Unravelling the effects of melt depletion and secondary infiltration on mantle Re-Os isotopes beneath the French Massif Central

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

Volumn 74, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 293-320

  Harvey, J ^a   Gannoun, A ^a,b   Burton, K W ^a,c   Schiano, P ^b   Rogers, N W ^a   Alard, O ^a,d  

^a OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITÉ BLAISE PASCAL   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIV MONTPELLIER   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOCHRONOLOGY; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; ISOTOPIC RATIO; MASSIVE SULFIDE; MELT INCLUSION; METASOMATISM; OSMIUM ISOTOPE; PERIDOTITE; RHENIUM; SILICATE; TRACE ELEMENT;

EURASIA; EUROPE; FRANCE; MASSIF CENTRAL; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 70449490379     PISSN: 00167037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2009.09.031     Document Type: Article

References (184)

1. Ackerman L., Walker R.J., Puchtel I.S., Pitcher L., Jelnek E., and Strnad L. Effects of melt percolation on highly siderophile elements and Os isotopes in subcontinental lithospheric mantle: a study of the upper mantle profile beneath Central Europe. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73 (2009) 2400-2414
2. Alard O., Griffin W.L., Pearson N.J., Lorand J.-P., and O'Reilly S.Y. New insights into the Re-Os systematics of sub-continental lithospheric mantle from in-situ analysis of sulfides. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 203 (2002) 651-663
3. Alard O., Luguet A., Pearson N.J., Griffin W.L., Lorand J.-P., Gannoun A., Burton K.W., and O'Reilly S.Y. In situ Os isotopes in abyssal peridotites bridge the isotopic gap between MORBs and their source mantle. Nature 436 (2005) 1005-1008
4. Alexandrov P., Cheilletz A., Deloule E., and Cuney M. 319 ± 7 Ma crystallisation age for the blond granite (northwest Limousin, French Massif Central) obtained by U/Pb ion probe dating of zircons. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la Terre et des planetès 330 (2000) 617-622
5. Andersen T., O'Reilly S.Y., and Griffin W.L. The trapped fluid phase in upper mantle xenoliths from Victoria: implications for mantle metasomatism. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 88 (1984) 72-95
6. Babuska V., Plomerova J., Vecsey L., Granet M., and Achauer U. Seismic anisotropy of the French Massif Central and predisposition of Cenozoic rifting and volcanism by Variscan suture hidden in the mantle lithosphere. Tectonics 21 (2002) 11-20
7. Baker M.D., and Stolper E.M. Determining the composition of high pressure melts using diamond aggregates. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58 (1994) 2811-2827
8. Baker M.D., Hirschmann M.M., Ghiorso M.S., and Stolper E.M. Composition of near solidus peridotite melts from experiments and thermodynamic calculations. Nature 375 (1995) 308-311
9. Ballhaus C., Bockrath C., Wohlgemuth-Uebewasser C., Laurenz V., and Berndt J. Fractionation of the noble metals by physical processes. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 152 (2006) 667-684
10. Becker H., Horan M.F., Walker R.J., Gao S., Lorand J.-P., and Rudnick R.L. Highly siderophile element composition of the Earth's primitive upper mantle: constraints from new data on peridotite massifs and xenoliths. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70 (2006) 4528-4550
11. Bedini R.M., Bodinier J.-L., Dautria J.M., and Morten L. Evolution of LILE-enriched small melt fractions in the lithospheric mantle: a case study from the East African Rift. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 153 (1997) 67-83
12. Bedini R.M., and Bodinier J.-L. Distribution of trace elements between the constituent phases of spinel peridotite xenoliths: ICP-MS evidence from the East African Rift. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63 (1999) 3883-3900
13. Bezmen N.I., Asif M., Brugmann G.E., Romanenko I.M., and Naldrett A.J. Distribution of Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os, and Au between sulfide and silicate melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58 (1994) 1251-1260
14. Birck J.-L., Roy-Barman M., and Capmas F. Re-Os isotopic measurements at the femtomole level in natural samples. Geostand. Newslett. 20 1 (1997) 19-27
15. Bockrath C., Ballhaus C., and Holzheid A. Fractionation of the platinum group elements during mantle melting. Science 305 (2004) 1951-1953
16. Bodinier J.-L. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Lanzo peridotite body, western Alps. Tectonophysics 149 (1988) 67-88
17. Bodinier J.-L., and Godard M. Orogenic, ophiolitic and abyssal peridotites. Treatise Geochem. 2 04 (2004) 103-170
18. Boudier F., and Nicolas A. Structural controls on partial melting in the Lanzo peridotite. In: Dick H.J.B. (Ed). Magma Genesis; Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on Partial Melting in the Earth's Upper Mantle vol. 96 (1977), State Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Portland, USA 63-79
19. Boyd F.R., and Nixon P.H. Ultramafic nodules from the Kimberley pipes, South Africa. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 42 (1978) 1367-1382
20. Boyd F.R., Pokhilenko N.P., Pearson D.G., Mertzman S.A., Sobolev N.V., and Finger L.W. Composition of the Siberian cratonic mantle: evidence from Udachnaya peridotite xenoliths. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 128 (1997) 228-246
21. Brandon A.D., Creaser R.A., Shirey S.B., and Carlson R.W. Osmium recycling in subduction zones. Science 272 (1996) 861-864
22. Brenan J.M., McDonough W.F., and Ash R. An experimental study of the solubility and partitioning of iridium, osmium and gold between olivine and silicate melt. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 237 (2005) 855-872
23. Brey G.P., and Kohler T. Geothermobarometry in 4 phase spinel lherzolites II: a practical assessment of existing thermobarometers. J. Petrol. 31 (1990) 1353-1378
24. Brown G.M., Pinsent R.H., and Coisy P. The petrology of spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Massif Central, France. Am. J. Sci. 280-A (1980) 471-498
25. Buchl A., Brügmann G., Batanova V.G., Münker C., and Hofmann A.W. Melt percolation monitored by Os isotopes and HSE abundances: a case study from the mantle section of the Troodos ophiolite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 204 (2002) 385-402
26. Burnham O.M., Rogers N.W., Pearson D.G., van Calsteren P., and Hawkesworth C.J. The petrogenesis of the eastern Pyrrenian peridotites: an integrated study of their whole-rock geochemistry and Re-Os isotope composition. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 2293-2310
27. Burton K.W., Schiano P., Birck J.-L., and Allegre C.J. Osmium isotope disequilibrium between mantle minerals in a spinel lherzolite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 172 (1999) 311-322
28. Burton K.W., Schiano P., Birck J.-L., Allegre C.J., Rehkämper M., Halliday A.N., and Dawson J.B. The distribution of rhenium and osmium amongst mantle minerals and the age of the lithospheric mantle beneath Tanzania. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 183 (2000) 93-106
29. Canil D., and Fedortchouk Y. Clinopyroxene-liquid partitioning for vanadium and the oxygen fugacity during the formation of cratonc and oceanic mantle lithosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 105 (2000) 26003-26016
30. Canil D. Vanadium in peridotites, mantle redox and tectonic environments: Archean to present. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 195 (2002) 75-90
31. Canil D. Mildly incompatible elements in peridotites and the origins of mantle lithosphere. Lithos 77 (2004) 375-393
32. Carlson R.W., and Irving A.J. Depletion and enrichment history of sub-continental lithospheric mantle: an Os, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic study of ultramafic xenoliths from the north-western Wyoming craton. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 126 (1994) 457-472
33. Carswell D.A. Possible primary upper mantle peridotite in Norwegian basal gneiss. Lithos 1 (1968) 322-355
34. Chesley J.T., Rudnick R.L., and Lee C.-T. Re-Os systematics of mantle xenoliths from the East African Rift: evidence for longevity of cratonic mantle and metasomatic Os addition. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63 (1999) 1203-1217
35. Chesley J.T., Righter K., and Ruiz J. Large scale mantle metasomatism: a Re-Os perspective. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 219 (2004) 49-60
36. Chazot G., Menzies M.A., and Harte B. Determination of partition coefficients between apatite, clinopyroxene, amphibole and melt in natural spinel lherzolites from Yemen: implications for wet melting of the lithospheric mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60 (1996) 423-437
37. Coisy P., and Nicolas A. Regional structure and geodynamics of the upper mantle beneath the Massif Central. Nature 274 (1978) 429-432
38. Condie K.C., Cox J., O'Reilly S.Y., Griffin W.L., and Kerrich R. Distribution of high field strength and rare earth elements in the mantle and lower crustal xenoliths from the south-western United States: the role of grain boundary phases. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68 (2004) 3919-3942
39. Creaser R.A., Papanastassiou D.A., and Wasserburg G.J. Negative thermal ion mass spectrometry of osmium, rhenium, and iridium. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55 (1991) 397-401
40. Dautria J.M., Dupuy C., Tahkerist D., and Dorstal J. Carbonate metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle: peridotitic xenoliths from a melilitic district of the Sahara Basin. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 111 (1992) 37-52
41. Dickey J.S. Partial fusion products in alpine-type peridotites: Serrania de Ronda and other examples. Spec. Pap. Mineral. Soc. Am. 3 (1970) 33-49
42. Downes H., and Dupuy C. Textural, isotopic, and R.E.E. variations in spinel peridotite xenoliths, Massif Central, France. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82 (1987) 121-135
43. Downes H. Shear zones in the upper mantle - relation between geochemical enrichment and deformation in mantle peridotites. Geology 18 (1990) 374-377
44. Downes H., Reichow M.K., Mason P.R.D., Beard A.D., and Thirlwall M.F. Mantle domains in the lithosphere beneath the French Massif Central: trace element and isotopic evidence from mantle clinopyroxenes. Chem. Geol. 200 (2003) 71-87
45. Dromgoole E.L., and Pasteris J.D. Interpretation of the sulfide assemblages in a suite of xenoliths from Kilbourne Hole, New Mexico. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 215 (1987) 25-46
46. Eggler D.H. Solubility of major and trace elements in mantle metasomatic fluids: experimental constraints. In: Hawkesworth C.J., and Menzies M.A. (Eds). Mantle Metasomatism (1987), Academic Press Inc., London
47. Eggler D.H., and Lorand J.-P. Mantle sulfide oxybarometry. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57 (1993) 2213-2222
48. Eggins S.M., Rudnick R.L., and McDonough W.F. The composition of peridotite and their minerals: a laser ablation ICP MS study. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 154 (1998) 53-71
49. Escrig S., Schiano P., Schilling J.-G., and Allegre C.J. Rhenium-osmium isotope systematics in MORB from the southern mid-Atlantic ridge (40°-50°). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 235 (2005) 528-548
50. Femenias O., Coussaert J., Berger J.-C., Mercier C., and Demaiffe D. Metasomatism and melting history of a Variscan lithospheric mantle domain: evidence from the Puy Beaunit xenoliths (French Massif Central). Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 148 (2004) 13-28
51. Fleet M.E., Stone W.E., and Crocket J.H. Partitioning of palladium, iridium, and platinum between sulfide liquid and basalt melt: effects of melt composition, concentration and oxygen fugacity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55 (1991) 2545-2554
52. Fleet M.E., Crocket J.H., and Stone W.E. Partitioning of platinum group elements (Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd) and gold between sulfide liquid and basalt melt. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60 (1996) 2397-2412
53. Fonseca R.O.C., Mallmann G., O'Neill H.St.C., and Campbell I.H. How chalcophile is rhenium? An experimental study of the solubility of Re in sulfide mattes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 260 (2007) 537-548
54. Frey F.A., and Green D.H. The mineralogy, geochemistry and origin of lherzolite inclusions in Victorian basanites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38 (1974) 1023-1059
55. Frey F.A., and Prinz M. Ultramafic inclusions from San Carlos, Arizona: petrological and geochemical data bearing on their petrogenesis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 38 (1978) 129-176
56. Frey F.A., Suen C.J., and Stockman H.W. The Ronda high temperature peridotite: geochemistry and petrogenesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49 (1985) 2469-2491
57. Frey F.A., Shimizu N., Leinbach A., Obata M., and Takazawa E. Compositional variations within the lower layered zone of the Horoman peridotite, Hokkaido, Japan: constraints on models for melt-solid segregation. In: Menzies M.A., Dupuy C., and Nicholas A. (Eds). Orogenic Lherzolites and Mantle Processes. Spec. Vol. J. Pet. (1991), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 211-227
58. Gaetani G.A., and Grove T.L. Wetting of mantle olivine by sulfide melt: implications for Re/Os ratios in the mantle peridotite and late-stage core formation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 169 (1999) 147-163
59. Galer S.J.G., and O'Nions R.K. Chemical and isotopic studies of ultramafic inclusions from the San Carlos Volcanic Field, Arizona: a bearing on their petrogenesis. J. Petrol. 30 (1988) 1033-1064
60. Gannoun A., Burton K.W., Thomas L.E., Parkinson I.J., van Calsteren P., and Schiano P. Osmium isotope heterogeneity in the constituent phases of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts. Science 303 (2004) 70-72
61. Gannoun A., Burton K.W., Parkinson I.J., Alard O., Schiano P., and Thomas L.E. The scale and origin of the osmium isotope variations in mid-ocean ridge basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 259 (2007) 541-556
62. Gao S., Rudnick R.L., Carlson R.W., McDonough W.F., and Liu Y.-S. Re-Os evidence for replacement of ancient mantle lithosphere beneath the North China craton. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 198 (2002) 307-322
63. Granet M., Wilson M., and Achauer U. Imaging a mantle plume beneath the French Massif Central. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 136 (1995) 281-296
64. Griffin W.L., Smith D., Ryan C.G., O'Reilly S.Y., and Win T.T. Trace element zoning in mantle minerals: metasomatism and thermal events in the upper mantle. Can. Mineral. 34 (1996) 1179-1193
65. Griffin W.L., Graham W.S., O'Reilly S.Y., and Pearson N.J. Lithosphere evolution beneath the Kaapvaal Craton: Re-Os systematics of sulfides in mantle derived peridotites. Chem. Geol. 208 (2004) 89-118
66. Gurney J.J., and Harte B. Chemical variations in upper mantle nodules from southern African kimberlites. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A297 (1980) 273-293
67. Handler M.R., Bennett V.C., and Dreibus G. Evidence from correlated Ir/Os and Cu/S for late stage Os mobility in peridotite xenoliths: implications for Re-Os systematics. Geology 27 (1999) 75-78
68. Hart S.R., and Zindler A. In search of a bulk Earth composition. Chem. Geol. 57 (1986) 247-267
69. Hart, S. R. and Ravizza, G. (1996) Os partitioning between phases in lherzolite and basalt. In Earth Processes: Reading the Isotopic Code (eds. Basu, A. and Hart, S. R.) AGU, Washington, Geophys. Mon. 95, 123-134.
70. Hartmann G., and Wedephol K.H. The composition of peridotite tectonites from the Ivrea complex, northern Italy: residues from melt extraction. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57 (1993) 1761-1782
71. Harvey J., Gannoun A., Burton K.W., Rogers N.W., Alard O., and Parkinson I.J. Ancient melt extraction from the oceanic upper mantle revealed by Re-Os isotopes in abyssal peridotites from the Mid-Atlantic ridge. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 244 (2006) 606-621
72. Hauri E.H., and Hart S.R. Rhenium abundances and systematics in oceanic basalts. Chem. Geol. 139 (1997) 185-205
73. Herzberg C. Geodynamic information in peridotite petrology. J. Petrol. 45 (2004) 2507-2530
74. Hoernle K., Zang Y.-S., and Graham D. Seismic and geochemical evidence for large-scale upwelling beneath the eastern Atlantic and western and central Europe. Nature 374 (1995) 34-39
75. Hirn A. Le cadre structural profound d'après les profils sismiques, évolution structurale de France. 26 Congrés Géologique International Coll C-7 Mémoires Bureau. Géol. Mineral. 107 (1980) 34-39
76. Hirschmann M.M., Baker M.B., and Stolper E.M. The effect of alkalis on the silica content of mantle-derived melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 883-902
77. Hsieh J.-C., Vkach K.C., and Chang Y.A. The Fe-Ni-S system: I. A thermodynamic analysis of the phase equilibria, calculation of the phase diagram from 1173 to 1623 K. High Temp. Sci. 23 (1987) 17-38
78. Ionov D.A., Dupuy C., O'Reilly S.Y., Kopylova M.G., and Genschaft Y.S. Carbonated peridotite xenoliths from Spitzbergen: implications for the trace element signature of mantle carbonate metasomatism. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 119 (1993) 283-297
79. Ionov D.A., Shirey S.B., Weiss D., and Brügmann G. Os-Hf-Sr-Nd isotope and PGE systematics of spinel peridotite xenoliths from Tok, SE Siberian craton: effects of pervasive metasomatism in shallow refractory mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 241 (2006) 47-64
80. Ionov D.A., and Hofmann A.W. Depth of formation of subcontinental off-craton peridotites. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 261 (2007) 620-634
81. Irving A.J. Petrology and geochemistry of composite ultramafic xenoliths in alkali basalts and implications for magmatic processes in the mantle. Am. J. Sci. 280-A (1980) 389-426
82. Irving G.J., Pearson D.G., Kjarsgaard B.A., Carlson R.W., Kopylova M.G., and Dreibus G. A Re-Os isotope and PGE study of kimberlite-derived peridotite xenoliths from Somerset Island and a comparison to the Slave and Kaapvaal cratons. Lithos 71 (2003) 461-488
83. Jagoutz E., Palme H., Baddenhausen H., Blum K., Cendales M., Dreibus G., Spettel B., Lorenz V., and Waenke H. The abundances of major, minor and trace elements in the Earth's mantle as derived from primitive ultramafic nodules. In: Merrill R.B., Bogard D.D., Hoerz F., McKay D.S., and Robertson P.C. (Eds). Proceedings of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference vol. 2 (1979), Pergamon, New York 2031-2050
84. Kelemen P.B., Dick H.J.B., and Quick J.E. Formation of harzburgite by pervasive melt-rock reaction in the upper mantle. Nature 358 (1992) 635-641
85. Kopylova M.G., Russell J.K., and Cookenboo H. Petrology of peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths from the Jericho kimberlite: implications for the thermal state of the mantle beneath the Slave craton, northern Canada. Can. J. Petrol. 40 (1999) 79-104
86. Kuno H., and Aoki K. Chemistry of ultramafic nodules and their bearing on the origin of basaltic magmas. Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors 3 (1970) 273-301
87. Lardeau J.M., Ledru P., Daniel I., and Duchene S. The Variscan French Massif Central - an new addition to the ultra-high pressure metamorphic "club": exhumation processes and geodynamic consequences. Tectonophysics 332 (2001) 143-167
88. Lenoir X., Garrido C.J., Bodinier J.-L., and Dautria J.-M. Contrasting lithospheric domains beneath the Massif Central (France) revealed by the geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 181 (2000) 359-375
89. Le Roux V., Bodinier J.-L., Tommasi A., Alard O., Dautria J.-M., Vauchez A., and Riches A.J.V. The Lherz spinel lherzolite: refertilized rather than pristine mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 259 (2007) 599-612
90. Le Roux V., Tommasi A., and Vauchez A. Feedback between melt percolation and deformation in an exhumed lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 274 (2008) 401-413
91. Liu C.-Z., Snow J.E., Hellebrand E., Brügmann G., von der Handt A., Büchl A., and Hofmann A.W. Ancient, highly heterogeneous mantle beneath Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean. Nature 452 (2008) 311-316
92. Lorand J.-P., and Alard O. Platinum group element abundances in the upper mantle: new constraints from in situ and whole rock analyses of Massif Central xenoliths (France). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65 (2001) 2789-2806
93. Lorand J.-P., Alard O., Luguet A., and Keays R.R. Sulfur and selenium systematics of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle: inferences from the Massif Central xenolith suite (France). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67 (2003) 4137-4151
94. Lucazeau F., and Bayer R. Evolution geothermique et geodynamique du Massif Central Francais depuis l'Oligocene. Ann. Geophys. 38 (1982) 405-429
95. Luguet A., Lorand J.-P., and Seyler M. Sulfide petrology and highly siderophile element geochemistry of abyssal peridotites: a coupled study of samples from the Kane Fracture Zone (45°W 23°20′N, MARK area, Atlantic Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67 (2003) 1553-1570
96. Marcantonio F., Zindler A., Elliott T., and Staudigel H. Os isotope systematics of La Palma, Canary Islands: evidence for recycled crust in the mantle source of HIMU ocean islands. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 133 (1995) 397-410
97. Mallmann G., and O'Neil H.St.C. The effect of oxygen fugacity onthe partitioning of Re between crystals and silicate melt during mantle melting. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71 (2007) 2837-2857
98. Mavrogenes J.A., and O'Neill H.St.C. The relative effects of pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity on the solubility of sulfide in mafic magmas. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63 (1999) 1173-1180
99. McDonough W.F. Constraints on the composition of the continental lithospheric mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 101 (1990) 1-18
100. McDonough W.F., and Sun S.S. The composition of the Earth. Chem. Geol. 120 (1995) 223-253
101. McDonough W.F. Compositional model for the Earth's core. Treatise Geochem. 2 15 (2004) 547-568
102. McDonough, W. F. and Frey, F. A. (1989) Rare earth elements in upper mantle rocks. In Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements (eds. Lipin, B. R. and McKay, G. A.) Rev. Mineral. 21, 99-145.
103. McKenzie D., and Bickle M.J. The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of the lithosphere. J. Petrol. 29 (1988) 625-679
104. McKenzie D. Some remarks on the movement of small melt fractions in the mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 95 (1989) 53-72
105. 2 rich fluids at mantle conditions. Nature 340 (1989) 301-303
106. Meisel T., Walker R.J., and Morgan J.W. The osmium isotopic composition of the Earth's upper mantle. Nature 383 (1996) 517-520
107. Meisel T., Walker R.J., Irving A.J., and Lorand J.-P. Osmium isotopic composition of mantle xenoliths: a global perspective. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65 (2001) 1311-1323
108. Meisel T., Reisberg L., Moser J., Carignan J., Melcher F., and Brugmann G.E. Re-Os systematics of UB-N, a serpentinised peridotite reference material. Chem. Geol. 201 (2003) 161-179
109. Menzies M., and Allen C. Plagioclase lherzolite residual mantle relationships within two eastern Mediterranean ophiolites. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 45 (1974) 197-213
110. 2 and LREE rich mantle below eastern Australia: a rare earth and isotope study of alkaline magmas and apatite rich mantle xenoliths from the Southern Highlands Province, Australia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 65 (1983) 287-302
111. Menzies M.A., Arculus R.J., Best M.G., Bergman S.C., Ehrenberg S.N., Irving A.J., Roden M.F., and Schulze D.J. A record of subduction process and within-plate volcanism in lithospheric xenoliths of the south-western USA. In: Nixon P.N. (Ed). Mantle Xenoliths (1987), John Wiley and Sons, Chichester 59-74
112. Minarik W.G., Ryerson F.J., and Watson E.B. Textural entrapment of core-forming melts. Science 272 (1996) 530-533
113. Morgan J.W. Ultramafic xenoliths: clues to Earths late accretionary history. J. Geophys. Res. 91 (1986) 12375-12387
114. Müntener O., Pettke T., Desmurs L., Maier M., and Schaltegger U. Refertilization of mantle peridotite in embryonic ocean basins: trace element and Nd isotopic evidence and implications for crust-mantle relationships. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 221 (2004) 293-308
115. Nicolas A., Lucazeu F., and Bayer R. Peridotite xenoliths in Massif Central basalts, France: textural and geophysical evidence for asthenospheric diapirism. In: Nixon P.H. (Ed). Mantle Xenoliths (1987), John Wiley and Sons Ltd., London 563-574
116. Nixon P.H., and Boyd F.R. Petrogenesis of the granular and sheared ultrabasic nodule suite in kimberlite. In: Nixon P.H. (Ed). Lesotho Kimberlites (1973), Cape and Transvaal, Maseru 48-56
117. O'Reilly S.Y., and Griffin W.L. Mantle metasomatism beneath western Victoria, Australia: (I) metasomatic processes in Cr-diopside lherzolites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52 (1988) 433-447
118. Palme H., and Nickel K.G. Ca/Al ratio and composition of the Earth's upper mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49 (1985) 2123-2132
119. Palme H., and O'Neil H.St.C. Cosmochemical estimates of mantle composition. Treatise Geochem. 2 01 (2004) 1-38
120. Pearson D.G., Carlson R.W., Shirey S.B., Boyd F.R., and Nixon P.H. Stabilisation of Archean lithospheric mantle: a Re-Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from the Kaapvaal craton. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 134 (1995) 341-357
121. Pearson D.G., Shirey S.B., Carlson R.W., Boyd F.R., Pokhilenko N.P., and Shimizu N. Re-Os, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotope evidence for thick Archean lithospheric beneath the Siberian craton modified by multistage metasomatism. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59 (1995) 959-977
122. Pearson D.G., Shirey S.B., Harris J.W., and Carlson R.W. Sulfide inclusions in diamonds from the Kofiefontein kimberlite, S. Africa: constraints on diamond ages and mantle Re-Os systematics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 160 (1998) 311-326
123. Pearson D.G. The age of continental roots. Lithos 48 (1999) 171-194
124. Pearson D.G., Canil D., and Shirey S.B. Mantle samples included in volcanic rocks: xenoliths and diamonds. Treatise Geochem. 2 05 (2003) 171-275
125. Pegram B.J., and Allègre C.J. Osmium isotopic compositions from oceanic basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 111 (1992) 59-68
126. Pin C., and Marini F. Early Ordovician continental break-up in Variscan Europe: Nd-Sr isotope and trace element evidence for bimodal igneous associations of the Southern French Massif Central. Lithos 29 (1993) 177-196
127. Rampone E., Bottazzi P., and Ottolini L. Complementary Ti and Zr anomalies in orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene from mantle peridotites. Nature 354 (1991) 518-520
128. Rampone E., Romairone A., Abouchami W., Piccardo G.B., and Hofmann A.W. Chronology, petrology and isotope geochemistry of the Erro-Tobbio peridotites (Ligurian Alps, Italy): records of late Palaeozoic lithospheric extension. J. Pet. 46 (2005) 799-827
129. Rampone E., and Borghini G. Melt migration and intrusion in the Erro-Tobbio peridotites (Ligurian Alps, Italy): insights on lithospheric processes in extending lithospheric mantle. Eur. J. Mineral. 20 (2008) 573-585
130. Rehkämper M., Halliday A.N., Alt J., Fitton J.G., Zipfel J., and Takazawa E. Non-chondritic platinum-group element ratios in oceanic mantle lithosphere: petrogenetic signature of melt percolation?. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 172 (1999) 65-81
131. Reisberg L., Zindler A., Marcantonio F., White W., Wyman D., and Weaver B. Os isotope systematics in ocean island basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 120 (1993) 149-167
132. Reisberg L., and Lorand J.-P. Longevity of sub-continental mantle lithosphere from osmium isotope systematics in orogenic peridotite massifs. Nature 376 (1995) 159-162
133. Reisberg L., Zhi X., Lorand J.-P., Wagner C., Peng Z., and Zimmermann C. Re-Os and S systematics of spinel peridotite xenoliths from east central China: evidence for contrasting effects of melt percolation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 239 (2005) 286-308
134. Righter K., and Hauri E.H. Compatibility of rhenium in garnet during mantle melting and magma genesis. Science 280 (1998) 1737-1741
135. Righter K., Campbell A.J., Humayun M., and Hervig M.R.L. Partitioning of Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Ir and Au between Cr-bearing spinel, olivine, pyroxene and silicate melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68 (2004) 867-880
136. Rivalentti G., Vannucci R., Rampone E., Mezzucchelli M., and Piccardo G.B. Peridotite clinopyroxene geochemistry reflects mantle processes rather than continental versus oceanic settings. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 139 (1996) 423-437
137. Robinson J.A.C., Wood B.J., and Blundy J.D. The beginning of melting of fertile and depleted peridotite at 1.5 GPa. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 155 (1998) 97-111
138. Roden M.F., Frey F.A., and Francis D. An example of consequent mantle metasomatism in peridotite inclusions from Nunivak Island, Alaska. J. Petrol. 25 (1984) 547-577
139. Roden M.F., Irving A.J., and Murthy V.R. Isotopic and trace element composition of the upper mantle beneath a young continental rift: results from Kilbourne Hole, New Mexico. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52 (1988) 461-476
140. Rosenbaum J.M., Wilson M., and Condliffe E. Partial melts of phosphatic sediments in the mantle. Geology 25 (1997) 77-80
141. Ross C.S., Foster D.M., and Myers A.T. Origin of dunites and olivine rich inclusions in basaltic rocks. Am. Mineral. 39 9-10 (1954) 693-737
142. Roy-Barman M., Wasserburg G.J., Papanastassiou D.A., and Chaussidon M. Osmium isotopic compositions and Re-Os concentrations in sulfide globules from basaltic glasses. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 154 (1998) 331-347
143. Rudnick R.L., McDonough W.F., and Chappell B.W. Carbonatite metasomatism in the northern Tanzanian mantle: petrographic and geochemical characteristics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 114 (1993) 463-475
144. Rudnick, R. L. and Walker, R. J. (2009) Interpreting ages from Re-Os isotopes in peridotites. Lithos. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.04.042.
145. Salters V.J.M., and Stracke A. Composition of the depleted mantle. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 5 5 (2004) 1525-2027
146. Sattari P., Brenan J.M., Horn I., and McDonough W.F. Experimental constraints on the sulfide- and chromite-silicate melt partitioning behaviour of rhenium and platinum-group elements. Econ. Geol. 97 (2002) 385-398
147. Schiano P., and Clocchiatti R. Worldwide occurrence of silica-rich melts in sub-oceanic and sub-continental mantle minerals. Nature 368 (1994) 621-624
148. Schiano P., Birck J.-L., and Allègre C.J. Osmium-strontium-neodymium-lead isotopic covariations in mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses and the heterogeneity of the upper mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 150 (1997) 363-379
149. Schiano P., Bourdon B., Clocchiatti R., Massare D., Varela M.E., and Bottinga Y. Low-degree partial melting trends recorded in upper mantle minerals. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 160 (1998) 537-550
150. Schiano P., and Bourdon B. On the preservation of mantle information in ultramafic nodules: glass inclusions within minerals versus interstitial glass. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 169 (1999) 173-188
151. Schmidt G., and Snow J. Os isotopes in mantle xenoliths from the Eifel volcanic field and the Vogelsberg (Germany): age constraints on the lithospheric mantle. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 143 (2002) 694-705
152. Seyler M., Lorand J.-P., Dick H.B.J., and Drouin M. Pervasive melt-percolation reactions in ultra-depleted refractory harzburgites at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 15°20N, ODP Hole 1274. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 153 (2007) 303-319
153. Shirey S.B., and Walker R.J. Carius tube digestion for low-blank rhenium-osmium analysis. Anal. Chem. 34 (1995) 2134-2141
154. Shirey S.B., and Walker R.J. The Re-Os isotope system in cosmochemistry and high temperature geochemistry. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 26 (1998) 423-500
155. Sobolev N.V. Deep-Seated Inclusions in Kimberlites and the Problem of the Composition of the Upper Mantle (1974), Nauka, Novosibirsk 264 pp. (in Russian)
156. Sobolev S.V., Zeyen H., Stoll G., Werling F., Altherr R., and Fuchs K. Upper mantle temperatures from teleseismic mantle tomography of French Massif Central including effects of composition, mineral reaction, anharmocity, anelasticity and partial melt. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 139 (1996) 147-163
157. Stosch H.G., and Seck H.A. Geochemistry and mineralogy of two spinel peridotite suites from Dreiser Weiher, West Germany. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 44 (1980) 457-470
158. Sun W., Bennett V.C., Eggins S.M., Arculus R.J., and Perfit M.R. Rhenium systematics in submarine MORB and back-arc basin glasses: laser ablation ICP-MS results. Chem. Geol. 196 (2003) 259-281
159. Tarantola A., and Valette B. Generalized non-linear inverse problems solved using the least squares criterion. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 20 (1982) 219-232
160. Touron S., Renac C., O'Reilly S.Y., Cottin J.-Y., and Griffin W.L. Characterisation of the metasomatic agent in mantle xenoliths from Devès, Massif Central (France) using coupled trace-element and O, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. In: Coltorti M., and Grégoire M. (Eds). Metasomatism in Oceanic and Continental Lithospheric Mantle. Special Publications 283 (2008), Geological Society, London 177-196
161. van Acken D., Becker H., and Walker R.J. Refertilization of Jurassic oceanic peridotites from the Tethys ocean - implications for the Re-Os systematics of the upper mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 268 (2008) 171-181
162. Volkening J., Walczyk T., and Heumann K. Os isotope ratio determinations by negative thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 105 (1991) 147-159
163. Walker R.J., Echeverria L.M., Shirey S.B., and Horan M.F. Re-Os isotopic constraints on the origin of volcanic rocks, Gorgona Island, Colombia: Os isotopic evidence for ancient heterogeneities in the mantle. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 107 (1991) 150-162
164. Walter M.J. Melt extraction and compositional variability in mantle lithosphere. In: Holland H.D., and Turekian K.K. (Eds). Treatise on Geochemistry (2003), Elsevier, Amsterdam 363-394
165. Watson E.B., Ben Othman D., Luck J.-M., and Hofmann A.W. Partitioning of U, Pb, Cs, Yb, Hf, Re and Os between chromian diopsidic pyroxene and haplobasaltic liquid. Chem. Geol. 62 (1987) 191-208
166. Wells P.R.A. Pyroxene in simple and complex systems. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 62 (1977) 62-129
167. Wilshire H.G., and Shervais J.W. Al-augite and Cr-diopside ultramafic xenoliths in basaltic rocks from the Western United States. Phys. Chem. Earth 9 (1975) 257-272
168. Wilshire H.G., and Kirby S.H. Dykes, joints and faults in the upper mantle. Tectonophysics 161 (1989) 23-31
169. Wilson M., and Downes H. Tertiary-Quaternary extension-related alkaline magmatism in western and central Europe. J. Petrol. 32 (1991) 811-849
170. Wilson M., Rosenbaum J.M., and Dunworth E.A. Melilitites: partial melts of the thermal boundary layer?. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 119 (1995) 181-196
171. Witt-Eickschen G., and Kramm U. Evidence for the multiple stage evolution of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Eifel (Germany) from pyroxenite and composite pyroxenite/peridotite xenoliths. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 131 (1998) 258-272
172. Witt-Eickschen G., Seck H.A., Mezger K., Eggins S.M., and Altherr R. Lithospheric mantle evolution beneath the Eifel (Germany): constraints from Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes and trace element abundances in spine peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths. J. Petrol. 44 (2003) 1077-1095
173. Wittig N., Baker J.A., and Downes H. Dating the mantle roots of young continental crust. Geology 34 (2006) 237-240
174. Wittig N., Baker J.A., and Downes H. U-Th-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope constraints on the evolution of sub-continental lithospheric mantle, French Massif Central. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71 (2007) 1290-1311
175. Wittig N., Pearson D.G., Downes H., and Baker J.A. The U, Th and Pb elemental and isotope compositions of mantle clinopyroxenes and their grain boundary contamination derived from leaching and digestion experiments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73 (2009) 469-488
176. Wu F.-Y., Walker R.J., Ren X.-W., Sun D.-Y., and Zhou X.-H. Os isotope constraints on the age of lithospheric mantle beneath northeastern China. Chem. Geol. 196 (2003) 107-129
177. Xu Y.-G., Menzies M.A., Bodinier J.-L., Bedini R.M., Vroon P., and Mercier J.-C.C. Melt percolation-reaction at the lithosphere-plume boundary: evidence from the poikiloblastic peridotite xenoliths from Boreé (Massif Central, France). Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 131 (1998) 65-84
178. Yaxley G.M., Crawford A.J., and Green D.H. Evidence for carbonatite metasomatism in spinel lherzolite xenoliths. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 107 (1991) 305-317
179. Yaxley G.M., and Kamenetsky V. In situ origin for glass in mantle xenoliths from south-eastern Australia: insights from the trace element compositions of glasses and metasomatic phases. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 172 (1999) 97-109
180. Yoshikawa, M., Kawamoto, T., Shibata, T. and Yamamoto, J. (2009) Melt extraction and multiple metasomatism beneath French Massif Central: Geochemical and isotopic signatures of ultramatic xenoliths. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73, A1486.
181. Yuan H., Gao S., Rudnick R.L., Jin Z., Liu Y., Puchtel I.S., Walker R.J., and Yu R. Re-Os evidence for the age and origin of peridotites from the Dabie-Sulu ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt. Chin. Chem. Geol. 236 (2007) 323-328
182. Zangana N.A., Downes H., Thirlwall M.F., and Hegner E. The relationship between deformation, equilibration temperatures, REE and radiogenic isotopes in mantle xenoliths (Ray Pic, Massif Central, France): an example of plume-lithosphere interaction?. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 127 (1997) 187-203
183. Zangana N.A., Downes H., Thirlwall M.F., Marriner G.F., and Bea F. Geochemical variation in peridotite xenoliths and their constituent clinopyroxenes from Ray Pic (French Massif Central): implications for the composition of the shallow lithospheric mantle. Chem. Geol. 155 (1999) 11-35
184. Zindler A., and Jagoutz E. Mantle cryptology. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52 (1988) 319-333