메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 45, 2009, Pages 14127-14135

The synaptic representation of sound source location in auditory cortex

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ACOUSTICS; ACTION POTENTIAL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY CORTEX; AUDITORY STIMULATION; EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL; IN VIVO STUDY; LATENT PERIOD; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PYRAMIDAL NERVE CELL; RAT; RECORDING; RELIABILITY; SOUND DETECTION; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION;

EID: 70449635981     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: 15292401     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2061-09.2009     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 49649110906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of single synapses to sensory representation in vivo
    • Arenz A, Silver RA, Schaefer AT, Margrie TW (2008) The contribution of single synapses to sensory representation in vivo. Science 321:977-980.
    • (2008) Science , vol.321 , pp. 977-980
    • Arenz, A.1    Silver, R.A.2    Schaefer, A.T.3    Margrie, T.W.4
  • 2
    • 0033559399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanisms contributing to response variability of cortical neurons in vivo
    • Azouz R, Gray CM (1999) Cellular mechanisms contributing to response variability of cortical neurons in vivo. J Neurosci 19:2209-2223. (Pubitemid 29133399)
    • (1999) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 2209-2223
    • Azouz, R.1    Gray, C.M.2
  • 3
    • 56149119565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitatory local connections of superficial neurons in rat auditory cortex
    • Barbour DL, Callaway EM (2008) Excitatory local connections of superficial neurons in rat auditory cortex. J Neurosci 28:11174-11185.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 11174-11185
    • Barbour, D.L.1    Callaway, E.M.2
  • 4
    • 0014285493 scopus 로고
    • Binaural interaction in the cat superior olive S segment
    • Boudreau JC, Tsuchitani C (1968) Binaural interaction in the cat superior olive S segment. J Neurophysiol 31:442-454.
    • (1968) J Neurophysiol , vol.31 , pp. 442-454
    • Boudreau, J.C.1    Tsuchitani, C.2
  • 5
    • 0029902168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of spatial receptive fields of neurons in primary auditory cortex of the cat
    • Brugge JF, Reale RA, Hind JE (1996) The structure of spatial receptive fields of neurons in primary auditory cortex of the cat. J Neurosci 16:4420-4437.
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 4420-4437
    • Brugge, J.F.1    Reale, R.A.2    Hind, J.E.3
  • 6
    • 33745176194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortex is driven by weak but synchronously active thalamocortical synapses
    • Bruno RM, Sakmann B (2006) Cortex is driven by weak but synchronously active thalamocortical synapses. Science 312:1622-1627.
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 1622-1627
    • Bruno, R.M.1    Sakmann, B.2
  • 7
    • 0033994239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane potential and firing rate in cat primary visual cortex
    • Carandini M, Ferster D (2000) Membrane potential and firing rate in cat primary visual cortex. J Neurosci 20:470-484. (Pubitemid 30220533)
    • (2000) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 470-484
    • Carandini, M.1    Ferster, D.2
  • 8
    • 34247565037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-spike latency information in single neurons increases when referenced to population onset
    • Chase SM, Young ED (2007) First-spike latency information in single neurons increases when referenced to population onset. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:5175-5180.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.104 , pp. 5175-5180
    • Chase, S.M.1    Young, E.D.2
  • 9
    • 0036082785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory thalamocortical synaptic transmission in vitro
    • Cruikshank SJ, Rose HJ, Metherate R (2002) Auditory thalamocortical synaptic transmission in vitro. J Neurophysiol 87:361-384.
    • (2002) J Neurophysiol , vol.87 , pp. 361-384
    • Cruikshank, S.J.1    Rose, H.J.2    Metherate, R.3
  • 10
    • 34248138478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Layer- and cell-type-specific suprathreshold stimulus representation in rat primary somatosensory cortex
    • DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.124321
    • de Kock CP, Bruno RM, Spors H, Sakmann B (2007) Layer- and cell-type specific suprathreshold stimulus representation in rat primary somatosensory cortex. J Physiol 581:139-154. (Pubitemid 46712033)
    • (2007) Journal of Physiology , vol.581 , Issue.1 , pp. 139-154
    • De Kock, C.P.J.1    Bruno, R.M.2    Spors, H.3    Sakmann, B.4
  • 11
    • 0033019110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptive fields and binaural interactions for virtual-space stimuli in the cat inferior colliculus
    • Delgutte B, Joris PX, Litovsky RY, Yin TC (1999) Receptive fields and binaural interactions for virtual-space stimuli in the cat inferior colliculus. J Neurophysiol 81:2833-2851. (Pubitemid 29283939)
    • (1999) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.81 , Issue.6 , pp. 2833-2851
    • Delgutte, B.1    Joris, P.X.2    Litovsky, R.Y.3    Yin, T.C.T.4
  • 12
    • 0041819709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binary spiking in auditory cortex
    • DeWeese MR, Wehr M, Zador AM (2003) Binary spiking in auditory cortex. J Neurosci 23:7940-7949.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 7940-7949
    • DeWeese, M.R.1    Wehr, M.2    Zador, A.M.3
  • 13
    • 0031739755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azimuth coding in primary auditory cortex of the cat. II. Relative latency and interspike interval representation
    • Eggermont JJ (1998) Azimuth coding in primary auditory cortex of the cat. II. Relative latency and interspike interval representation. J Neurophysiol 80:2151-2161. (Pubitemid 28489140)
    • (1998) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.80 , Issue.4 , pp. 2151-2161
    • Eggermont, J.J.1
  • 14
    • 0031739141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azimuth coding in primary auditory cortex of the cat. I. Spike synchrony versus spike count representations
    • Eggermont JJ, Mossop JE (1998) Azimuth coding in primary auditory cortex of the cat. I. Spike synchrony versus spike count representations. J Neurophysiol 80:2133-2150. (Pubitemid 28489139)
    • (1998) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.80 , Issue.4 , pp. 2133-2150
    • Eggermont, J.J.1    Mossop, J.E.2
  • 15
    • 0020642933 scopus 로고
    • Relation between shapes of post-synaptic potentials and changes in firing probability of cat motoneurones
    • Fetz EE, Gustafsson B (1983) Relation between shapes of post-synaptic potentials and changes in firing probability of cat motoneurones. J Physiol 341:387-410.
    • (1983) J Physiol , vol.341 , pp. 387-410
    • Fetz, E.E.1    Gustafsson, B.2
  • 16
    • 0036092498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical representation of auditory space: Information-bearing features of spike patterns
    • Furukawa S, Middlebrooks JC (2002) Cortical representation of auditory space: information-bearing features of spike patterns. J Neurophysiol 87:1749-1762. (Pubitemid 34670741)
    • (2002) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.87 , Issue.4 , pp. 1749-1762
    • Furukawa, S.1    Middlebrooks, J.C.2
  • 17
    • 0014541947 scopus 로고
    • Response of binaural neurons of dog superior olivary complex to dichotic tonal stimuli: Some physiological mechanisms of sound localization
    • Goldberg JM, Brown PB (1969) Response of binaural neurons of dog superior olivary complex to dichotic tonal stimuli: some physiological mechanisms of sound localization. J Neurophysiol 32:613-636.
    • (1969) J Neurophysiol , vol.32 , pp. 613-636
    • Goldberg, J.M.1    Brown, P.B.2
  • 18
    • 0024991697 scopus 로고
    • Effect of bilateral auditory cortex lesions on sound localization in Japanese macaques
    • Heffner HE, Heffner RS (1990) Effect of bilateral auditory cortex lesions on sound localization in Japanese macaques. J Neurophysiol 64:915-931. (Pubitemid 20319453)
    • (1990) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 915-931
    • Heffner, H.E.1    Heffner, R.S.2
  • 19
    • 0016596608 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of auditory cortex to sound localization in the monkey (Macaca mulatta)
    • Heffner H, Masterton B (1975) Contribution of auditory cortex to sound localization in the monkey (Macaca mulatta). J Neurophysiol 38:1340-1358.
    • (1975) J Neurophysiol , vol.38 , pp. 1340-1358
    • Heffner, H.1    Masterton, B.2
  • 20
    • 0030977975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory cortical onset responses revisited. I. First-spike timing
    • Heil P (1997) Auditory cortical onset responses revisited. I. First-spike timing. J Neurophysiol 77:2616-2641. (Pubitemid 27209226)
    • (1997) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.77 , Issue.5 , pp. 2616-2641
    • Heil, P.1
  • 21
    • 4043180515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-spike latency of auditory neurons revisited
    • Heil P (2004) First-spike latency of auditory neurons revisited. Curr Opin Neurobiol 14:461-467.
    • (2004) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.14 , pp. 461-467
    • Heil, P.1
  • 22
    • 77956677051 scopus 로고
    • The dual effect of membrane potential on sodium conductance in the giant axon of Loligo
    • Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF (1952) The dual effect of membrane potential on sodium conductance in the giant axon of Loligo. J Physiol 116:497-506.
    • (1952) J Physiol , vol.116 , pp. 497-506
    • Hodgkin, A.L.1    Huxley, A.F.2
  • 23
    • 0023765726 scopus 로고
    • A versatile means of intracellular labeling: Injection of biocytin and its detection with avidin conjugates
    • DOI 10.1016/0165-0270(88)90114-8
    • Horikawa K, Armstrong WE (1988) A versatile means of intracellular labelling: injection of biocytin and its detection with avidin conjugates. J Neurosci Methods 25:1-11. (Pubitemid 18185530)
    • (1988) Journal of Neuroscience Methods , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-11
    • Horikawa, K.1    Armstrong, W.E.2
  • 24
    • 38949125153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sparse representation of sounds in the unanesthetized auditory cortex
    • DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060016
    • Hromádka T, Deweese MR, Zador AM (2008) Sparse representation of sounds in the unanesthetized auditory cortex. PLoS Biol 6:e16. (Pubitemid 351226052)
    • (2008) PLoS Biology , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 124-137
    • Hromadka, T.1    Deweese, M.R.2    Zador, A.M.3
  • 25
    • 33645410496 scopus 로고
    • Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex
    • Hubel DH, Wiesel TN (1962) Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex. J Physiol 160:106-154.
    • (1962) J Physiol , vol.160 , pp. 106-154
    • Hubel, D.H.1    Wiesel, T.N.2
  • 26
    • 0025290907 scopus 로고
    • Single-unit selectivity to azimuthal direction and sound pressure level of noise bursts in cat high-frequency primary auditory cortex
    • Imig TJ, Irons WA, Samson FR (1990) Single-unit selectivity to azimuthal direction and sound pressure level of noise bursts in cat high-frequency primary auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol 63:1448-1466.
    • (1990) J Neurophysiol , vol.63 , pp. 1448-1466
    • Imig, T.J.1    Irons, W.A.2    Samson, F.R.3
  • 27
    • 0019979039 scopus 로고
    • Sound localization: Effects of unilateral lesions in central auditory system
    • Jenkins WM, Masterton RB (1982) Sound localization: effects of unilateral lesions in central auditory system. J Neurophysiol 47:987-1016. (Pubitemid 12086668)
    • (1982) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 987-1016
    • Jenkins, W.M.1    Masterton, R.B.2
  • 28
    • 0021678338 scopus 로고
    • Role of cat primary auditory cortex for sound-localization behavior
    • Jenkins WM, Merzenich MM (1984) Role of cat primary auditory cortex for sound-localization behavior. J Neurophysiol 52:819-847. (Pubitemid 15218044)
    • (1984) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.52 , Issue.5 , pp. 819-847
    • Jenkins, W.M.1    Merzenich, M.M.2
  • 30
    • 2442594786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracortical pathways determine breadth of subthreshold frequency receptive fields in primary auditory cortex
    • DOI 10.1152/jn.01121.2003
    • Kaur S, Lazar R, Metherate R (2004) Intracortical pathways determine breadth of subthreshold frequency receptive fields in primary auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol 91:2551-2567. (Pubitemid 38649765)
    • (2004) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.91 , Issue.6 , pp. 2551-2567
    • Kaur, S.1    Lazar, R.2    Metheate, R.3
  • 31
    • 0023243414 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of auditory cortex to sound localization by the ferret (Mustela putorius)
    • Kavanagh GL, Kelly JB (1987) Contribution of auditory cortex to sound localization by the ferret (Mustela putorius). J Neurophysiol 57:1746-1766.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.57 , pp. 1746-1766
    • Kavanagh, G.L.1    Kelly, J.B.2
  • 32
    • 36448930572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining cortical frequency tuning with recurrent excitatory circuitry
    • DOI 10.1038/nn2012, PII NN2012
    • Liu BH, Wu GK, Arbuckle R, Tao HW, Zhang LI (2007) Defining cortical frequency tuning with recurrent excitatory circuitry. Nat Neurosci 10:1594-1600. (Pubitemid 350175881)
    • (2007) Nature Neuroscience , vol.10 , Issue.12 , pp. 1594-1600
    • Liu, B.-H.1    Wu, G.K.2    Arbuckle, R.3    Tao, H.W.4    Zhang, L.I.5
  • 33
    • 0034573213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic integration of excitatory synaptic input
    • Magee JC (2000) Dendritic integration of excitatory synaptic input. Nat Rev Neurosci 1:181-190.
    • (2000) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 181-190
    • Magee, J.C.1
  • 34
    • 33846471234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sound localization during homotopic and heterotopic bilateral cooling deactivation of primary and nonprimary auditory cortical areas in the cat
    • DOI 10.1152/jn.00720.2006
    • Malhotra S, Lomber SG (2007) Sound localization during homotopic and heterotopic bilateral cooling deactivation of primary and nonprimary auditory cortical areas in the cat. J Neurophysiol 97:26-43. (Pubitemid 46150784)
    • (2007) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.97 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-43
    • Malhotra, S.1    Lomber, S.G.2
  • 35
    • 0037440088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theta oscillation coupled spike latencies yield computational vigour in a mammalian sensory system
    • Margrie TW, Schaefer AT (2003) Theta oscillation coupled spike latencies yield computational vigour in a mammalian sensory system. J Physiol 546:363-374.
    • (2003) J Physiol , vol.546 , pp. 363-374
    • Margrie, T.W.1    Schaefer, A.T.2
  • 36
    • 0036449311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo, low-resistance, whole-cell recordings from neurons in the anaesthetized and awake mammalian brain
    • Margrie TW, Brecht M, Sakmann B (2002) In vivo, low-resistance, whole-cell recordings from neurons in the anaesthetized and awake mammalian brain. Pflügers Arch 444:491-498.
    • (2002) Pflügers Arch , vol.444 , pp. 491-498
    • Margrie, T.W.1    Brecht, M.2    Sakmann, B.3
  • 39
    • 0014063452 scopus 로고
    • Role of brainstem auditory structures in sound localization. I. Trapezoid body, superior olive, and lateral lemniscus
    • Masterton B, Jane JA, Diamond IT (1967) Role of brainstem auditory structures in sound localization. I. Trapezoid body, superior olive, and lateral lemniscus. J Neurophysiol 30:341-359.
    • (1967) J Neurophysiol , vol.30 , pp. 341-359
    • Masterton, B.1    Jane, J.A.2    Diamond, I.T.3
  • 40
    • 22144440906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating a sense of auditory space
    • McAlpine D (2005) Creating a sense of auditory space. J Physiol 566:21-28.
    • (2005) J Physiol , vol.566 , pp. 21-28
    • McAlpine, D.1
  • 41
    • 0141535202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of auditory space by cortical neurons in awake cats
    • Mickey BJ, Middlebrooks JC (2003) Representation of auditory space by cortical neurons in awake cats. J Neurosci 23:8649-8663.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 8649-8663
    • Mickey, B.J.1    Middlebrooks, J.C.2
  • 43
    • 0019827657 scopus 로고
    • Functional classes of neurons in primary auditory cortex of the cat distinguished by sensitivity to sound location
    • Middlebrooks JC, Pettigrew JD (1981) Functional classes of neurons in primary auditory cortex of the cat distinguished by sensitivity to sound location. J Neurosci 1:107-120.
    • (1981) J Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 107-120
    • Middlebrooks, J.C.1    Pettigrew, J.D.2
  • 45
    • 65249093167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Populations of auditory cortical neurons can accurately encode acoustic space across stimulus intensity
    • Miller LM, Recanzone GH (2009) Populations of auditory cortical neurons can accurately encode acoustic space across stimulus intensity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:5931-5935.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 5931-5935
    • Miller, L.M.1    Recanzone, G.H.2
  • 46
    • 19344367484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encoding of virtual acoustic space stimuli by neurons in ferret primary auditory cortex
    • Mrsic-Flogel TD, King AJ, Schnupp JW (2005) Encoding of virtual acoustic space stimuli by neurons in ferret primary auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol 93:3489-3503.
    • (2005) J Neurophysiol , vol.93 , pp. 3489-3503
    • Mrsic-Flogel, T.D.1    King, A.J.2    Schnupp, J.W.3
  • 47
  • 49
    • 0025172951 scopus 로고
    • Response timing constraints on the cortical representation of sound time structure
    • Phillips DP, Hall SE (1990) Response timing constraints on the cortical representation of sound time structure. J Acoust Soc Am 88:1403-1411.
    • (1990) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.88 , pp. 1403-1411
    • Phillips, D.P.1    Hall, S.E.2
  • 50
    • 0024392495 scopus 로고
    • Repetition rate and signal level effects on neuronal responses to brief tone pulses in cat auditory cortex
    • Phillips DP, Hall SE, Hollett JL (1989) Repetition rate and signal level effects on neuronal responses to brief tone pulses in cat auditory cortex. J Acoust Soc Am 85:2537-2549.
    • (1989) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.85 , pp. 2537-2549
    • Phillips, D.P.1    Hall, S.E.2    Hollett, J.L.3
  • 51
    • 34447323087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiparametric auditory receptive field organization across five cortical fields in the albino rat
    • Polley DB, Read HL, Storace DA, Merzenich MM (2007) Multiparametric auditory receptive field organization across five cortical fields in the albino rat. J Neurophysiol 97:3621-3638.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.97 , pp. 3621-3638
    • Polley, D.B.1    Read, H.L.2    Storace, D.A.3    Merzenich, M.M.4
  • 52
    • 0025044715 scopus 로고
    • Azimuthal sensitivity of neurons in primary auditory cortex of cats. I. Types of sensitivity and the effects of variations in stimulus parameters
    • Rajan R, Aitkin LM, Irvine DR, McKay J (1990a) Azimuthal sensitivity of neurons in primary auditory cortex of cats. I. Types of sensitivity and the effects of variations in stimulus parameters. J Neurophysiol 64:872-887. (Pubitemid 20319450)
    • (1990) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 872-887
    • Rajan, R.1    Aitkin, L.M.2    Irvine, D.R.F.3    McKay, J.4
  • 53
    • 0025044716 scopus 로고
    • Azimuthal sensitivity of neurons in primary auditory cortex of cats. II. Organization along frequency-band strips
    • Rajan R, Aitkin LM, Irvine DR (1990b) Azimuthal sensitivity of neurons in primary auditory cortex of cats. II. Organization along frequency-band strips. J Neurophysiol 64:888-902. (Pubitemid 20319451)
    • (1990) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 888-902
    • Rajan, R.1    Aitkin, L.M.2    Irvine, D.R.F.3
  • 54
    • 0000996439 scopus 로고
    • Theory of physiological properties of dendrites
    • Rall W (1962) Theory of physiological properties of dendrites. Ann NY Acad Sci 96:1071-1092.
    • (1962) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.96 , pp. 1071-1092
    • Rall, W.1
  • 56
    • 0038015367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of multiple physiological fields within the anatomical core of the rat auditory cortex
    • Rutkowski RG, Miasnikov AA, Weinberger NM (2003) Characterisation of multiple physiological fields within the anatomical core of the rat auditory cortex. Hear Res 181:116-130.
    • (2003) Hear Res , vol.181 , pp. 116-130
    • Rutkowski, R.G.1    Miasnikov, A.A.2    Weinberger, N.M.3
  • 57
    • 0033812666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directionality derived from differential sensitivity to monaural and binaural cues in the cat's medial geniculate body
    • Samson FK, Barone P, Irons WA, Clarey JC, Poirier P, Imig TJ (2000) Directionality derived from differential sensitivity to monaural and binaural cues in the cat's medial geniculate body. J Neurophysiol 84:1330-1345. (Pubitemid 30688157)
    • (2000) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.84 , Issue.3 , pp. 1330-1345
    • Samson, F.K.1    Barone, P.2    Irons, W.A.3    Clarey, J.C.4    Poirier, P.5    Imig, T.J.6
  • 58
    • 33745218985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal oscillations enhance stimulus discrimination by ensuring action potential precision
    • DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040163
    • Schaefer AT, Angelo K, Spors H, Margrie TW (2006) Neuronal oscillations enhance stimulus discrimination by ensuring action potential precision. PLoS Biol 4:e163. (Pubitemid 43909459)
    • (2006) PLoS Biology , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 1010-1024
    • Schaefer, A.T.1    Angelo, K.2    Spors, H.3    Margrie, T.W.4
  • 59
    • 0028351541 scopus 로고
    • Dendritic attenuation of synaptic potentials and currents: The role of passive membrane properties
    • DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(94)90094-9
    • Spruston N, Jaffe DB, Johnston D (1994) Dendritic attenuation of synaptic potentials and currents: the role of passive membrane properties. Trends Neurosci 17:161-166. (Pubitemid 24088189)
    • (1994) Trends in Neurosciences , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 161-166
    • Spruston, N.1    Jaffe, D.B.2    Johnston, D.3
  • 61
    • 0347655241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed coding of sound locations in the auditory cortex
    • Stecker GC, Middlebrooks JC (2003) Distributed coding of sound locations in the auditory cortex. Biol Cybern 89:341-349.
    • (2003) Biol Cybern , vol.89 , pp. 341-349
    • Stecker, G.C.1    Middlebrooks, J.C.2
  • 62
    • 18144424804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Location coding by opponent neural populations in the auditory cortex
    • Stecker GC, Harrington IA, Middlebrooks JC (2005) Location coding by opponent neural populations in the auditory cortex. PLoS Biol 3:e78.
    • (2005) PLoS Biol , vol.3
    • Stecker, G.C.1    Harrington, I.A.2    Middlebrooks, J.C.3
  • 63
    • 3042592424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tone-evoked excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances of primary auditory cortex neurons
    • Tan AY, Zhang LI, Merzenich MM, Schreiner CE (2004) Tone-evoked excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances of primary auditory cortex neurons. J Neurophysiol 92:630-643.
    • (2004) J Neurophysiol , vol.92 , pp. 630-643
    • Tan, A.Y.1    Zhang, L.I.2    Merzenich, M.M.3    Schreiner, C.E.4
  • 64
    • 0020622084 scopus 로고
    • The inability of squirrel monkeys to localize sound after unilateral ablation of auditory cortex
    • Thompson GC, Cortez AM (1983) The inability of squirrel monkeys to localize sound after unilateral ablation of auditory cortex. Behav Brain Res 8:211-216.
    • (1983) Behav Brain Res , vol.8 , pp. 211-216
    • Thompson, G.C.1    Cortez, A.M.2
  • 65
    • 0037083378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The coding of spatial location by single units in the lateral superior olive of the cat. I. Spatial receptive fields in azimuth
    • Tollin DJ, Yin TC (2002) The coding of spatial location by single units in the lateral superior olive of the cat. I. Spatial receptive fields in azimuth. J Neurosci 22:1454-1467. (Pubitemid 34163746)
    • (2002) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 1454-1467
    • Tollin, D.J.1    Yin, T.C.T.2
  • 66
    • 0014590213 scopus 로고
    • Stimulus level of dichotically presented tones and cat superior olive S-segment cell discharge
    • Tsuchitani C, Boudreau JC (1969) Stimulus level of dichotically presented tones and cat superior olive S-segment cell discharge. J Acoust Soc Am 46:979-988.
    • (1969) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.46 , pp. 979-988
    • Tsuchitani, C.1    Boudreau, J.C.2
  • 67
    • 9244224116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple time scales of adaptation in auditory cortex neurons
    • DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1905-04.2004
    • Ulanovsky N, Las L, Farkas D, Nelken I (2004) Multiple time scales of adaptation in auditory cortex neurons. J Neurosci 24:10440-10453. (Pubitemid 39552629)
    • (2004) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.24 , Issue.46 , pp. 10440-10453
    • Ulanovsky, N.1    Las, L.2    Farkas, D.3    Nelken, I.4
  • 68
    • 0033983421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the selectivity of postsynaptic potentials and spike responses in cat visual cortex
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00909.x
    • Volgushev M, Pernberg J, Eysel UT (2000) Comparison of the selectivity of postsynaptic potentials and spike responses in cat visual cortex. Eur J Neurosci 12:257-263. (Pubitemid 30068430)
    • (2000) European Journal of Neuroscience , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 257-263
    • Volgushev, M.1    Pernberg, J.2    Eysel, U.T.3
  • 69
    • 36348965349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laminar differences in the response properties of cells in the primary auditory cortex
    • Wallace MN, Palmer AR (2008) Laminar differences in the response properties of cells in the primary auditory cortex. Exp Brain Res 184:179-191.
    • (2008) Exp Brain Res , vol.184 , pp. 179-191
    • Wallace, M.N.1    Palmer, A.R.2
  • 70
    • 0344120308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balanced inhibition underlies tuning and sharpens spike timing in auditory cortex
    • DOI 10.1038/nature02116
    • Wehr M, Zador AM (2003) Balanced inhibition underlies tuning and sharpens spike timing in auditory cortex. Nature 426:442-446. (Pubitemid 37490130)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.426 , Issue.6965 , pp. 442-446
    • Wehr, M.1    Zador, A.M.2
  • 71
    • 23044508786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic mechanisms of forward suppression in rat auditory cortex
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.06.009, PII S0896627305005143
    • Wehr M, Zador AM (2005) Synaptic mechanisms of forward suppression in rat auditory cortex. Neuron 47:437-445. (Pubitemid 41073883)
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 437-445
    • Wehr, M.1    Zador, A.M.2
  • 72
    • 43649097008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rate code for sound azimuth in monkey auditory cortex: Implications for human neuroimaging studies
    • Werner-Reiss U, Groh JM (2008) A rate code for sound azimuth in monkey auditory cortex: implications for human neuroimaging studies. J Neurosci 28:3747-3758.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 3747-3758
    • Werner-Reiss, U.1    Groh, J.M.2
  • 73
    • 0001111089 scopus 로고
    • Popper AN, Fay RR, Webster DB, eds, New York: Springer
    • Winer JA (1992) The mammalian auditory pathway: neuroanatomy, Vol 1 (Popper AN, Fay RR, Webster DB, eds), pp 222-409. New York: Springer.
    • (1992) The Mammalian Auditory Pathway: Neuroanatomy , vol.1 , pp. 222-409
    • Winer, J.A.1
  • 74
    • 0022254276 scopus 로고
    • Topographic organization of interaural intensity difference sensitivity in deep layers of cat superior colliculus: Implications for auditory spatial representation
    • Wise LZ, Irvine DR (1985) Topographic organization of interaural intensity difference sensitivity in deep layers of cat superior colliculus: implications for auditory spatial representation. J Neurophysiol 54:185-211.
    • (1985) J Neurophysiol , vol.54 , pp. 185-211
    • Wise, L.Z.1    Irvine, D.R.2
  • 75
    • 41549109253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateral sharpening of cortical frequency tuning by approximately balanced inhibition
    • Wu GK, Arbuckle R, Liu BH, Tao HW, Zhang LI (2008) Lateral sharpening of cortical frequency tuning by approximately balanced inhibition. Neuron 58:132-143.
    • (2008) Neuron , vol.58 , pp. 132-143
    • Wu, G.K.1    Arbuckle, R.2    Liu, B.H.3    Tao, H.W.4    Zhang, L.I.5
  • 76
    • 0024996723 scopus 로고
    • Interaural time sensitivity in medial superior olive of cat
    • Yin TC, Chan JC (1990) Interaural time sensitivity in medial superior olive of cat. J Neurophysiol 64:465-488. (Pubitemid 20264056)
    • (1990) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 465-488
    • Yin, T.C.T.1    Chan, J.C.K.2
  • 77
    • 0026675677 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of external ear impulse responses using Golay codes
    • Zhou B, Green DM, Middlebrooks JC (1992) Characterization of external ear impulse responses using Golay codes. J Acoust Soc Am 92:1169-1171.
    • (1992) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.92 , pp. 1169-1171
    • Zhou, B.1    Green, D.M.2    Middlebrooks, J.C.3
  • 78
    • 0033010150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic firing patterns and whisker-evoked synaptic responses of neurons in the rat barrel cortex
    • Zhu JJ, Connors BW (1999) Intrinsic firing patterns and whisker-evoked synaptic responses of neurons in the rat barrel cortex. J Neurophysiol 81:1171-1183.
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 1171-1183
    • Zhu, J.J.1    Connors, B.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.