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1
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70449675972
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, 6 October, S/RES/1325 (2000)
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, 6 October 2000, S/RES/1325 (2000).
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2
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70449685114
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What if Patriarchy Is 'The Big Picture'? An Afterword
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ed. Dyan Mazurana, Angela Raven-Roberts, and Jane Parpart (New York: Rowman and Littlefield
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Cynthia Enloe, What if Patriarchy Is 'The Big Picture'? An Afterword, in Gender, Conflict, and Peacekeeping, ed. Dyan Mazurana, Angela Raven-Roberts, and Jane Parpart (New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005), 280-83.
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Mary Caprioli, Gendered Conflict, Journal of Peace Research 37, no. 1 (January 2000): 51-68.
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70449574227
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Introduction to Security Studies: Feminist Contributions
-
As discussed in the introduction of this special issue, feminists critique the human security approach's failure to recognize the humans as gendered. See
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As discussed in the introduction of this special issue, feminists critique the human security approach's failure to recognize the humans as gendered. See Laura Sjoberg, Introduction to Security Studies: Feminist Contributions, Security Studies 18(2): 206.
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Security Studies
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, Issue.2
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Sjoberg, L.1
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Current Discourse on the Role of Women in Conflict Prevention and Conflict Transformation: A Critique
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Louise Vincent, Current Discourse on the Role of Women in Conflict Prevention and Conflict Transformation: A Critique, Conflict Trends no. 3 (2003): 5-10.
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Vincent, L.1
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11544304431
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Feminist Theory and International Relations
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Referring to the add women and stir notion coined by, ed. Mike Bowker and Robin Brown (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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Referring to the add women and stir notion coined by Marysia Zalewski, Feminist Theory and International Relations, in From Cold War to Collapse: Theory and World Politics in the 1980s, ed. Mike Bowker and Robin Brown (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 116.
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From Cold War to Collapse: Theory and World Politics in the 1980s
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Zalewski, M.1
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21344438031
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Identity, Interests and Ideology: The Gendered Terrain of Global Restructuring
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ed. Steven Gill (New York: United Nations University Press
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Isabella Bakker, Identity, Interests and Ideology: The Gendered Terrain of Global Restructuring, in Globalization, Democratization and Multilateralism, ed. Steven Gill (New York: United Nations University Press, 1997), 127-39, 135.
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Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses
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For example, Autumn
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For example, Chandra Mohanty, Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses, Feminist Review 30, no.1 (Autumn 1988): 61-88.
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Feminist Review
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Mohanty, C.1
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Feminist Perspectives on 9/11
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J. Ann Tickner, Feminist Perspectives on 9/11, International Studies Perspectives 3, no. 4 (November 2002): 333-50.
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International Studies Perspectives
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Tickner, J.A.1
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33745604066
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note
-
It must be noted that feminist criticisms against Western feminism come from many circles: that is, not only from the developing world, African, or Asian women, but also from Western women who-on the basis of religion, race, or class-feel excluded from the lily-white middle-class discourse. See in this regard black feminist work such as Beverly Guy-Sheftall, ed. Words of Fire: An Anthology of African American Feminist Thought (New York: The New Press, 1995)
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(1995)
Words of Fire: An Anthology of African American Feminist Thought
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17
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0003433962
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New York: Routledge, note
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Patricia Hill-Collins, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment (New York: Routledge, 1991). Central themes include black women's interlocking oppressions of race, class, and gender as well as a critique of white feminism. In an African context, the work of Amina Mama-author of, amongst others, Beyond the Masks: Race, Gender and Subjectivity (New York: Routledge, 1995) stands out for its contribution to feminist theory and the discourse of the interconnectedness of subjectivity. From 2001 to 2003, the feminist journal Agenda devoted three special issues to the main currents and manifestations of African feminisms.
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(1991)
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment
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Hill-Collins, P.1
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18
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70449675964
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Gender, Peace-building and Post-conflict Reconstruction in Africa: Breaking the Chain Between Inequality and Violence
-
eds., Dirk Kotzé and Hussein Solomon (Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa
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Heidi Hudson, Gender, Peace-building and Post-conflict Reconstruction in Africa: Breaking the Chain Between Inequality and Violence, in Post-conflict Reconstruction and Development: Lessons for Africa, eds., Dirk Kotzé and Hussein Solomon (Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, 2008), 9-29, 13.
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Post-conflict Reconstruction and Development: Lessons for Africa
, vol.13
, pp. 9-29
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Hudson, H.1
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20
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85045167059
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African Feminist Discourse: A Review Essay
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Also see, Guy-Sheftall also offers a useful outline of what African feminist discourse entails
-
Also see Beverly Guy-Sheftall, African Feminist Discourse: A Review Essay, Agenda no. 58 (2003): 31-35. Guy-Sheftall also offers a useful outline of what African feminist discourse entails.
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(2003)
Agenda
, Issue.58
, pp. 31-35
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Guy-Sheftall, B.1
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21
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85107062363
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Transcending Incongruities: Rethinking Feminism and the Dynamics of Identity in Africa
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The term womanism was coined by Alice Walker in In Search of Our Mother's Garden: Womanist Prose (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983)
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Mary M. Kolawole, Transcending Incongruities: Rethinking Feminism and the Dynamics of Identity in Africa, Agenda no. 54 (2002): 92-98. The term womanism was coined by Alice Walker in In Search of Our Mother's Garden: Womanist Prose (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983).
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Agenda
, Issue.54
, pp. 92-98
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African Journal on Conflict Resolution
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note
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Article 18 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights calls on all states to eliminate every form of discrimination against women and to ensure the protection of women's rights as stipulated in international declarations and conventions, accessed at http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/z1afchar.htm, 5 May 2008.
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27
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Introduction: Gender, Conflict, and Peacekeeping
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with Sue Lautze, eds., Mazurana, Raven-Roberts, and Parpart (New York: Rowman and Littlefield
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Dyan Mazurana, Angela Raven-Roberts, and Jane Parpart with Sue Lautze, Introduction: Gender, Conflict, and Peacekeeping, in Gender, Conflict, and Peacekeeping, eds., Mazurana, Raven-Roberts, and Parpart (New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005), 1-26.
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Mazurana, D.1
Raven-Roberts, A.2
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Involving Women in Peace Processes: Lessons from Four African Countries (Burundi, DRC, Liberia and Sierra Leone)
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Porter, E.1
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70449683501
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Women's involvement in informal grassroots peacebuilding (for example, through interclan marriage, acting as intermediaries between opposing clans) was completely overlooked. See, New York: Dag Hammarskjöld Centre
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Women's involvement in informal grassroots peacebuilding (for example, through interclan marriage, acting as intermediaries between opposing clans) was completely overlooked. See Tom Woodhouse and Tamara Duffey, Peacekeeping and International Conflict Resolution (New York: Dag Hammarskjöld Centre, 2000).
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Against Androgeny
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The Aftermath: Women in Post-Conflict Transformation
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Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People's Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, adopted by the Conference of Heads of State and Government, Maputo, Mozambique, African Union, July 2003, available at http://www.achpr.org/english/info/womenen.html.
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70449655522
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note
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For example, the 2003 Liberian Peace Agreement.
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43
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Gender Mainstreaming in Peace Building Process
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ed. Kari Karamé (Oslo: NUPI
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Kari Karamé, Gender Mainstreaming in Peace Building Process, in Gender and Peace-building in Africa, ed. Kari Karamé (Oslo: NUPI, 2004), 11-26, 12.
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Karamé, K.1
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10344258711
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Gender balance thus refers to the degree to which women and men participate within the full range of activities within any organization. See
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Gender balance thus refers to the degree to which women and men participate within the full range of activities within any organization. See Mazurana, Raven-Roberts, and Parpart, Gender, Conflict, and Peacekeeping, 13.
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Gender, Conflict, and Peacekeeping
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Deconstructing Gendered Power Relations in Participatory Planning: Towards an Empowering Feminist Framework of Participation and Action
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recommendations for policy and practice from the NUPI-Fafo Forum on Gender Relations in Post-Conflict Transitions, Fafo Report 352, accessed at, 14 July
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Kari H. Karamé, Gendering Human Security: From Marginalisation to the Integration of Women in Peace-Building, recommendations for policy and practice from the NUPI-Fafo Forum on Gender Relations in Post-Conflict Transitions, NUPI Report 261, Fafo Report 352, accessed at http://www.gdrc.org/sustdev/husec/2-doc.html, 14 July 2006.
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Seminar Report, Women and Peacebuilding in Africa, policy seminar hosted by CCR and UNIFEM, Centre for Conflict Resolution and United Nations Development Fund for Women, Cape Town, South Africa, 27-28 October 2005, 28.
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Women and Peace-building in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: An Assessment of Their Role in the Inter-Congolese Dialogue
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1645 S/Res/1645 (2005).
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Kofi Annan, press release, Women Still Excluded from Peace Table Despite Their Pivotal Role, New York, 28 October 2004, accessed at http://www.un.org/apps/news/storyAr.asp?NewsID=12376&Cr=women&Cr 1=.
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note
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Such as in Sudan's Darfur region as well as backlash in the form of assassinations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Somalia where women have dared to defend women's rights in public decision making.
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Remembering the Women in Rwanda: When Humans Rely on the Old Concepts of War to Resolve Conflict
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Karen Brounéus, Truth-Telling as Talking Cure? Insecurity and Retraumatization in the Rwandan Gacaca Courts, Security Dialogue 39, no. 1 (March 2008): 55-76, 60;
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The Frightful Actuality: Girls Tools of War in Africa
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The Role of Women in the Reconstruction and Building of Peace in Rwanda: Peace Prospects for the Great Lakes Region
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The Gacaca courts system, which represents the revival of a traditional tribal system of justice, used to deal with minor family disputes and cattle theft. In the aftermath of the genocide, the criminal justice system was unable to cope and the traditional system was adopted to assess the guilt or innocence of alleged perpetrators of the genocide.
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85
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Thirty percent of Gacaca judges are women. The President of the Supreme Court is also a woman, United Nations, October 2005, available at
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The Role of Women in Reconciliation and Peace Building in Rwanda: Ten Years after Genocide 1994-2004-Contributions, Challenges and Way Forward
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The concept Ivoirité refers to the idea of pure Ivorian descent. In that context, it means the exclusion of Northerners (usually immigrants) and Muslims or non-Christians from having the right to Ivorian citizenship.
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