy chain content in rat diaphragm muscle fibers. J Appl Phys 89 2 (2000) 695-703
18. Poole D.C., Sexton W.L., Farkas G.A., et al. Diaphragm structure and function in health and disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29 6 (1997) 738-754
19. Brochard L., Harf A., Lorino H., et al. Inspiratory pressure support prevents diaphragmatic fatigue during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis 139 2 (1989) 513-521
20. Pourriat J.L., Lamberto C., Hoang P.H., et al. Diaphragmatic fatigue and breathing pattern during weaning from mechanical ventilation in COPD patients. Chest 90 5 (1986) 703-707
21. Levine S., Nguyen T., Taylor N., et al. Rapid disuse atrophy of diaphragm fibers in mechanically ventilated humans. N Engl J Med 358 13 (2008) 1327-1335
22. Barreiro E., de la Puente B., Minguella J., et al. Oxidative stress and respiratory muscle dysfunction in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171 10 (2005) 1116-1124
23. Ottenheijm C.A., Heunks L.M., and Dekhuijzen P.N. Diaphragm muscle fiber dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: toward a pathophysiological concept. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175 12 (2007) 1233-1240
24. Levine S., Nguyen T., Kaiser L.R., et al. Human diaphragm remodeling associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clinical implications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168 6 (2003) 706-713
25. Miller A.D. Respiratory muscle control during vomiting. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 68 2 (1990) 237-241
26. Mittal R.K. The crural diaphragm, an external lower esophageal sphincter: a definitive study. Gastroenterology 105 5 (1993) 1565-1567