Analysis of running child pedestrians impacted by a vehicle using rigid-body models and optimization techniques

Safety Science

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 259-267

  Untaroiu, Costin D ^a   Crandall, Jeff R ^a   Takahashi, Yukou ^b   Okamoto, Masayoshi ^b   Ito, Osamu ^b   Fredriksson, Rikard ^c  

^a University of Virginia   (United States)

^b HONDA R AND D CO LTD   (Japan)

^c AUTOLIV RESEARCH   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Accident reconstruction; Child pedestrian; Impact biomechanics; Mathematical simulation; Optimization; Running gait

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION; CHILD PEDESTRIAN; IMPACT BIOMECHANICS; MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION; RUNNING GAIT;

AUTOMOBILE BODIES; BIOMECHANICS; HEURISTIC ALGORITHMS; HIGHWAY ACCIDENTS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; REPAIR; SIMULATED ANNEALING; SIMULATORS; VEHICLES;

PEDESTRIAN SAFETY;

ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY POSTURE; CHILDHOOD INJURY; GENETIC ALGORITHM; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PEDESTRIAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RUNNING; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; VELOCITY;

EID: 70449522283     PISSN: 09257535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2009.09.003     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Anderson, R., McLean, J., Streeter, L., Ponte, G., Sommariva, M., Lindsay, T., Wundersitz, L., 2002. Severity and type of pedestrian injuries related to vehicle impact locations and results of sub-system impact reconstruction. In: Proceeding of IRCOBI Conference, Munich, September 2002.
2. Anderson R., Streeter L., Ponte G., van de Griend M., Lindsay T., and McLean J. Pedestrian subsystem head impact results reflect the severity of pedestrian head injuries. International Journal of Vehicle Design 32 1/2 (2003) 1-15
3. Anderson, R., McLean, J., Dokko, Y., 2005. Determining accurate contact definition in multi-body simulations for DOE-type reconstruction of head impacts in pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Paper 05-0175, Washington, DC, USA.
4. Bose D., Bhalla K., Untaroiu C., Ivarsson B.J., Crandall J., and Hurwitz S. Injury tolerance and moment response of the knee joint to combined valgus bending and shear loading. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering/ASME Transactions 130 3 (2008) 031008-1-8
5. Brach R.M., and Brach R.T. Vehicle Accident Analysis and Reconstruction Methods (2005), Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA
6. Cavanagh P.R., and Lafortune M.A. Ground reaction forces in distance running. Journal of Biomechanics 13 5 (1980) 397-406
7. Chong E.K.P., and Zak S.H. An Introduction to Optimization (2001), John Wiley and Sons Ltd., New York
8. Davis, R.B., Ounpuu, S., 1991. A comparison of 2D and 3D techniques for the determination of normal pediatric running kinematics. In: Bioengineering Conference, Proceedings of the 1991 IEEE Seventeenth Annual Northeast, Hartford, CT, pp. 279-280.
9. Forsberg J., and Nilsson L. Evaluation of response surface methodologies used in crashworthiness optimization. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 32 5 (2006) 759-777
10. Ito O., Okamoto M., Takahashi Y., Mori F., Meissner M., Untaroiu C., and Crandall J. Validation of a human FE lower limb model for a child pedestrian against accident data. JSAE Transaction 39 1 (2008) 21-26
11. Kerrigan J., Parent D., Untaroiu C.D., Crandall J., and Deng B. New approach to multi-body model development: pedestrian lower extremity. Traffic Injury Prevention 10 4 (2009) 386-397
12. Konosu A. Reconstruction analysis for car-pedestrian accidents using computer simulation model. JSAE Review (2002) 357-363
13. Kuhtz-Buschbeck J.P., Brockmann K., Gilster R., Koch A., and Stolze H. Asymmetry of arm-swing not related to handedness. Gait and Posture 27 3 (2008) 447-454
14. Leglatin N., Blundell M., and Blount G. The simulation of pedestrian impact with a combined multibody finite elements system model. Journal of Engineering Design 17 5 (2006) 463-477
15. Levine D., Colston M.A., Whittle M.W., Pharo E.C., and Marcellin-Little D.J. Sagittal lumbar spine position during standing, walking, and running at various gradients. Journal of Athletic Training 42 1 (2007) 29-34
16. Liu X.J., and Yang J.K. Development of child pedestrian mathematical models and evaluation with accident reconstruction. Traffic Injury Prevention 3 (2002) 321-329
17. MADYMO 2006, Application Manual Release 6.3.1.
18. Metropolis N., Rosenbluth A., Rosenbluth M., Teller A., and Teller E. Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines. Journal of Chemical Physics 21 6 (1953) 1087-1092
19. ModeFrontier. User Manual (2006), ESTECO Ltd., Trieste, Italy
20. Mizuno, Y. 2003. Summary of IHRA pedestrian safety WG activities (2003) -proposed tests methods to evaluate pedestrian protection afforded by passenger cars. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Paper 580, Nagoya, Japan, May.
21. Mizuno K., Iwata K., Deguchi T., Ikami T., and Kubota M. Development of a 3-year-old child FE model. Traffic Injury Prevention 6 4 (2005) 361-371
22. Okamoto, M., Takahashi, Y., Mori, F., Hitosugi M., Madeley, J., Ivarsson, J., Crandall, J.R., 2003. Development of finite element model for child pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of 18th ESV Conference.
23. Novacheck T.F. The biomechanics of running. Gait and Posture 7 1 (1998) 77-95
24. Pedestrian Crash Data Study (PCDS), 1996. Data collection, coding and editing manual. US Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
25. Rayward-Smith V.J., Osman I.H., Reeves C.R., and Smith G.D. Modern Heuristic Search Methods (1996), John Willey, Chichester, England
26. Schache A.G., Blanch P., Rath D., Wrigley T., and Bennell K. Three-dimensional angular kinematics of the lumbar spine and pelvis during running. Human Movement Science 21 2 (2002) 273-293
27. Serre T., Masson C., Perrin C., Chalandon S., Llari M., Py M., Cavallero C., and Cesari D. Pedestrian and bicyclists accidents: in-depth investigation, numerical simulation and experimental reconstitution with PMHS. International Journal of Crashworthiness 12 3 (2007) 227-234
28. Shen J., and Lin X. Reconstruction of pedestrian-vehicle accident using sequential linear programming optimizer. International Journal of Crashworthiness 12 6 (2007) 653-662
29. Shen J., and Lin X. Improvement in numerical reconstruction for vehicle-pedestrian accidents. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222 1 (2008) 25-39
30. Takahashi Y., Kikuchi Y., Konosu A., and Ishikawa H. Development and validation of the finite element model for the human lower limb of pedestrians. Stapp Car Crash Journal 44 (2000) (2000-01-SC22)
31. Untaroiu C.D., Darvish K., Crandall J., Deng B., and Wang J.T. A finite element model of the lower limb for simulating pedestrian impact. Stapp Car Crash Journal 49 (2005) 157-181
32. Untaroiu C.D., Shin J., and Crandall J. A design optimization approach of vehicle hood for pedestrian protection. International Journal of Crashworthiness 12 6 (2007) 581-589
33. Untaroiu C.D., Allaire P., and Foiles B. Balancing of flexible rotors using convex optimization techniques - generalized min-max LMI influence coefficient method. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics/ASME Transactions 130 2 (2008) (021006-1-5)
34. Untaroiu, C.D., 2009. A numerical investigation of mid-femoral injury tolerance in axial compression and bending loading. International Journal of Crashworthiness, in press.
35. Untaroiu C.D., Meissner M., Crandall J., Takahashi Y., Okamoto M., and Ito O. Crash reconstruction of pedestrian accidents using optimization techniques. International Journal of Impact Engineering 36 2 (2009) 210-219
36. van Rooij, L., Bhalla, K., Meissner, M.U., Ivarsson, J., Crandall, J., Longhitano, D., Takahashi, Y., Dokko, Y., Kikuchi, Y., 2003. Pedestrian crash reconstruction using multi-body modeling with geometrically detailed, validated vehicle models and advanced pedestrian injury criteria. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Paper 468, Nagoya, Japan.
37. Yao J.F., Yang J.K., and Fredriksson R. Reconstruction of head-to-hood impact in an automobile-to-child-pedestrian collision. International Journal of Crashworthiness 11 4 (2006) 387-395
38. Yao J., Yang J., and Otte D. Head injuries in child pedestrian accidents - in-depth case analysis and reconstructions. Traffic Injury Prevention 8 1 (2007) 94-100
39. Yao J., Yang J., and Otte D. Investigation of head injuries by reconstructions of real-world vehicle-versus-adult-pedestrian accidents. Safety Science 46 7 (2008) 1103-1114
40. World Bank Group: Road Safety. 2009. (accessed 9.26.09).