Thermally driven flows at an asymmetric valley exit: Observations and model studies at the lech valley exit

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 137, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 3437-3455

  Spengler, Thomas ^a   Schween, Jan H ^b   Ablinger, Markus ^c   Zängl, Günther ^c   Egger, Joseph ^c  

^a ETH Zurich   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BAVARIANS; FAIR WEATHER; FIELD EXPERIMENT; HEAT LOW; HIGH-RESOLUTION MODELS; MODEL STUDY; NUMERICAL SIMULATION; SHEAR ZONE; SYNOPTIC CONDITIONS; THERMAL CIRCULATION; THERMALLY DRIVEN; VALLEY WINDS;

SIMULATORS; WAKES;

LANDFORMS;

AIRFLOW; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CLIMATE MODELING; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EASTERLY WAVE; NUMERICAL MODEL; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; OROGRAPHIC EFFECT; PRESSURE GRADIENT; SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT; WIND DIRECTION; WIND FIELD; WIND VELOCITY;

ALPS; BAVARIAN ALPS; CENTRAL ALPS; CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; LECHTAL; PREALPS;

EID: 70449115273     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009MWR2779.1     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Burger, A. E., and E. Ekhart, 1937: Über die tageszeitliche Zirkulation der Atmosphäre im Bereich der Alpen (On the daily circulation of the atmosphere over the Alps). Gerlands Beitr. Geophys., 49, 341-367.
2. Chapman, S., and R. S. Lindzen, 1970: Atmospheric Tides. D. Reidel, 201 pp.
3. Crook, N. A., T. L. Clarke, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1990: The Denver Cyclone. Part I: Generation in low Froude number flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2725-2742.
4. Crook, N. A., T. L. Clarke, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1991: The Denver Cyclone. Part II: Interaction with the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2109-2126.
5. Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107.
6. Egger, J., S. Bajarachaya, U. Egger, R. Heinrich, J. Reuder, P. Shakaya, H. Wendt, and V. Wirth, 2000: Diurnal winds in the Himalayan Kali Gandaki Valley. Part I: Observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1106-1122.
7. Egger, J., and Coauthors, 2002: Diurnal winds in the Himalayan Kali Gandaki Valley. Part III: Remotely piloted aircraft soundings. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2042-2058.
8. Egger, J., and Coauthors, 2005: Diurnal circulation of the Bolivian Altiplano. Part I: Observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 911-924.
9. Ekhart, E., 1944: Strömungsaerologie der Talwinde (Aerology of valley winds). Meteor. Z., 61, 217-231.
10. Freytag, C., 1985: MERKUR - Results: Aspects of the temperature fields and the energy budget in a large alpine valley during mountain and valley wind. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 58, 458-476.
11. Freytag, C., and B. Hennemuth, 1983: MERKUR: Mesoskaliges Experiment im Raum Kufstein-Rosenheim (Mesoscale experiment in the region of Kufstein-Rosenheim). Wiss. Mitt. Meteor. Inst. Univ. München, 48, 132 pp.
12. Grell, G. A., J. Dudhia, and D. R. Stauffer, 1995: A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-398+STR, 122 pp.
13. Hafner, T. A., M. E. Reinhardt, E. L. Weisel, and H. P. Fimpel, 1987: Boundary layer aspects and elevated heat source effects of the Alps. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 36, 61-73.
14. Haurwitz, B., and A. D. Cowley, 1973: The diurnal and semidiurnal barometric oscillations: Global distribution and annual variation. Pure. Appl. Geophys., 102, 193-222.
15. Heimann, D., 1997: Mesoscale surface-wind characteristics and potential gravity wave formation during cross-alpine airflow. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 62, 49-70.
16. Hoinka, K. P., 1980: Synoptic-scale atmospheric features and foehn. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 53, 486-508.
17. Kain, J. S., 2004: The Kain - Fritsch convective parameterization: An update. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 170-181.
18. Klemp, J. B., and D. R. Durran, 1983: An upper boundary condition permitting internal gravity wave radiation in numerical mesoscale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 430-444.
19. Lugauer, M., and P. Winkler, 2005: Thermal circulation in south Bavaria - Climatology and synoptic aspects. Meteor. Z., 14, 14-30.
20. Mlawer, E. J., S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough, 1997: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmosphere: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16 663-16 682.
21. Müller, H., and C. D. Whiteman, 1988: Breakup of a nocturnal temperature inversion in the Dischma Valley during DISKUS. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 188-194.
22. Müller, H., R. Reiter, and R. Sládkovič, 1984: Die vertikale Windstruktur beim MERKUR-Schwerpunkt 'Tagesperiodische Windsysteme' aufgrund von aerologischen Messungen im Inntal und im Rosenheimer Becken (On the vertical wind structure of the diurnal wind system within the Inn Valley and the adjacent plain: Results of aerological soundings during the field experiment MERKUR). Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Bioklimatol., B33, 359-372.
23. Pamperin, H., and G. Stilke, 1985: Nächtliche Grenzschicht und LLJ im Alpenvorland nahe dem Inntalausgang (Nocturnal boundary layer and LLJ in the pre-alpine region near the Inn Valley exit). Meteor. Rundsch., 38, 145-156.
24. Reisner, J., R. M. Rasmussen, and R. T. Bruintjes, 1998: Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water in winter storms using the MM5 mesoscale model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 1071-1107.
25. Sládkovič, R., and H.-J. Kanter, 1977: Low-level jet in the Bavarian pre-Alpine region. Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Bioklimatol., A25, 343-355.
26. Smith, R. B., 1979: The influence of mountains on the atmosphere. Adv. Geophys., 21, 87-230.
27. Steinacker, R., 1984: Area height distribution of a valley and its relation to the valley wind. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 57, 64-71.
28. Szoke, E. J., 1991: Eye of the Denver Cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1283-1292.
29. Szoke, E. J., M. L. Weisman, J. M. Brown, F. Caracena, and T. W. Schlatter, 1984: A synoptic analysis of the Denver tornadoes of 3 June 1981. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 790-808.
30. Thompson, G., R. M. Rasmussen, and K. Manning, 2004: Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part I: Description and sensitivity analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 519-542.
31. Wagner, A., 1932: Der tägliche Luftdruck- und Temperaturgang in der freien Atmosphäre und in Gebirgstälern (Diurnal variations of pressure and temperature in the free atmosphere and in valleys). Gerlands Beitr. Geophys., 37, 315-344.
32. Weissmann, M., F. J. Braun, L. Gantner, G. J. Mayr, S. Rahm, and O. Reitebuch, 2005: The Alpine mountain - plain circulation: Airborne Doppler lidar measurements and numerical simulations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3095-3109.
33. Whiteman, C. D., 1990: Observations of thermally developed wind systems in mountainous terrain. Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain, Meteor. Monogr., No. 45, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 5-42.
34. Whiteman, C. D., and J. C. Doran, 1993: The relationship between overlying synoptic-scale flows and winds within a valley. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 1669-1682.
35. Wippermann, F., and G. Gross, 1981: On the construction of orographically influenced wind roses for given distributions of the large-scale wind. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 54 (4), 492-501.
36. Zängl, G., 2002a: An improved method for computing horizontal diffusion in a sigma-coordinate model and its application to simulations over mountainous topography. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1423-1432.
37. Zängl, G., 2002b: Stratified flow over a mountain with a gap. Linear theory and numerical simulations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 927-949.
38. Zängl, G., 2003: A generalized sigma-coordinate system for the MM5. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2875-2884.
39. Zängl, G., 2004: A reexamination of the valley wind system in the Alpine Inn Valley with numerical simulations. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 87, 241-256.
40. Zängl, G., 2007: Small-scale variability of orographic precipitation in the Alps: Case studies and semi-idealized numerical simulations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 133, 1701-1716.
41. Zhang, D., and R. A. Anthes, 1982: A high-resolution model of the planetary boundary layer - Sensitivity tests and comparisons with SESAME-79 data. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 1594-1609.