메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 2301-2307

Role of aldosterone in the progression of chronic kidney disease and potential use of aldosterone blockade in children

Author keywords

Aldosterone; Aldosterone breakthrough; Angiotensin escape; Chronic kidney disease; Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; Renin angiotensin system; Spironolactone

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE; ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; ALDOSTERONE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; CANDESARTAN; CAPTOPRIL; DEXAMETHASONE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ENZYME INHIBITOR; FAD 286; PLACEBO; SPIRONOLACTONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 70350686785     PISSN: 0931041X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-009-1176-z     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8)

References (64)
  • 2
    • 0037374175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in management of type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: Lessons from the RENAAL study
    • Keane WF, Lyle PA (2003) Recent advances in management of type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: Lessons from the RENAAL study. Am J Kidney Dis 41:S22-S25
    • (2003) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.41
    • Keane, W.F.1    Lyle, P.A.2
  • 3
    • 0031819895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary protein excretion rate is the best independent predictor of ESRF in non-diabetic proteinuric chronic nephropathies. "Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia" (GISEN)
    • Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Mosconi L, Pisoni R, Remuzzi G (1998) Urinary protein excretion rate is the best independent predictor of ESRF in non-diabetic proteinuric chronic nephropathies. "Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia" (GISEN). Kidney Int 53:1209-1216
    • (1998) Kidney Int , vol.53 , pp. 1209-1216
    • Ruggenenti, P.1    Perna, A.2    Mosconi, L.3    Pisoni, R.4    Remuzzi, G.5
  • 4
    • 36749080967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic hypertension and proteinuria in childhood chronic renal parenchymal disease: Role of antihypertensive drug management
    • Simonetti GD, Santoro L, Ferrarini A, Crosazzo-Franscini L, Fossali E, Bianchetti MG (2007) Systemic hypertension and proteinuria in childhood chronic renal parenchymal disease: Role of antihypertensive drug management. Paediatr Drugs 9:413-418
    • (2007) Paediatr Drugs , vol.9 , pp. 413-418
    • Simonetti, G.D.1    Santoro, L.2    Ferrarini, A.3    Crosazzo-Franscini, L.4    Fossali, E.5    Bianchetti, M.G.6
  • 6
    • 0027517659 scopus 로고
    • The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group
    • Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, Rohde RD (1993) The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 329:1456-1462
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 1456-1462
    • Lewis, E.J.1    Hunsicker, L.G.2    Bain, R.P.3    Rohde, R.D.4
  • 7
    • 0038188560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retarding progression of chronic renal disease: The neglected issue of residual proteinuria
    • Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Remuzzi G (2003) Retarding progression of chronic renal disease: The neglected issue of residual proteinuria. Kidney Int 63:2254-2261
    • (2003) Kidney Int , vol.63 , pp. 2254-2261
    • Ruggenenti, P.1    Perna, A.2    Remuzzi, G.3
  • 8
    • 0030931894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the progression of renal disease: A critical review
    • Ibrahim HN, Rosenberg ME, Hostetter TH (1997) Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the progression of renal disease: A critical review. Semin Nephrol 17:431-440
    • (1997) Semin Nephrol , vol.17 , pp. 431-440
    • Ibrahim, H.N.1    Rosenberg, M.E.2    Hostetter, T.H.3
  • 10
    • 0035124068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late escape from the antiproteinuric effect of ace inhibitors in nondiabetic renal disease
    • Shiigai T, Shichiri M (2001) Late escape from the antiproteinuric effect of ace inhibitors in nondiabetic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 37:477-483
    • (2001) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.37 , pp. 477-483
    • Shiigai, T.1    Shichiri, M.2
  • 11
    • 50449127080 scopus 로고
    • Secretion of a salt-retaining hormone by the mammalian adrenal cortex
    • Simpson SA, Tait JF, Bush IE (1952) Secretion of a salt-retaining hormone by the mammalian adrenal cortex. Lancet 2:226-228
    • (1952) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 226-228
    • Simpson, S.A.1    Tait, J.F.2    Bush, I.E.3
  • 13
    • 33845867691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of disease: The role of aldosterone in kidney damage and clinical benefits of its blockade
    • Del Vecchio L, Procaccio M, Vigano S, Cusi D (2007) Mechanisms of disease: The role of aldosterone in kidney damage and clinical benefits of its blockade. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 3:42-49
    • (2007) Nat Clin Pract Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 42-49
    • Del Vecchio, L.1    Procaccio, M.2    Vigano, S.3    Cusi, D.4
  • 17
    • 49649085000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aggravating mechanisms of aldosterone on kidney fibrosis
    • Remuzzi G, Cattaneo D, Perico N (2008) The aggravating mechanisms of aldosterone on kidney fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 19:1459-1462
    • (2008) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.19 , pp. 1459-1462
    • Remuzzi, G.1    Cattaneo, D.2    Perico, N.3
  • 19
    • 0029022285 scopus 로고
    • Prerequisite for cardiac aldosterone action. Mineralocorticoid receptor and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the human heart
    • Lombes M, Alfaidy N, Eugene E, Lessana A, Farman N, Bonvalet JP (1995) Prerequisite for cardiac aldosterone action. Mineralocorticoid receptor and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the human heart. Circulation 92:175-182
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 175-182
    • Lombes, M.1    Alfaidy, N.2    Eugene, E.3    Lessana, A.4    Farman, N.5    Bonvalet, J.P.6
  • 20
    • 1642281192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain mineralocorticoid receptors: Orchestrators of hypertension and end-organ disease
    • Gomez-Sanchez EP (2004) Brain mineralocorticoid receptors: Orchestrators of hypertension and end-organ disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 13:191-196
    • (2004) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.13 , pp. 191-196
    • Gomez-Sanchez, E.P.1
  • 24
    • 85047676796 scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone and cardiac fibrosis: In vitro studies
    • Fullerton MJ, Funder JW (1994) Aldosterone and cardiac fibrosis: In vitro studies. Cardiovasc Res 28:1863-1867
    • (1994) Cardiovasc Res , vol.28 , pp. 1863-1867
    • Fullerton, M.J.1    Funder, J.W.2
  • 25
    • 64949189157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone antagonism or synthase inhibition reduces end-organ damage induced by treatment with angiotensin and high salt
    • doi: 10.1038/ki.2009.9
    • Lea WB, Kwak ES, Luther JM, Fowler SM, Wang Z, Ma J, Fogo AB, Brown NJ (2009) Aldosterone antagonism or synthase inhibition reduces end-organ damage induced by treatment with angiotensin and high salt. Kidney Int. doi: 10.1038/ki.2009.9
    • (2009) Kidney Int
    • Lea, W.B.1    Kwak, E.S.2    Luther, J.M.3    Fowler, S.M.4    Wang, Z.5    Ma, J.6    Fogo, A.B.7    Brown, N.J.8
  • 26
    • 56549094967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary salt regulates the phosphorylation of OSR1/SPAK kinases and the sodium chloride cotransporter through aldosterone
    • Chiga M, Rai T, Yang SS, Ohta A, Takizawa T, Sasaki S, Uchida S (2008) Dietary salt regulates the phosphorylation of OSR1/SPAK kinases and the sodium chloride cotransporter through aldosterone. Kidney Int 74:1403-1409
    • (2008) Kidney Int , vol.74 , pp. 1403-1409
    • Chiga, M.1    Rai, T.2    Yang, S.S.3    Ohta, A.4    Takizawa, T.5    Sasaki, S.6    Uchida, S.7
  • 27
    • 25644434249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local renal aldosterone system and its regulation by salt, diabetes, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor
    • Xue C, Siragy HM (2005) Local renal aldosterone system and its regulation by salt, diabetes, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Hypertension 46:584-590
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.46 , pp. 584-590
    • Xue, C.1    Siragy, H.M.2
  • 28
    • 0034068040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of dietary potassium in the hyperaldosteronism and hypertension of the remnant kidney model
    • Ibrahim HN, Hostetter TH (2000) Role of dietary potassium in the hyperaldosteronism and hypertension of the remnant kidney model. J Am Soc Nephrol 11:625-631
    • (2000) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.11 , pp. 625-631
    • Ibrahim, H.N.1    Hostetter, T.H.2
  • 30
    • 0025952454 scopus 로고
    • Glomerular hypertrophy accelerates hypertensive glomerular injury in rats
    • Miller PL, Rennke HG, Meyer TW (1991) Glomerular hypertrophy accelerates hypertensive glomerular injury in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 261:F459-F465
    • (1991) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.261
    • Miller, P.L.1    Rennke, H.G.2    Meyer, T.W.3
  • 31
    • 0034119204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local angiotensin II and transforming growth factor-beta1 in renal fibrosis of rats
    • Sun Y, Zhang J, Zhang JQ, Ramires FJ (2000) Local angiotensin II and transforming growth factor-beta1 in renal fibrosis of rats. Hypertension 35:1078-1084
    • (2000) Hypertension , vol.35 , pp. 1078-1084
    • Sun, Y.1    Zhang, J.2    Zhang, J.Q.3    Ramires, F.J.4
  • 32
    • 41849123818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale for combination angiotensin receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment and end-organ protection in patients with chronic kidney disease
    • Toto R, Palmer BF (2008) Rationale for combination angiotensin receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment and end-organ protection in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 28:372-380
    • (2008) Am J Nephrol , vol.28 , pp. 372-380
    • Toto, R.1    Palmer, B.F.2
  • 33
    • 0029940121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chymase-dependent angiotensin II forming systems in humans
    • Urata H, Nishimura H, Ganten D (1996) Chymase-dependent angiotensin II forming systems in humans. Am J Hypertens 9:277-284
    • (1996) Am J Hypertens , vol.9 , pp. 277-284
    • Urata, H.1    Nishimura, H.2    Ganten, D.3
  • 34
    • 0141617520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone breakthrough during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy
    • Sato A, Saruta T (2003) Aldosterone breakthrough during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. Am J Hypertens 16:781-788
    • (2003) Am J Hypertens , vol.16 , pp. 781-788
    • Sato, A.1    Saruta, T.2
  • 35
    • 33845238078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced aldosterone signaling in the early nephropathy of rats with metabolic syndrome: Possible contribution of fat-derived factors
    • Nagase M, Yoshida S, Shibata S, Nagase T, Gotoda T, Ando K, Fujita T (2006) Enhanced aldosterone signaling in the early nephropathy of rats with metabolic syndrome: Possible contribution of fat-derived factors. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:3438-3446
    • (2006) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.17 , pp. 3438-3446
    • Nagase, M.1    Yoshida, S.2    Shibata, S.3    Nagase, T.4    Gotoda, T.5    Ando, K.6    Fujita, T.7
  • 36
    • 34548163060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence and implications of aldosterone breakthrough
    • Bomback AS, Klemmer PJ (2007) The incidence and implications of aldosterone breakthrough. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 3:486-492
    • (2007) Nat Clin Pract Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 486-492
    • Bomback, A.S.1    Klemmer, P.J.2
  • 37
    • 0026500611 scopus 로고
    • Adrenalectomy ameliorates ablative nephropathy in the rat independently of corticosterone maintenance level
    • Quan ZY, Walser M, Hill GS (1992) Adrenalectomy ameliorates ablative nephropathy in the rat independently of corticosterone maintenance level. Kidney Int 41:326-333
    • (1992) Kidney Int , vol.41 , pp. 326-333
    • Quan, Z.Y.1    Walser, M.2    Hill, G.S.3
  • 38
    • 0029810416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of aldosterone in the remnant kidney model in the rat
    • Greene EL, Kren S, Hostetter TH (1996) Role of aldosterone in the remnant kidney model in the rat. J Clin Invest 98:1063-1068
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , pp. 1063-1068
    • Greene, E.L.1    Kren, S.2    Hostetter, T.H.3
  • 39
    • 0031600240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mineralocorticoid blockade reduces vascular injury in stroke-prone hypertensive rats
    • Rocha R, Chander PN, Khanna K, Zuckerman A, Stier CT Jr (1998) Mineralocorticoid blockade reduces vascular injury in stroke-prone hypertensive rats. Hypertension 31:451-458
    • (1998) Hypertension , vol.31 , pp. 451-458
    • Rocha, R.1    Chander, P.N.2    Khanna, K.3    Zuckerman, A.4    Stier Jr., C.T.5
  • 40
    • 0032921738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of aldosterone in renal vascular injury in stroke-prone hypertensive rats
    • Rocha R, Chander PN, Zuckerman A, Stier CT Jr (1999) Role of aldosterone in renal vascular injury in stroke-prone hypertensive rats. Hypertension 33:232-237
    • (1999) Hypertension , vol.33 , pp. 232-237
    • Rocha, R.1    Chander, P.N.2    Zuckerman, A.3    Stier Jr., C.T.4
  • 41
    • 0036314951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone breakthrough during angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
    • Naruse M, Tanabe A, Sato A, Takagi S, Tsuchiya K, Imaki T, Takano K (2002) Aldosterone breakthrough during angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 40:28-33
    • (2002) Hypertension , vol.40 , pp. 28-33
    • Naruse, M.1    Tanabe, A.2    Sato, A.3    Takagi, S.4    Tsuchiya, K.5    Imaki, T.6    Takano, K.7
  • 42
    • 47549114629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spironolactone exhibits direct renoprotective effects and inhibits renal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetic rats
    • Taira M, Toba H, Murakami M, Iga I, Serizawa R, Murata S, Kobara M, Nakata T (2008) Spironolactone exhibits direct renoprotective effects and inhibits renal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 589:264-271
    • (2008) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.589 , pp. 264-271
    • Taira, M.1    Toba, H.2    Murakami, M.3    Iga, I.4    Serizawa, R.5    Murata, S.6    Kobara, M.7    Nakata, T.8
  • 43
    • 0033028679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How often are angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations raised during chronic ACE inhibitor treatment in cardiac failure?
    • MacFadyen RJ, Lee AF, Morton JJ, Pringle SD, Struthers AD (1999) How often are angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations raised during chronic ACE inhibitor treatment in cardiac failure? Heart 82:57-61
    • (1999) Heart , vol.82 , pp. 57-61
    • MacFadyen, R.J.1    Lee, A.F.2    Morton, J.J.3    Pringle, S.D.4    Struthers, A.D.5
  • 44
    • 0037222490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of aldosterone blockade in patients with diabetic nephropathy
    • Sato A, Hayashi K, Naruse M, Saruta T (2003) Effectiveness of aldosterone blockade in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Hypertension 41:64-68
    • (2003) Hypertension , vol.41 , pp. 64-68
    • Sato, A.1    Hayashi, K.2    Naruse, M.3    Saruta, T.4
  • 45
    • 0019946282 scopus 로고
    • Increase in plasma aldosterone during prolonged captopril treatment
    • Lijnen P, Staessen J, Fagard R, Amery A (1982) Increase in plasma aldosterone during prolonged captopril treatment. Am J Cardiol 49:1561-1563
    • (1982) Am J Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 1561-1563
    • Lijnen, P.1    Staessen, J.2    Fagard, R.3    Amery, A.4
  • 46
    • 12144252958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone escape during blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetic nephropathy is associated with enhanced decline in glomerular filtration rate
    • Schjoedt KJ, Andersen S, Rossing P, Tarnow L, Parving HH (2004) Aldosterone escape during blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetic nephropathy is associated with enhanced decline in glomerular filtration rate. Diabetologia 47:1936-1939
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.47 , pp. 1936-1939
    • Schjoedt, K.J.1    Andersen, S.2    Rossing, P.3    Tarnow, L.4    Parving, H.H.5
  • 47
    • 0035922443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spironolactone in addition to ACE inhibition to reduce proteinuria in patients with chronic renal disease
    • Chrysostomou A, Becker G (2001) Spironolactone in addition to ACE inhibition to reduce proteinuria in patients with chronic renal disease. N Engl J Med 345:925-926
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 925-926
    • Chrysostomou, A.1    Becker, G.2
  • 48
    • 33746558934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of the aldosterone receptor antagonist spironolactone in patients who have persistent proteinuria and are on long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, with or without an angiotensin II receptor blocker
    • Chrysostomou A, Pedagogos E, MacGregor L, Becker GJ (2006) Double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of the aldosterone receptor antagonist spironolactone in patients who have persistent proteinuria and are on long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, with or without an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1:256-262
    • (2006) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.1 , pp. 256-262
    • Chrysostomou, A.1    Pedagogos, E.2    MacGregor, L.3    Becker, G.J.4
  • 49
    • 40149090641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system triple blockade on non-diabetic renal disease: Addition of an aldosterone blocker, spironolactone, to combination treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker
    • Furumatsu Y, Nagasawa Y, Tomida K, Mikami S, Kaneko T, Okada N, Tsubakihara Y, Imai E, Shoji T (2008) Effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system triple blockade on non-diabetic renal disease: Addition of an aldosterone blocker, spironolactone, to combination treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker. Hypertens Res 31:59-67
    • (2008) Hypertens Res , vol.31 , pp. 59-67
    • Furumatsu, Y.1    Nagasawa, Y.2    Tomida, K.3    Mikami, S.4    Kaneko, T.5    Okada, N.6    Tsubakihara, Y.7    Imai, E.8    Shoji, T.9
  • 50
    • 49749125234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triple pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in nondiabetic CKD: An open-label crossover randomized controlled trial
    • Tylicki L, Rutkowski P, Renke M, Larczynski W, Aleksandrowicz E, Lysiak-Szydlowska W, Rutkowski B (2008) Triple pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in nondiabetic CKD: An open-label crossover randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 52:486-493
    • (2008) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.52 , pp. 486-493
    • Tylicki, L.1    Rutkowski, P.2    Renke, M.3    Larczynski, W.4    Aleksandrowicz, E.5    Lysiak-Szydlowska, W.6    Rutkowski, B.7
  • 55
    • 33845302661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of spironolactone on proteinuria and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease
    • Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Campese VM (2006) Long-term effects of spironolactone on proteinuria and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 70:2116-2123
    • (2006) Kidney Int , vol.70 , pp. 2116-2123
    • Bianchi, S.1    Bigazzi, R.2    Campese, V.M.3
  • 56
    • 20544465842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonists of aldosterone and proteinuria in patients with CKD: An uncontrolled pilot study
    • Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Campese VM (2005) Antagonists of aldosterone and proteinuria in patients with CKD: An uncontrolled pilot study. Am J Kidney Dis 46:45-51
    • (2005) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.46 , pp. 45-51
    • Bianchi, S.1    Bigazzi, R.2    Campese, V.M.3
  • 57
    • 13244298395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiproteinuric effects of mineralocorticoid receptor blockade in patients with chronic renal disease
    • Sato A, Hayashi K, Saruta T (2005) Antiproteinuric effects of mineralocorticoid receptor blockade in patients with chronic renal disease. Am J Hypertens 18:44-49
    • (2005) Am J Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 44-49
    • Sato, A.1    Hayashi, K.2    Saruta, T.3
  • 58
    • 4644313400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of spironolactone on K(+) homeostasis and ENaC expression in lymphocytes from chronic hemodialysis patients
    • Michea L, Vukusich A, Gonzalez M, Zehnder C, Marusic ET (2004) Effect of spironolactone on K(+) homeostasis and ENaC expression in lymphocytes from chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 66:1647-1653
    • (2004) Kidney Int , vol.66 , pp. 1647-1653
    • Michea, L.1    Vukusich, A.2    Gonzalez, M.3    Zehnder, C.4    Marusic, E.T.5
  • 60
    • 20544445158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in oligo-anuric hemodialysis patients
    • Gross E, Rothstein M, Dombek S, Juknis HI (2005) Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in oligo-anuric hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 46:94-101
    • (2005) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.46 , pp. 94-101
    • Gross, E.1    Rothstein, M.2    Dombek, S.3    Juknis, H.I.4
  • 61
    • 3242805216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive and antiproteinuric efficacy of ramipril in children with chronic renal failure
    • Wuhl E, Mehls O, Schaefer F (2004) Antihypertensive and antiproteinuric efficacy of ramipril in children with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 66:768-776
    • (2004) Kidney Int , vol.66 , pp. 768-776
    • Wuhl, E.1    Mehls, O.2    Schaefer, F.3
  • 64
    • 17644388479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with spironolactone in pediatrics
    • Buck ML (2005) Clinical experience with spironolactone in pediatrics. Ann Pharmacother 39:823-828
    • (2005) Ann Pharmacother , vol.39 , pp. 823-828
    • Buck, M.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.