A new testing method for indirect determination of the unconfined compressive strength of rocks

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Volumn 46, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 1349-1357

  Yilmaz, Işik ^a  

^a CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Core strangle test; Point load index test; Rocks; Unconfined compressive strength

Indexed keywords

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; LOAD TESTING; TESTING;

CORE STRANGLE TEST; INDEX TESTS; LOAD INDEX; POINT LOAD; POINT LOAD INDEX TEST; ROCK CORE; SCHMIDT HAMMER; SONIC VELOCITY; TESTING METHOD; UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH;

ROCKS;

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; ESTIMATION METHOD; ROCK MECHANICS; SHEAR STRENGTH; TESTING METHOD;

EID: 70449527770     PISSN: 13651609     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.04.009     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Schmidt E. A non-destructive concrete tester. Concrete 59 8 (1951) 34-35
2. Miller RP. Engineering classification and index properties for intact rock. PhD thesis, University of Illinois, 1965.
3. Barton N., and Choubey V. The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice. Rock Mech 10 (1977) 1-54
4. Inoue M, Ohomi M. Relation between uniaxial compressive strength and elastic wave velocity of soft rock. In: Akai K, Mayashi M, Nishimatsu Y, editors. Proceedings of international symposium on weak rock, Tokyo, 1981. p. 9-13.
5. Deere DU, Miller RP. Engineering classification and index properties for intact rocks. Technical Report, Rep No AFNL-TR; US Air Force Weapons Lab, New Mexico, 1966. p. 65-116.
6. Aufmuth R.E. A systematic determination of engineering criteria for rocks. Bull Assoc Eng Geol 11 (1973) 235-245
7. Beverly BE, Schoenwolf DA, Brierly GS. Correlations of rock index values with engineering properties and the classification of intact rock Brierly Associates, FHWA, Washington, 1979.
8. Kidybinski A. Rebound number and the quality of mine roof strata. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 5 (1968) 283-292
9. Poole R.W., and Farmer I.W. Geotechnical factors acting on tunneling machine performance in coal measures rocks. Tunnels Tunnelling (1978) 27-30
10. Young R.P. Assessing rock discontinuities. Tunnels Tunnelling (1978) 45-48
11. ISRM. ISRM suggested methods. In: Brown E.T. (Ed). Rock characterization testing and monitoring (1981), Pergamon, New York 211
12. Singh RN, Hassani FP, Elkington PAS. The application of strength and deformation index testing to the stability assessment of coal measures excavations. In: Proceedings of the 24th US symposium on rock mechanics. College Station: Texas A&M University; 1983. p. 599-609.
13. Shorey P.R., Barat D., Das M.N., Mukherjee K.P., and Singh B. Schmidt hammer rebound data for estimation of large scale in-situ coal strength. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 21 (1984) 39-42
14. Haramy K.Y., and DeMarco M.J. Use of Schmidt hammer for rock and coal testing. Proceedings of the 26th US symposium on rock mechanics, 26-28 June 1985, Rapid City (1985), Balkema, Rotterdam 549-555
15. Ghose A.K., and Chakraborti S. Empirical strength indices of Indian coals-an investigation. Proceedings of the 27th US symposium on rock mechanics (1986), Balkema, Rotterdam 59-61
16. O'Rourke J.E. Rock index properties for geoengineering in underground development. Min Eng 8 (1989) 106-110
17. Sachpazis C.I. Correlating Schmidt hardness with compressive strength and Young's modulus of carbonate rocks. Bull Int Assoc Eng Geol 42 (1990) 75-83
18. Xu S., Grasso P., and Mahtab A. Use of Schmidt hammer for estimating mechanical properties of weak rock. Proceedings of the 6th international IAEG congress (1990), Balkema, Rotterdam 511-519
19. Kolaiti E., and Papadopoulos Z. Evaluation of Schmidt rebound hammer testing: a critical approach. Bull Int Assoc Eng Geol 48 (1993) 69-76
20. Gökçeoglu C. Schmidt sertlik çekici kullani{dotless}larak tahmin edilen tek eksenli basi{dotless}nç dayani{dotless}mi{dotless} verilerinin güvenilirliǧi üzerine bir deǧerlendirme. Jeoloji Mühendisligi 48 (1996) 78-81 [in Turkish]
21. Kahraman S. Evaluation of simple methods for assessing the uniaxial compressive strength of rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 38 (2001) 981-994
22. Katz O., Reches Z., and Roegiers J.C. Evaluation of mechanical rock properties using a Schmidt hammer. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 37 (2000) 723-728
23. Yilmaz I., and Sendir H. Correlation of Schmidt hardness with unconfined compressive strength and Young's modulus in gypsum from Sivas (Turkey). Eng Geol 66 (2002) 211-219
24. Shalabi F.I., Cording E.J., and Al-Hattamleh O.H. Estimation of rock engineering properties using harness tests. Eng Geol 90 (2007) 138-147
25. Wood A.B. A textbook of sound (1941), GL Bell, London
26. D'Andrea D.V., Fisher R.L., and Fogelson D.E. Prediction of compression strength from other rock properties. Colo Sch Mines Q 59 4b (1964) 623-640
27. Freyburg E. Der Untere und mittlere Buntsandstein SW. Thuringenin seinen gesteinstechnischen Eigenschaften. Ber Dte Ges Geol Wiss A 176 (1972) 911-919
28. Glenn WE, Nelson PH. Borehole logging techniques applied to base metal ore deposits. In: Geophysics and geochemistry in the search for metallic ores. Geological Survey of Canada Economic Geology Report 31; 1979. p. 273-94.
29. McCann DM, Barton KJ, Hearn K. Geophysical borehole logging with special reference to Altnabreac; Caithness. British Geological Survey Report No ENPU 81-11, BGS, Keyworth, UK; 1981.
30. Göktan RM. Theoretical and practical analysis of rock rippability. PhD thesis, Istanbul Technical University; 1988.
31. Gaviglio P. Longitudinal waves propagation in a limestone: the relationship between velocity and density. Rock Mech Rock Eng 22 (1989) 299-306
32. Schlumberger. Log interpretation principles and applications (1989), Schlumberger Education Services, Houston
33. McCann D.M., Culshaw M.G., and Northmore K.J. Rock mass assessment from seismic measurements. In: Bell A., Culshaw A., Cripps A., and Coffey A. (Eds). Fields testing in engineering geology vol. 6 (1990), Geological Society Engineering Geology Special Publications 257-266
34. Brereton N.R., and McCann D.M. A fresh look at predictive equations for compressional wave velocity-porosity. In: Worthington P. (Ed). Advances in core evaluation accuracy and precision in reserves estimation. Proceedings of the first society of core analysts. European core analysis symposium, May 1990 (May 1990), Gordon & Breach, London 270-298
35. Brereton NR. Physical property relationships from sites 765 and 766. In: Proceedings of the ocean drilling program, vol. 123, paper 23. Argo Abyssal Plain/Exmouth Plateau. Sites 765-766, 28 August-1 November 1988. NSF and Joint Oceanographic Institutions; 1992. p. 453-68.
36. Fjaer E., Holt R.M., Horsrud P., Raaen A.M., and Risnes R. Petroleum related rock mechanics (1992), Elsevier, Amsterdam
37. Moos D., Peska P., Finkbeiner T., and Zoback M.D. Comprehensive wellbore stability analysis utilizing quantitative risk assessment. J Petrol Sci Eng 38 (2003) 97-110
38. Chang C. Empirical rock strength logging in boreholes penetrating sedimentary formations. Geophys Explor 7 3 (2004) 174-183
39. Entwistle D.C., Hobbs P.R.N., Jones L.D., Gunn D., and Raines M.G. The relationships between effective porosity, uniaxial compressive strength and sonic velocity of intact Borrowdale Volcanic Group core samples from Sellafield. Geotech Geol Eng 23 (2005) 793-809
40. Alti{dotless}ndag R., and Guney A. Effect of the specimen size on the determination of consistent shore hardness values. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 42 (2005) 153-160
41. Griffith J.H. Physical properties of typical American rocks. Iowa Eng Exper Stn Bull 131 (1937)
42. Wuerker R. The status of testing strength of rock. Trans Min Eng AIME (1953) 1108-1113
43. Atkinson R.H. Hardness tests for rock characteristics. In: Hudson J.A. (Ed). Compressive rock engineering vol. 3 (1993), Pergamon, Oxford 105-117
44. Koncagül E.C., and Santi P.M. Predicting the unconfined compressive strength of the Breathitt shale using slake durability, shore hardness and rock structural properties. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36 (1999) 139-153
45. Yaşar E., and Erdoǧan Y. Estimation of rock physicomechanical properties using hardness methods. Eng Geol 71 (2004) 281-288
46. Ulusay R., Gökçeoglu C., and Sulukcu S. Draft ISRM suggested method for determining block punch strength index (BPI). Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 38 (2001) 1113-1119
47. Broch E., and Franklin J.A. The point load strength test. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abst 9 (1972) 669-697
48. ISRM. Suggested method for determining the point-load strength index. ISRM Committee on Field Tests, Doc, 1; 1972. p. 8-12.
49. Anon. The preparation of maps and plans in terms of engineering geology. Q J Eng Geol 5 (1972) 293-382
50. ISRM. In: Ulusay R., and Hudson J.A. (Eds). The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring (2007), Kazan Offset Press, Ankara 628
51. Bieniawski Z.T. Point load test in geotechnical practice. Eng Geol 9 (1975) 1-11
52. Al-Jassar SH, Hawkins AB. Geotechnical properties of the carboniferous-limestone of the Bristol area, the influence of petrography and chemistry. In: Proceedings of the fourth congress of international society for rock mechanics, Montreux, vol. 1, 1979. p. 3-14.
53. Wijk G. The point load test for the tensile strength of rock. Geotech Test J 3 (1980) 49-54
54. Read JRL, Thornten PN, Regan WM. A rational approach to the point load test. In: Proceedings of the third Australia-New Zealand geomechanics conference, vol. 2, 1980. p. 35-9.
55. Hassani FP, Scoble MJ, Whittaker BN. Application of point load index test to strength determination of rock and proposals for new size-correction chart. In: Proceedings of the 21st US symposium on rock mechanics. Rolla, Missouri, 1980. p. 543-64.
56. Singh DP. Determination of some engineering properties of weak rocks. In: Proceedings of international symposium on weak rock. Tokyo, 1981. p. 21-4.
57. Forster I.R. The influence of core sample geometry on the axial point-load test. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 20 (1983) 291-295
58. Gunsallus K.L., and Kulhawy F.H. A comparative evaluation of rock strength measures. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 21 (1984) 233-248
59. Norbury DR. The point load test. In: Site investigation practice in assessing BS 5930. Special Publication No. 2; 1986. p. 325-29.
60. Cargill J.S., and Shakoor A. Evaluation of empirical methods for measuring the uniaxial compressive strength of rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 27 6 (1990) 495-503
61. Grasso P, Xu S, Mahtab A. Problems and promises of index testing of rocks. In: Tillerson JR, Wawersik WR, editors. Proceedings of the 33rd US symposium on rock Mechanics. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1992. p. 879-88.
62. Chau K.T., and Wong R.H.C. Uniaxial compressive strength and point load strength. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 33 (1996) 183-188
63. Smith H.J. The point load test for weak rock in dredging applications. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 34 3-4 (1997) 702
64. Tuǧrul A., and Zarif I.H. Correlation of mineralogical and textural characteristics with engineering properties of selected granitic rocks from Turkey. Eng Geol 51 (1999) 303-317
65. Quane S.L., and Russel J.K. Rock strength as a metric of welding intensity in pyroclastic deposits. Eur J Miner 15 (2003) 855-864
66. Tsiambaos G., and Sabatakakis N. Considerations on strength of intact sedimentary rocks. Eng Geol 72 (2004) 261-273
67. Palchik V., and Hatzor Y.H. The influence of porosity on tensile and compressive strength of porous chalk. Rock Mech Rock Eng 37 4 (2004) 331-341
68. Fener M., Kahraman S., Bilgili A., and Gunaydin O. A comparative evaluation of indirect methods to estimate the compressive strength of rocks. Rock Mech Rock Eng 38 4 (2005) 329-343
69. SPSS 10.0.1. Statistical analysis software (standard version). SPSS Inc; 1999.
70. Alvarez G.M., and Babuska R. Fuzzy model for the prediction of unconfined compressive strength of rock samples. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36 (1999) 339-349
71. Finol J., Guo Y.K., and Jing X.D. A rule based fuzzy model for the prediction of petrophysical rock parameters. J Pet Sci Eng 29 (2001) 97-113
72. Gökçeoglu C. A fuzzy triangular chart to predict the uniaxial compressive strength of Ankara agglomerates from their petrographic composition. Eng Geol 66 (2002) 39-51
73. Gökçeoglu C., and Zorlu K. A fuzzy model to predict the uniaxial compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity of a problematic rock. Eng Appl Artif Intell 17 (2004) 61-72
74. Yilmaz I., and Yuksek A.G. An example of artificial neural network application for indirect estimation of rock parameters. Rock Mech Rock Eng 41 (2008) 781-795
75. Yilmaz I., and Yuksek A.G. Prediction of the strength and elasticity modulus of gypsum using multiple regression, ANN, ANFIS models and their comparison. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 46 (2009) 803-810
76. Itasca. FLAC3D-fast Lagrangian analysis of continua-user manual (dynamic option) (version 2.0). Minneapolis: Itasca Consulting Group Inc; 2005.