Net and jet: The internet use, travel and social networks of Chinese Canadian entrepreneurs

Information Communication and Society

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 525-547

  Chen, Wenhong ^a   Wellman, Barry ^b  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Computer mediated communication; Glocalized networks; Internet; Social capital; Social networks; Travel

Indexed keywords

EID: 70449565533     PISSN: 1369118X     EISSN: 14684462     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13691180902858080     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Arenius, P., Sasi, V. & Gabrielsson, M. (2005) Rapid internationalisation enabled by the Internet, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 279-290.
2. Baker, W. E. (1984) Floor trading and crowd dynamics, in The social dynamics of financial markets, eds P. A. Adler & P. Adler, JAI, Greenwich, CT, pp. 107-128.
3. Bates, S., 1995. The End of Geography, Symposium: Theories and Metaphors of Cyberspace, [online] Available at: http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/Cybspasy/SBates.html (15 October 2008).
4. Bender, T. (1978) Community and Social Change in America, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ.
5. Boase, J. (2006) America Online and Offline: The Relationship of Personal Networks to Email and Other Communication Media, PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto.
6. Cairncross, F. (1997) The Death of Distance, Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
7. Castells, M. (2000) The Rise of the Network Society, 2nd edn, Blackwell, Malden, MA.
8. Chen, W. (2006) The impact of Internet use on transnational entrepreneurship - the case of Chinese immigrants to Canada, in New Technologies in Global Societies, eds P.-L. Law, L. Fortunati & S. Yang, World Scientific Press, Singapore, pp. 197-220.
9. Chen, W. (2007) Spanning Transnational Webs: Ethnic Entrepreneurship and Social Networks in the Internet Age, PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto.
10. Dimitrova, D., Koku, E., Wellman, B. & White, H. (2007) Who do scientists network with?, Final Report to the Canadian Water Network, National Centre of Excellence, Waterloo, Ontario.
11. Erickson, B. H. (2004) A Report on Measuring the Social Capital in Weak Ties, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto.
12. Feld, S. (1982) Social structural determinants of similarity among associates, American Sociological Review, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 797-801.
13. Festinger, L., Schachter, S. & Back, K. (1963) Social Pressure in Informal Groups, Stanford University Press.
14. Friedman, T. L. (2005) The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century, Farrar, Straus, New York.
15. Gartner, W., Shaver, K. G., Carter, N. M. & Reynolds, P. D. (2004) Handbook of Entrepreneurial Dynamics: The Process of Business Creation, Sage, London.
16. Gibson, C. B. & Gibbs, J. L. (2006) Unpacking the concept of virtuality: the effects of geographic dispersion, electronic dependence, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 451-495.
17. Hallowell, E. (1999) The human moment at work, Harvard Business Review, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 58-66.
18. Hampton, K. (2001) Living the Wired Life in the Wired Suburb: Netville, Glocalization and Civil Society, PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto.
19. Hampton, K. & Wellman, B. (1999) Examining community in the digital neighbourhood, in Digital Cities: Experiences Technologies and Future Perspectives, eds T. Ishida & K. Isbister, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 475-492.
20. Haythornthwaite, C. & Wellman, B. (2002) The Internet in everyday life: an introduction, in The Internet in Everyday Life, eds B. Wellman & C. Haythornthwaite, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 3-44.
21. Hiebert, D. & Ley, D., 2003. Characteristics of Immigrant Transnationalism in Vancouver, Working Paper Series 03-15, Vancouver Centre of Excellence, Research on Immigration and Integration in the Metropolis.
22. Hiller, H. H. & Franz, T. M. (2004) New ties, old ties and lost ties: the use of the Internet in diaspora, New Media and Society, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 731-752.
23. Katz, J. E. & Rice, R. E. (2002) Social Consequences of Internet Use: Access, Involvement, and Interaction, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
24. Kossinets, G. & Watts, D. J. (2006) Empirical analysis of an evolving social network, Science, vol. 311, no. 5757, pp. 88-90.
25. Lin, N. (2000) Inequality in social capital, Contemporary Sociology, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 785-795.
26. Lin, N. (2001) Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action, Cambridge University Press.
27. Lin, N. & Erickson, B. (2008) Social Capital: an International Research Program, Oxford University Press, New York.
28. Marsden, P. (1987) Core discussions networks of Americans, American Sociological Review, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 122-131.
29. Matei, S. & Ball-Rokeach, S. (2002) Belonging in geographic, ethnic, and Internet spaces, in The Internet in Everyday Life, eds B. Wellman & C. Haythornthwaite, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 404-430.
30. McDougall, P. P., Oviatt, B. M. & Shrader, R. C. (2003) A comparison of international and domestic new ventures, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 59-82.
31. McLuhan, M. & Powers, B. (1989) The Global Village: Transformations in World Life and Media in the 21st Century, Oxford University Press, UK.
32. McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L. & Cook, J. M. (2001) Birds of a feather: homophily in social networks, Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 27, pp. 415-444.
33. McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L. &Brashears, M. E. (2006) Social isolation in America: changes in core discussion networks over two decades, American Sociological Review, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 353-375.
34. Merton, R. (ed.) (1957) Patterns of influence: cosmopolitans and locals, in Social Theory and Social Structure, Free Press, Glencoe, IL, pp. 387-420.
35. Milgram, S. (1967) The small-world problem, Psychology Today, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 62-67.
36. Miller, D. & Slater, D. (2000) The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach, Berg, Oxford.
37. Mok, D., Wellman, B. & Basu, R. (2007) Did distance matter: a pre-Internet analysis, Social Networks, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 430-462.
38. Mok, D., Wellman, B. & Carrasco, J. A. (2009) Does distance matter in the age of the Internet?, Urban Studies, forthcoming.
39. Ong, A. & Nonini, D. (1997) Ungrounded Empires: The Cultural Politics of Modern Chinese Transnationalism, Routledge, New York.
40. Panagakos, A. (2003) Downloading new identities: ethnicity and technology in the global Greek village, Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 201-219.
41. Panagakos, A. N. & Horst, H. A. (2006) Return to Cyberia: technology and the social worlds of transnational migrants, Global Networks, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 109-124.
42. Peng, M. & Luo, Y. (2000) Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: the nature of a micro-macro link, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 486-501.
43. Quan-Haase, A. & Wellman, B. (2006) Hyperconnected net work: computer-mediated community in a high-tech organization, in The Firm as a Collaborative Community: Reconstructing Trust in the Knowledge Economy, eds C. Heckscher & P. Adler, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 281-333.
44. Quan-Haase, A., Wellman, B., Witte, J. & Hampton, K. (2002) Capitalizing on the Internet: network capital, participatory capital, and sense of community, in The Internet in Everyday Life, eds B. Wellman & C. Haythornthwaite, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 291-324.
45. Reynolds, M. (1962) Little Boxes, Oak Publications, New York.
46. Rialp-Criado, A., Rialp-Criado, J. & Knight, G. A. (2002) The phenomenon of Inter- national New Ventures, Global Start-ups, and Born-globals: What do we Know After a Decade (1993-2002) of Exhaustive Scientific Inquiry?, Working Paper 2002/11. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
47. Saxenian, A. (1994) Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
48. Shklovski, I., Kraut, R. & Rainie, L. (2004) The Internet and social participation: contrasting cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication, vol. 10, no. 1, [Online] Available from: http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue1/shklovski_kraut.html (15 October 2008).
49. Shklovski, I., Kiesler, S. & Kraut, R. (2006) The Internet and social interaction: a meta-analysis and critique of studies, 1995-2003, in Computers, Phones, and the Internet: The Social Impact of Information Technology, eds R. Kraut, M. Brynin & S. Kiesler, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 251-264.
50. Simmel, G. (1908 (1971)) The stranger, in George Simmel on Individuality and Social Forms, ed. D. N. Levine, University of Chicago Press, pp. 143-149.
51. Sorenson, O. & Stuart, T. E. (2001) Syndication networks and the spatial distribution of venture capital investments, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 106, no. 5, pp. 1546-1588.
52. Staber, U. & Aldrich, H. E. (1995) Cross-national similarities in the personal net- works of small business owners: a comparison of two regions in North America, Canadian Journal of Sociology, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 441-467.
53. Takhteyev, Y. (2009) Networks of practice as heterogeneous actor-networks: the case of software development in Brazil, Information, Communication and Society, vol. 12, (this issue).
54. Uzzi, B. (1996) The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: the network effect, American Sociological Review, vol. 61, pp. 674-698.
55. Van der Gaag, M. (2005) The Measurement of Individual Social Capital, PhD dissertation, Groningen.
56. Wang, H. H. & Wellman, B. (2009) Social connectivity in America, American Behavioral Scientist, forthcoming.
57. Webber, M. (1963) Order in diversity: community without propinquity, in Cities and Space: The Future Use of Urban Land, ed. J. Lowdon Wingo, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, p. 51.
58. Wellman, B. (2002) Little boxes, glocalization, and networked individualism, in Digital Cities II: Computational and Sociological Approaches, eds M. Tanabe, P. Van Den Besselaar & T. Ishida, Springer, Berlin, pp. 10-25.
59. Wellman, B. & Gulia, M. (1999) Net surfers dont ride alone: virtual communities as communities, in Networks in the Global Village, ed. B. Wellman, Westview, Boulder, CO, pp. 331-366.
60. Ye, J. (2006) Traditional and online support networks in the cross-cultural adaptation of Chinese international students in the United States, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 863-876.
61. Yoo, M. (2003) The Ties that (un)bind: Social Networks and Entrepreneurship in High-technology Industries, PhD dissertation, University of Michigan.
62. Zhao, S. (2006) Do Internet users have more social ties? A call for differentiated analyses of Internet use, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 844-862.