메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 993-999

Seasonal detection rates of river otters (Lontra canadensis) using bridge-site and random-site surveys

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MUSTELID; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; RIVER WATER; SEASONALITY;

EID: 70449086049     PISSN: 00084301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/Z09-090     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0001943266 scopus 로고
    • Geographic ranges of North American terres- trial mammals
    • Anderson, S. 1977. Geographic ranges of North American terres- trial mammals. Am. Mus. Novit. 2629: 1-15.
    • (1977) Am. Mus. Novit , vol.2629 , pp. 1-15
    • Anderson, S.1
  • 2
    • 34547473011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of non- invasive genetic census of otters compared to field censuses
    • doi:10.1007/s10592-006-9266-y
    • Arrendal, J., Vila, C., and Bjorklund, M. 2007. Reliability of non- invasive genetic census of otters compared to field censuses. Conserv. Genet. 8 (5): 1097-1107. doi:10.1007/s10592-006-9266-y.
    • (2007) Conserv. Genet , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 1097-1107
    • Arrendal, J.1    Vila, C.2    Bjorklund, M.3
  • 3
    • 0034879887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear home ranges: Effects of smoothing, sample size, and autocorrela- tion on kernel estimates
    • Blundell, G.M., Maier, J.A.K., and Debevec, E.M. 2001. Linear home ranges: effects of smoothing, sample size, and autocorrela- tion on kernel estimates. Ecol. Monogr. 71: 469-489.
    • (2001) Ecol. Monogr , vol.71 , pp. 469-489
    • Blundell, G.M.1    Maier, J.A.K.2    Debevec, E.M.3
  • 4
    • 0028993781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1995. Habitat selection and home ranges of river otters in a marine environment: Effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill
    • doi:10. 2307/1382309
    • Bowyer, R.T., Testa, J.W., and Faro, J.B. 1995. Habitat selection and home ranges of river otters in a marine environment: effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill. J. Mammal. 76 (1): 1-11. doi:10. 2307/1382309.
    • J. Mammal , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-11
    • Bowyer, R.T.1    Testa, J.W.2    Faro, J.B.3
  • 5
    • 0003602382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical nonparametric statistics
    • 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York
    • Conover, W.J. 1999. Practical nonparametric statistics. 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
    • (1999)
    • Conover, W.J.1
  • 6
    • 0001669619 scopus 로고
    • The use of spraints to monitor populations of otters (Lutra lutra L.)
    • Conroy, J.W.H., and French, D.D. 1987. The use of spraints to monitor populations of otters (Lutra lutra L.). Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 58: 247-262.
    • (1987) Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond , vol.58 , pp. 247-262
    • Conroy, J.W.H.1    French, D.D.2
  • 7
    • 53049095173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hair sampling techniques for river otters
    • doi:10.2193/ 2005-712
    • Depue, J.E., and Ben-David, M. 2007. Hair sampling techniques for river otters. J. Wildl. Manage. 71 (2): 671-674. doi:10.2193/ 2005-712.
    • (2007) J. Wildl. Manage , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 671-674
    • Depue, J.E.1    Ben-David, M.2
  • 8
    • 54949104259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring trends in reintroduced river otter populations
    • M.S. thesis, University of Missouri, Columbia
    • Gallagher, E. 1999. Monitoring trends in reintroduced river otter populations. M.S. thesis, University of Missouri, Columbia.
    • (1999)
    • Gallagher, E.1
  • 9
    • 34248141262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unveiling the limitations of scat surveys to monitor social species: A case study on river otters
    • doi:10.2193/ 2005-697
    • Gallant, D., Vasseur, L., and Berube, C.H. 2007. Unveiling the limitations of scat surveys to monitor social species: a case study on river otters. J. Wildl. Manage. 71 (1): 258-265. doi:10.2193/ 2005-697.
    • (2007) J. Wildl. Manage , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 258-265
    • Gallant, D.1    Vasseur, L.2    Berube, C.H.3
  • 10
    • 43049090821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating bridge survey ability to detect river otter Lontra canadensis presence: A comparative study
    • doi:10.2981/0909- 6396(2008)14[61:EBSATD]2.0.CO;2
    • Gallant, D., Vasseur, L., and Berube, C.H. 2008. Evaluating bridge survey ability to detect river otter Lontra canadensis presence: a comparative study. Wildl. Biol. 14 (1): 61-69. doi:10.2981/0909- 6396(2008)14[61:EBSATD]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2008) Wildl. Biol , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-69
    • Gallant, D.1    Vasseur, L.2    Berube, C.H.3
  • 11
    • 33845932641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of noninvasive tech- niques to survey carnivore communities in northeastern North America
    • doi:10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1142:ACONTT]2.0.CO;2
    • Gompper, M.E., Kays, R.W., Ray, J.C., LaPoint, S.D., Bogan, D.A., and Cryan, J.R. 2006. A comparison of noninvasive tech- niques to survey carnivore communities in northeastern North America. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 34 (4): 1142-1151. doi:10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1142:ACONTT]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2006) Wildl. Soc. Bull , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 1142-1151
    • Gompper, M.E.1    Kays, R.W.2    Ray, J.C.3    Lapoint, S.D.4    Bogan, D.A.5    Cryan, J.R.6
  • 12
    • 70449104742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home range characteristics, resource selection, and survival of river otter in southeast Minnesota
    • Edited by M. DonCarlos, R. Kimmel, J. Lawrence, and M. Lenarz. Section of Wildlife, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul
    • Gorman, T.A., Erb, J.D., McMillan, B.R., DePerno, C.S., and Mar- tin, D.J. 2002. Home range characteristics, resource selection, and survival of river otter in southeast Minnesota. In Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings. Edited by M. DonCarlos, R. Kimmel, J. Lawrence, and M. Lenarz. Section of Wildlife, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul. pp. 145-153.
    • (2002) Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings , pp. 145-153
    • Gorman, T.A.1    Erb, J.D.2    McMillan, B.R.3    Deperno, C.S.4    Martin, D.J.5
  • 13
    • 33748165639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site characteristics of river otter (Lontra ca- nadensis) natal dens in Minnesota
    • doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2006)156[109:SCOROL]2.0.CO;2
    • Gorman, T.A., Erb, J.D., McMillan, B.R., Martin, D.J., and Ho- myack, J.A. 2006a. Site characteristics of river otter (Lontra ca- nadensis) natal dens in Minnesota. Am. Midl. Nat. 156 (1): 109-117. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2006)156[109:SCOROL]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2006) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-117
    • Gorman, T.A.1    Erb, J.D.2    McMillan, B.R.3    Martin, D.J.4    Homyack, J.A.5
  • 14
    • 33748458051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Space use and sociality of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in Minnesota
    • doi:10.1644/05-MAMM-A-337R1.1
    • Gorman, T.A., Erb, J.D., McMillan, B.R., and Martin, D.J. 2006b. Space use and sociality of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in Minnesota. J. Mammal. 87 (4): 740-747. doi:10.1644/05-MAMM-A-337R1.1.
    • (2006) J. Mammal , vol.87 , Issue.4 , pp. 740-747
    • Gorman, T.A.1    Erb, J.D.2    McMillan, B.R.3    Martin, D.J.4
  • 15
    • 39549083249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and cause-specific mortality of a protected population of river otters in Minnesota
    • doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[98:SACMOA]2.0.CO;2
    • Gorman, T.A., McMillan, B.R., Erb, J.D., DePerno, C.D., and Martin, D.J. 2008. Survival and cause-specific mortality of a protected population of river otters in Minnesota. Am. Midl. Nat. 159 (1): 98-109. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[98:SACMOA]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2008) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.159 , Issue.1 , pp. 98-109
    • Gorman, T.A.1    McMillan, B.R.2    Erb, J.D.3    Deperno, C.D.4    Martin, D.J.5
  • 16
    • 40949158520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method for estimating visitation rates of cryptic animals via repeated surveys of indirect signs
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01406.x
    • Gruber, B., Reineking, B., Calabrese, J.M., Kranz, A., Poledníková, K., Poledník, L., Klenke, R., Valentin, A., and Henke, K. 2008. A new method for estimating visitation rates of cryptic animals via repeated surveys of indirect signs. J. Appl. Ecol. 45 (2): 728-735. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01406.x.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Ecol , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 728-735
    • Gruber, B.1    Reineking, B.2    Calabrese, J.M.3    Kranz, A.4    Poledníková, K.5    Poledník, L.6    Klenke, R.7    Valentin, A.8    Henke, K.9
  • 17
    • 34547787097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection rates of eastern spotted skunks (Spilogale putorius) in Missouri and Arkansas using live-capture and non-invasive techniques
    • doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[123:DROESS]2.0.CO;2
    • Hackett, H.M., Lesmeister, D.B., Desanty-Combes, J., Montague, W.G., Millspaugh, J.J., and Gompper, M.E. 2007. Detection rates of eastern spotted skunks (Spilogale putorius) in Missouri and Arkansas using live-capture and non-invasive techniques. Am. Midl. Nat. 158 (1): 123-131. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[123:DROESS]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2007) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.158 , Issue.1 , pp. 123-131
    • Hackett, H.M.1    Lesmeister, D.B.2    Desanty-Combes, J.3    Montague, W.G.4    Millspaugh, J.J.5    Gompper, M.E.6
  • 18
    • 0003907977 scopus 로고
    • The mammals of North America
    • John Wiley, New York
    • Hall, E.R. 1981. The mammals of North America. John Wiley, New York.
    • (1981)
    • Hall, E.R.1
  • 19
    • 54949134740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missouri otter population assessment
    • Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia
    • Hamilton, D.A. 1998. Missouri otter population assessment. Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia.
    • (1998)
    • Hamilton, D.A.1
  • 20
    • 80053520140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summer home range, habitat use, movements, and activity patterns of river otters
    • Lontra canadensis) in the Killbuck watershed, northeastern Ohio. Master's thesis, West Virginia University, Morgantown
    • Helon, D.A. 2006. Summer home range, habitat use, movements, and activity patterns of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in the Killbuck watershed, northeastern Ohio. Master's thesis, West Virginia University, Morgantown.
    • (2006)
    • Helon, D.A.1
  • 21
    • 0000855166 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of otters in northern Scotland. III. The use of faeces as indicators of otter (Lutra lutra) density and distribution
    • doi:10.2307/4225
    • Jenkins, D., and Burrows, G.O. 1980. Ecology of otters in northern Scotland. III. The use of faeces as indicators of otter (Lutra lutra) density and distribution. J. Anim. Ecol. 49 (3): 755-774. doi:10.2307/4225.
    • (1980) J. Anim. Ecol , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 755-774
    • Jenkins, D.1    Burrows, G.O.2
  • 22
    • 18044384512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status and distribution of river otters, Lontra canadensis, in South Dakota
    • Kiesow, A.M., and Dieter, C.D. 2003. Status and distribution of river otters, Lontra canadensis, in South Dakota. Proc. S.D. Acad. Sci. 82: 79-87.
    • (2003) Proc. S.D. Acad. Sci , vol.82 , pp. 79-87
    • Kiesow, A.M.1    Dieter, C.D.2
  • 23
    • 33444478359 scopus 로고
    • A field survey for otters (Lutra lutra) in Yugoslovia
    • Liles, G., and Jenkins, L. 1984. A field survey for otters (Lutra lutra) in Yugoslovia. J. Zool. (1965-1984), 203: 282-284.
    • (1984) J. Zool. (1965-1984) , vol.203 , pp. 282-284
    • Liles, G.1    Jenkins, L.2
  • 24
    • 48249100819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing scat detection dogs, cameras, and hair snares for surveying carnivores
    • doi:10.2193/2006-292
    • Long, R.A., Donovan, T.M., Mackay, P., Zielinski, W.J., and Buzas, J.S. 2007. Comparing scat detection dogs, cameras, and hair snares for surveying carnivores. J. Wildl. Manage. 71 (6): 2018-2025. doi:10.2193/2006-292.
    • (2007) J. Wildl. Manage , vol.71 , Issue.6 , pp. 2018-2025
    • Long, R.A.1    Donovan, T.M.2    Mackay, P.3    Zielinski, W.J.4    Buzas, J.S.5
  • 25
    • 0022187058 scopus 로고
    • Otters, their habitat and conservation in Northeast Greece
    • doi:10.1016/0006-3207(85)90067-9
    • Macdonald, S.M., and Mason, C.F. 1985. Otters, their habitat and conservation in Northeast Greece. Biol. Conserv. 31 (3): 191-210. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(85)90067-9.
    • (1985) Biol. Conserv , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-210
    • Macdonald, S.M.1    Mason, C.F.2
  • 26
    • 0001289571 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal marking in an otter population
    • Macdonald, S.M., and Mason, C.F. 1987. Seasonal marking in an otter population. Acta Theriol. 32: 449-462.
    • (1987) Acta Theriol , vol.32 , pp. 449-462
    • Macdonald, S.M.1    Mason, C.F.2
  • 27
    • 31344435055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing occupancy studies: General advice on allocating survey effort
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01098.x
    • MacKenzie, D.I., and Royle, J.A. 2005. Designing occupancy studies: general advice on allocating survey effort. J. Appl. Ecol. 42 (6): 1105-1114. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01098.x.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Ecol , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 1105-1114
    • Mackenzie, D.I.1    Royle, J.A.2
  • 29
    • 31344465822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupancy estimation and model- ing: Inference methods for patterns and dynamics of species occupancy
    • Elsevier, San Diego, Calif
    • MacKenzie, D.I., Nichols, J.D., Royle, J.A., Pollock, K.H., Hines, J.E., and Bailey, L.L. 2006. Occupancy estimation and model- ing: inference methods for patterns and dynamics of species occupancy. Elsevier, San Diego, Calif.
    • (2006)
    • Mackenzie, D.I.1    Nichols, J.D.2    Royle, J.A.3    Pollock, K.H.4    Hines, J.E.5    Bailey, L.L.6
  • 30
    • 0023470086 scopus 로고
    • The use of spraints for surveying otter Lutra lutra populations: An evaluation
    • doi:10.1016/0006-3207(87)90100-5
    • Mason, C.F., and Macdonald, S.M. 1987. The use of spraints for surveying otter Lutra lutra populations: an evaluation. Biol. Conserv. 41 (3): 167-177. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(87)90100-5.
    • (1987) Biol. Conserv , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 167-177
    • Mason, C.F.1    Macdonald, S.M.2
  • 31
    • 54949123331 scopus 로고
    • An overview of research on the North Amer- ican river otter
    • Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise
    • Melquist, W.E. 1985. An overview of research on the North Amer- ican river otter. Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise.
    • (1985)
    • Melquist, W.E.1
  • 32
    • 0002696839 scopus 로고
    • River otter
    • Edited by M. Novak, J.A. Baker, M.E. Obbard, and B. Malloch. Ontario Trappers Association, North Bay
    • Melquist, W.E., and Dronkert, A.E. 1987. River otter. In Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America. Edited by M. Novak, J.A. Baker, M.E. Obbard, and B. Malloch. Ontario Trappers Association, North Bay. pp. 625-641.
    • (1987) Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America , pp. 625-641
    • Melquist, W.E.1    Dronkert, A.E.2
  • 33
    • 0005768801 scopus 로고
    • Methods and techni- ques for studying and censusing river otter populations
    • Tech. Rep. No. 8, Forestry, Wildlife, and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow
    • Melquist, W.E., and Hornocker, M.G. 1979. Methods and techni- ques for studying and censusing river otter populations. Tech. Rep. No. 8. Forestry, Wildlife, and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow.
    • (1979)
    • Melquist, W.E.1    Hornocker, M.G.2
  • 34
    • 0021023191 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of river otters in west central Idaho
    • Melquist, W.E., and Hornocker, M.G. 1983. Ecology of river otters in west central Idaho. Wildl. Monogr. 83: 1-60.
    • (1983) Wildl. Monogr , vol.83 , pp. 1-60
    • Melquist, W.E.1    Hornocker, M.G.2
  • 35
    • 22544480998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • River otter
    • Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation, Edited by G.A. Feldhamer, B.C. Thompson, and J.A. Chapman. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md
    • Melquist, W.E., Polechla, P.J., and Toweill, D. 2003. River otter. In Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation. Edited by G.A. Feldhamer, B.C. Thompson, and J.A. Chapman. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md. pp. 708-734.
    • (2003) , pp. 708-734
    • Melquist, W.E.1    Polechla, P.J.2    Toweill, D.3
  • 36
    • 0028553715 scopus 로고
    • Wetland use by river otters in Massachusetts
    • doi:10.2307/ 3809544
    • Newman, D.G., and Griffin, C.R. 1994. Wetland use by river otters in Massachusetts. J. Wildl. Manage. 58 (1): 18-23. doi:10.2307/ 3809544.
    • (1994) J. Wildl. Manage , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-23
    • Newman, D.G.1    Griffin, C.R.2
  • 38
    • 0038647393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlas of Missouri ecoregions
    • Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City
    • Nigh, T.A., and Schroeder, W.A. 2002. Atlas of Missouri ecoregions. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City.
    • (2002)
    • Nigh, T.A.1    Schroeder, W.A.2
  • 39
    • 0442331560 scopus 로고
    • The world of the otter
    • J.B. Lippincott, New York
    • Park, E. 1971. The world of the otter. J.B. Lippincott, New York.
    • (1971)
    • Park, E.1
  • 41
    • 0029669168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative influence of riparian habitat structure and fish availability on otter Lutra lutra L. sprainting activity in a small Mediterranean catchment
    • doi:10.1016/0006-3207(95)00080-1
    • Prenda, J., and Granado-Lorencio, C. 1996. The relative influence of riparian habitat structure and fish availability on otter Lutra lutra L. sprainting activity in a small Mediterranean catchment. Biol. Conserv. 76 (1): 9-15. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(95)00080-1.
    • (1996) Biol. Conserv , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-15
    • Prenda, J.1    Granado-Lorencio, C.2
  • 43
    • 0034755348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress and status of river otter reintroduction projects in the United States
    • Raesly, E.J. 2001. Progress and status of river otter reintroduction projects in the United States. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 29: 856-862.
    • (2001) Wildl. Soc. Bull , vol.29 , pp. 856-862
    • Raesly, E.J.1
  • 44
    • 70449104743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • River otter food habits in the Missouri Ozarks
    • M.S. thesis, University of Missouri, Columbia
    • Roberts, N.M. 2003. River otter food habits in the Missouri Ozarks. M.S. thesis, University of Missouri, Columbia.
    • (2003)
    • Roberts, N.M.1
  • 45
    • 54949154148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of bridge-sign surveys to monitor river otter (Lontra canadensis) populations
    • doi:10.1674/0003-031(2008)160[358:AEOBST]2.0.CO;2
    • Roberts, N.M., Crimmins, S.M., Hamilton, D.A., and Gallagher, E. 2008. An evaluation of bridge-sign surveys to monitor river otter (Lontra canadensis) populations. Am. Midl. Nat. 160 (2): 358-363. doi:10.1674/0003-031(2008)160[358:AEOBST]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2008) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.160 , Issue.2 , pp. 358-363
    • Roberts, N.M.1    Crimmins, S.M.2    Hamilton, D.A.3    Gallagher, E.4
  • 46
    • 0035102854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the surveys and visual and track censuses of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra)
    • doi:10.1017/S0952836901000334
    • Ruiz-Olmo, J., Saavedra, D., and Jimenez, J. 2001a. Testing the surveys and visual and track censuses of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra). J. Zool. (Lond.), 253 (3): 359-369. doi:10.1017/S0952836901000334.
    • (2001) J. Zool. (Lond.) , vol.253 , Issue.3 , pp. 359-369
    • Ruiz-Olmo, J.1    Saavedra, D.2    Jimenez, J.3
  • 47
    • 0034953439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of fish abundance on the otter (Lutra lutra) populations in Iberian Mediterranean habitats
    • doi:10.1017/S0952836901000838
    • Ruiz-Olmo, J., Lopez-Martin, J.M., and Palazon, S. 2001b. The influence of fish abundance on the otter (Lutra lutra) populations in Iberian Mediterranean habitats. J. Zool. (Lond.), 254 (3): 325-336. doi:10.1017/S0952836901000838.
    • (2001) J. Zool. (Lond.) , vol.254 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-336
    • Ruiz-Olmo, J.1    Lopez-Martin, J.M.2    Palazon, S.3
  • 48
    • 0004282518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAS user's guide: Statistics
    • SAS Institute Inc, Version 5, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C
    • SAS Institute Inc. 1999. SAS user's guide: statistics. Version 5. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C.
    • (1999)
  • 49
    • 0035660630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of two indices of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) abundance in an arid environment
    • doi:10.1071/ WR00075
    • Sharp, A., Norton, M., Marks, A., and Holmes, K. 2001. An evaluation of two indices of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) abundance in an arid environment. Wildl. Res. 28 (4): 419-424. doi:10.1071/ WR00075.
    • (2001) Wildl. Res , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 419-424
    • Sharp, A.1    Norton, M.2    Marks, A.3    Holmes, K.4
  • 50
    • 48249133956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating detection probabilities for American marten in the Black Hills, South Dakota
    • doi:10.2193/2007- 091
    • Smith, J.B., Jenks, J.A., and Klaver, R.W. 2007. Evaluating detection probabilities for American marten in the Black Hills, South Dakota. J. Wildl. Manage. 71 (7): 2412-2416. doi:10.2193/2007- 091.
    • (2007) J. Wildl. Manage , vol.71 , Issue.7 , pp. 2412-2416
    • Smith, J.B.1    Jenks, J.A.2    Klaver, R.W.3
  • 51
    • 27944452234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating site occupancy and abundance using indirect detection indices
    • doi:10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0874:ESOAAU]2.0. CO;2
    • Stanley, T.R., and Royle, J.A. 2005. Estimating site occupancy and abundance using indirect detection indices. J. Wildl. Manage. 69 (3): 874-883. doi:10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0874:ESOAAU]2.0. CO;2.
    • (2005) J. Wildl. Manage , vol.69 , Issue.3 , pp. 874-883
    • Stanley, T.R.1    Royle, J.A.2
  • 52
    • 34547802273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow tracking: A relevant method for estimating otter Lutra lutra populations
    • doi:10.2981/0909-6396(2007)13[208:STARMF]2.0.CO;2
    • Sulkava, R. 2007. Snow tracking: a relevant method for estimating otter Lutra lutra populations. Wildl. Biol. 13 (2): 208-218. doi:10.2981/0909-6396(2007)13[208:STARMF]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2007) Wildl. Biol , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 208-218
    • Sulkava, R.1
  • 53
    • 54949117826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of habitat and otter population status
    • Final Report of the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project No. W- 122-R-3, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Springfield
    • Woolf, A., Halbrook, R.S., Farrand, D.T., Schieler, C., and Weber, W. 1997. Survey of habitat and otter population status. Final Report of the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project No. W- 122-R-3. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Springfield.
    • (1997)
    • Woolf, A.1    Halbrook, R.S.2    Farrand, D.T.3    Schieler, C.4    Weber, W.5
  • 54
    • 0004252445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biostatistical analysis
    • 4th ed. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J
    • Zar, J.H. 1998. Biostatistical analysis. 4th ed. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
    • (1998)
    • Zar, J.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.