Astrophysical Lasers

Astrophysical Lasers

Volumn 9780199548279, Issue , 2009, Pages 1-272

  Letokhov, Vladilen ^a   Johansson, Sveneric ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF SPECTROSCOPY   (Russian Federation)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Astrophysical plasmas; Eta carinae; Hubble space telescope; Laser science; Microwave; Molecular clouds; Observational astronomy; Radio astronomy

Indexed keywords

ASTRONOMY; CLOUDS; MASERS; MICROWAVES; RADIO ASTRONOMY; SPACE TELESCOPES; STARS;

ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMA; ETA CARINAE; HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPES; LASER SCIENCE; MOLECULAR CLOUDS;

ASTROPHYSICS;

EID: 70350680207     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548279.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (324)

1. Abbas, M. M., Mumma, M. J., Kostiuk, T., and Buhl, D. 1976. Sensitivity limits of an infrared heterodyne spectrometer for astrophysical applications. Applied Optics 15(2), 427-436.
2. Allen, C. W. 1973. Astrophysical Quantities. Athlone Press, London.
3. Allen, L. and Peters, G. I. 1972a. Amplified spontaneous emission and OH molecules. Nature 235, 143-144.
4. Allen, L. and Peters, G. I. 1972b. Spectral distribution of amplified spontaneous emission. Journal of Physics A: General Physics 5, 695-704.
5. Aller, L. H. 1956. Gaseous nebulae. Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London.
6. Aller, L. H. 1984. Physics of thermal gaseous nebulae. D. Riedel Publ. Co., Dordrecht.
7. Alzetta, G. A., Gozzini, A. L., Moi, L., and Orriois, G. 1976. An experimental method for the observation of RF transitions and laser beat resonances in oriented Na vapor. Nuovo Cimento B36, 5-20.
8. Ambartzumian, V. A. 1933. On the radiative equilibrium of a planetary nebula. Izvestia glavnoi astronomicheskoi observatorii v Pulkovo (Russian) 13, 3.
9. Ambartzumian, R. V., Basov, N. G., Kryukov, P. G., and Letokhov, V.S. 1970. Nonresonant feedback in lasers. Stevens, K. W. N., Sanders, J. H. (eds), in Progress in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 1, Pergamon Press, London, 105-193.
10. Andrillat, Y. and Swings, J. P. 1976. 8200 + 11200 Å spectra of peculiar emission-line objects with infrared excess. Astrophysical Journal 204, L123-L125.
11. Arecchi, F. T. 1965. Measurement of the statistical distribution of Gaussian and laser sources. Physical Review Letters 15, 912-916.
12. Arimondo, E. 1996. Coherent population trapping in laser spectroscopy. Wolf, E. (ed.), in Progress in Optics. Vol. XXXV, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 257-354.
13. Auer, L. H. 1968. Transfer of Lyman alpha in diffusive nebulae. Astrophysical Journal 153, 783-796.
14. Avrett, E. H. Ed. 1976. Frontiers of Astrophysics. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
15. Avrett, E. H. and Hummer, D. G. 1965. Non-coherent scattering: II, line formation with frequency independent source function. Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society 130, 295-331.
16. Barrett, A. H. and Rogers, A. E. E. 1966. Observations of circularly polarized OH emission and narrow spectra features. Nature 210, 188-190.
17. Bashkin, S. and Stoner, Jr., J. O. 1975. Atomic energy levels and Grotrian diagrams, Vol. 1, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
18. Basov, N. G. and Prokhorov, A. M. 1954. Applications of molecular beams for radiospectroscopic study of molecular rotational spectra. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (Russian) 27, 431-438.
19. Basov, N. G. and Prokhorov, A. M. 1955. On possible methods of preparation of active molecules for molecular generator. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (Russian) 29, 249-250.
20. Basov, N. G., Ambartzumian, R. V., Zuyev, V. S., Kryukov, P. G., and Letokhov, V. S. 1966. Nonlinear amplification of light pulse. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 50, 23-34.
21. 2 RF discharges. Physical Review Letters 8, 470-473.
22. 5D)4p subconfiguration. Astrophysical Journal 464, 1044-1049.
23. Bethe, H. 1964. Intermediate quantum mechanics. W. A. Benjamin, Inc. New York, Amsterdam.
24. Bettwieser, E. 1981. Interstellar masers: the influence of the geometrical shape on the radiation properties. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy 2, No. 2, 187-199.
25. Betz, A. L. 1985. A direct search for extraterrestrial laser signals. IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, p. 10.
26. 2 in the atmosphere of Mars. Icarus 30, 650-662.
27. Bowen, I. S. 1928. The origin of the nebular lines and the structure of planetary nebulae. Astrophysical Journal 67, 1-15.
28. Bowen, I. S. 1934. The excitation of the permitted O III nebular lines. Publications of astronomical society of the Pacific 46, 146-150.
29. Bowen, I. S. 1935. The spectrum and composition of the gaseous nebulae. Astrophysical Journal 81, 1-16.
30. Bowen, I. S. 1947. Excitation by line coincidence. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 59, 196-198.
31. Boyarchuk, A. A. 1957. Some characteristics of Be star shells. Soviet Astronomical Journal 1, 192-201.
32. Boyarchuk, A. A. 1969. Symbiotic stars. L. Detre (ed.), in Non-periodic phenomena in various stars. Budapest Academia Press, Budapest, 395-410.
33. Bredice, F., Gallardo, M., Reyna Almandos, J. G., Trigueiros, A. G., and Pagan, C. J. B. 1995. Revised analysis of triply ionized argon (Ar IV). Physica Scripta 51, 446-453.
34. Brocklehurst, M. 1970. Level populations of hydrogen in gaseous nebulae. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 148, 417-434.
35. Brown, A., Ferraz, M. C. de M., and Jordan, C. 1984. The chromosphere and corona of T Tauri. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 207, 831-859.
36. Burbidge, E. N. 1952. The spectrum of CHI Ophiuchi. Astrophysical Journal 118, 418-422.
37. Cao, H., Xu, J. Y., Ling, Y., Burin, A. L., Seeling, E .W., Lu, X., and Chang, R. H. 2003. Random lasers with coherent feedback. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 9, No. 1, 111-118.
38. Carlsson, M. and Judge, P. G., 1993. O I lines in the Sun and stars I - understanding of resonance lines. Astrophysical Journal 402, 344-357.
39. Carpenter, K. G., Pesce, J., Stencel, R., Johansson, S., and Wing, R. F. 1988. The ultraviolet spectrum of noncoronal late-type stars - The Gamma Crucis (M3, 4III) reference spectrum. Astrophysical journal. Supplement 68, 345-369.
40. Casperson, L. W. 1977. Threshold characteristics of mirrorless lasers. Journal of Applied Physics 48, 256-262.
41. Carperson, L. W., and Yariv, A. 1972. Spectral narrowing in high-gain lasers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 8, 80-85.
42. Cheung, A. C., Rank, D. M., Townes, C. H., Thornton, O. D., and Welch, W. I. 1969. Detection of water in interstellar regions by its microwave radiation. Nature 221, 626-628.
43. Clegg, A. W. and Cordes, J. M. 1991. Variability of interstellar hydroxyl masers. Astrophysical Journal 374, 150-168.
44. Clegg, A. W. and Nedoluha, G. E. (eds). 1993. Astrophysical masers. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
45. Cohen, M. H., Jancey, D. L., Kellerman, K. T., and Clark, B. G. 1968. Radio interferometry at one-thousandth second of arc. Science 162, 88-94.
46. Condon, E. U. and Shortley, G. 1963. The theory of atomic spectra. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
47. Cook, A. H. 1977. Celestial masers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
48. Cowley, C. R. 1970. in The theory of stellar spectra, Topics in astrophysics and space physics. Gordon & Breach, New York, 61.
49. Damineli, A. 1996. The 5.52 year cycle of Eta Carinae. Astrophysical Journal 460, L49-L52.
50. Damineli, A. 2001. The O I 8446 Å, Fe II 8490 and Fe II 9997 lines in hot luminious star in Eta Carinae and other mysterious stars. The hidden opportunities of emission line spectroscopy. ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 242, San Francisco, 203-210.
51. Das Gupta, S. and Das Gupta, S. R. 1991. Laser radiation in active amplifying media treated as a transport problem: transfer equation derived and exactly solved. Astrophysics and Space Sciences 184, 77-142.
52. Davidson, K. 2001a. Unique spectroscopic problems related to Eta Carinae. Gull, T., Johansson, S. and Davidson, K. (eds), in Eta Carinae and other mysterious stars. The hidden opportunities of emission line spectroscopy. ASP Conf. Series, vol. 242, 3-13.
53. Davidson, K. 2001b. Ultraviolet and optical spectroscopy. Ferland, G. and Wolf, D. (eds), in Spectroscopic challenges of photoionized plasmas. ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 247, 465-478.
54. Davidson, K. and Humphreys, R. M. 1997. Eta Carinae and its environment. Annual Reviews of Astronomy 35, 1-32.
55. Davidson, K., Ebbets, D., Weigelt, G., Humphreys, R. M., Hajjan, A. R., Walborn, N. R., and Rosa, M. 1995. HST/FOS spectroscopy of Eta Carinae: the star itself, and ejecta within 0.3 arcsec. Astronomy and Astrophysics 109, 1784-1796.
56. Davidson, K., Ebbets, D., Johansson, S., Morse, J. A., Hamann, F. W., Balick, B., Humphreys, R. M., Weigelt, G., and Frank A. 1997. HST/GHRS observations of the compact slow ejecta of Eta Carinae. Astrophysical Journal 113, 335-345.
57. Davies, A. J., Rowson, B., Booth, R. S., Cooper, A. J., Gent, H., Adgie, R. L., and Crowther, J. H. 1967. Measurements of OH emission sources with an interferometer of high resolution. Nature 213, 1109-1110.
58. Deming, D. and Mumma, M. J. 1983. Modeling of the 10 μm natural laser emission from the mesospheres of Mars and Venus. Icarus 55, 356-368.
59. Dirac, P. A. M. (1930, 1957). The principles of quantum mechanics. Oxford University Press, New York.
60. Ditchburn, R. W. and Opik, O. 1962. Photoionization processes, in Atomic and molecular processes, D. R. Bates (ed.), Academic Press, New York.
61. Doel, R. C., Gray, M. D., Field, D., and Jones, K. N. 1993. Physical conditions for farinfrared laser emission from dense OH maser regions. Astronomy and Astrophysics 280, 592-598.
62. Dravins, D. 2001. Quantum-optical signatures of stimulated emission. Gull, T., Johansson, S., Davidson, K. (eds), in Eta Carinae and other mysterious Stars. ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 242, 339-345.
63. Dravins, D. 2007. Photonic astronomy and quantum optics. D. Phelan, O. Ryan, and A. Shearer (eds), in High time-resolution astrophysics, (Springer).
64. Dravins, D., Barbieri, C., Fosbury, R. A. E., Naletto, G., Nillsson, R., Occhipinti, T., Tamburini, F., Uthas, H. and Zampieri, L. 2005. Astronomical quantum optics with extremely large telescopes. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union (Cambridge University Press) 1, 502-505.
65. Einstein, A. 1916. Strahlungs - emission und absorption nach der quanten theorie. Verhandl. Dtsch. Phys. Ges. 18, 318-323.
66. Einstein, A. 1917. Zur quantentheorie der strahlung. Physikalische zeitschrift 18, 121-128 [English translation is available in the book "The old quantum theory", D. Ter Haar. 1967. Pergamon Press, Elmsford, New York, p. 167].
67. Elitzur, M. 1982. Physical characteristics of astronomical masers. Review of Modern Physics 54, 1225-1260.
68. Elitzur, M. 1991. Polarization of astronomical maser radiation. Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, 370, 407-418.
69. Elitzur, M. 1992. Astronomical maser. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
70. Emerson, D. 1996. Interpreting astronomical spectra. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
71. Eriksson, M., Johansson, S., Wahlgren, G. M., Veenhuizen, H., Munari, U., and Siviero, A. 2005. Bowen excitation of N II lines in symbiotic stars. Astronomy and astrophysics 434, 397-404.
72. Eriksson, M., Johansson, S., and Wahlgren, G. 2006. The nature of ultraviolet spectra of AG Pegasus and other symbiotic stars: locations, origins, and excitation mechanisms of emission lines. Astronomy and Astrophysics 451, 157-175.
73. Evans II, N. J., Hill, R. E., Rydbeck, O. E. H., and Kollberg, E. 1972. Statistics of the radiation from astronomical masers. Physical Review 76, 1643-1647.
74. Feibelman, W. A., Bruhweiler, F. C., and Johansson, S. 1991. Ultraviolet high-excitation Fe II fluorescence lines excited by O VI, C IV, and H I resonance emission as seen in IUE spectra. Astrophysical Journal 373, 649-656.
75. Ferland, G. J. 1992. N III line emission in planetary nebulae - continuum fluorescence. Astrophysical Journal 389, L63-L65.
76. Ferland, G. J. 1993. A masing [Fe XI] line. Astrophysical Journal. Supplement 88, 49-52.
77. Fermi, E. 1932. Quantum theory of radiation. Review of Modern Physics 4, 87-133.
78. Ficek, Z., Seke, J., Soldatov, A. V., and Adam, G. 2000. Saturation of a two-level atom in polychromatic fields. Journal of optics B: quantum semiclassical optics 2, 780-785.
79. Filippenko, A. V. 1985. New evidence for photoionization as the dominant excitation mechanism in Liners. Astrophysical Journal 289, 475-489.
80. Glauber, R. 1963a. The quantum theory of optical coherence. Physical Review 130, 2529-2539.
81. Glauber, R. 1963b. Coherent and incoherent states of the radiation field. Physical Review 131, 2766-2788.
82. Goldberg, L. 1966. Stimulated emission of radio-frequency lines of hydrogen. Astrophysical Journal 144, 1225-1229.
83. 2O 6 micron vibrational band toward Orion-BN-KL. Astrophysical Journal 502, L169-L172.
84. Gordiets, B. F. and Panchenko, V. Y. 1983. Nonequilibrium infrared emission and the natural laser effect in the Venus and Mars atmospheres. Kosmitcheskie issledovaniia (Russian) 21, 929-939.
85. Gordiets, B. F. and Panchenko, V. Ya. 1986. Gas lasers with solar pumping. Soviet Physics - Uspekhi 29(7), 703-719.
86. 3. Physical Review 95, 282-284.
87. Gordon, J. P., Zeiger, H. J., and Townes, C. H. 1955. The maser - new type of microwave amplifier, frequency standard, and spectrometer. Physical Review 99, 1264-1274.
88. Gould, G. 1965. Collisional lasers. Applied optics. Suppl. on chemical lasers, No. 2, 56-64.
89. Grandi, S. A. 1975. Starlight excitation of permitted lines in the Orion Nebula. Astrophysical Journal 196, 465-472.
90. Grandi, S.A. 1980. O I 8446 Å emission of Seyfert 1 galaxies. Astrophysical Journal 238, 10-16.
91. Gray, M. D. 1999. Astrophysical masers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 357, 3277-3298.
92. Gray, M. D., Doel, R. C., and Field, D. 1991. A model for O H masers in star-forming regions. Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society 252, 30-48.
93. Gray, M. D., Field, D., and Doel, R. C. 1992. An analysis of intense OH maser emission in star-forming regions. Astronomy and Astrophysics 262, 555-569.
94. Greenhouse, M. A., Feldman, U., Smith, H. A., Klapisch, M., Bhatia, A. K., and Bar-Shalom, A. 1993. Infrared coronal emission lines and the possibility of their laser emission in Seyfert nuclei. Astrophysical Journal. Supplement 88, 23-48.
95. Greenhouse, M. A., Smith, H. A., and Feldman, U. 1996. Possibility of infrared coronal line laser emission in Seyfert nuclei. Chiao, R. Y. (ed.), in Amazing light, Springer, Berlin, 295-305.
96. Greenstein, J. L. 1960. (ed.) Stellar atmospheres. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
97. Gudzenko, L. I. and Shelepin, L. A. 1963. Negative absorption in a nonequilibrium hydrogen plasma. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 18, 998-1002.
98. Gudzenko, L. I. and Shelepin, L. A. 1965. Amplification in a recombining plasma. Doklady of Academy of Sciences of USSR 160, 1296-1299.
99. Gull, T., Goad, L., Chin, N. Y., Maran, S. P., and Hobbs, R. W. 1973. An emission-line object found in the Orion Nebula. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Pasific 85, 526-527.
100. Gull, T., Ishibashi, K., Davidson, K., and the Cycle 7 STIS GO Team. 1999. First observations of Eta Carinae with space telescope imaging spectrograph Morse, J. A., Humphreys, R. M., and Damineli, A. (eds), in Eta Carinae at the millennium. ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 179, 144-154.
101. Gull, T., Ishibashi, K., Davidson, K., and Coolins, N. 2001. STIS observations of the Eta Carinae central source and Weigelt blobs BD. Gull, T. R., Johansson, S., and Davidson, K. (eds), in Eta Carinae and other mysterious stars: The hidden opportunities of emission line spectroscopy. ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 242, San Francisco, 391-459.
102. 2O maser outflow. Astrophysical Journal 393, 149-164.
103. Haisch, B. M., Linsky, J. L., Weinstein, A., and Shine, R. A. 1977. Analysis of the chromospheric spectrum of O I in Acrturus. Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, 214, 785-797.
104. Haken, H. 1970. Laser theory in Encyclopedia of physics, Vol. XXV/2c, Flugge S. (ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
105. Hamann, F., De Poy, D. L., Johansson, S., and Elias, J. 1994. High-resolution 6450-24500 Å spectra of Eta Carinae. Astrophysical Journal 422, 626-641.
106. Hamann, F., Davidson, K., Ishibashi, K., and Gull, T. R. 1999. Preliminary analysis of HSTSTIS spectra of compact ejecta from Eta Carinae. Morse J. A., Humphreys, R. M., and Damineli, A. (eds), in Eta Carinae at the millennium, ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 179, 116-122.
107. Hanbury Brown R. 1974. The intensity interferometer. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London.
108. Hanbury Brown, R., and Twiss, R. G. 1957. Interferometry of the intensity fluctuations in light. III. Applications to astronomy. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, A248, 199-221.
109. Hanbury Brown, R. and Twiss, R. G. 1958. Interferometry of the intensity fluctuations in light. IV. A test of an intensity interferometer on Sirius A. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, A248, 222-237.
110. Hansen, J. E. and Persson, W. J. 1987. A revised analysis of the spectrum of Ar III. Journal of Physics. B. Atomic and Molecular Physics 20, 693-706.
111. Hardy, A. and Treves, D. 1979. Amplified spontaneous emission in spherical and diskshaped laser media. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics QE-15, No. 9, 887-895.
112. Harper, G. M., Wilkinson, E., Brown, A., Jordan, C., and Linsky, J. L. 2001. Identification of Fe II emission lines in fuse stellar spectra. Astrophysical Journal 551, 486-494.
113. Harris, S. 1997. Electromagnetically induced transparency. Physics Today 50(7), 36-42.
114. Hartman, H. and Johansson, S. 2000. Ultraviolet fluorescence lines of Fe II observed in satellite spectra of the symbiotic star RR Telescopic. Astronomy and Astrophysics 359, 627-634.
115. Hartman, H., Damineli, A., Johansson, S., and Letokhov, V. S. 2005. Time variations of the narrow Fe II and H I spectral emission lines from the close vicinity of Eta Carinae during the spectral event of 2003. Astronomy and Astrophysics 436, 945-952.
116. Heitler, W. 1954. The quantum theory of radiation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
117. Hillier, J. D., Davidson, K., Ishibashi, K., and Gull, T. 2001. On the nature of the central source in Eta Carinae. Astronomy and Astrophysics 553, 800-837.
118. Hiltner, V. A. 1947. Infrared spectra of early-type stars. Astrophysical Journal 105, 212-214.
119. Holstein, T. 1947. Imprisonment of resonance radiation in gases. Physical Review 72, 1212-1233.
120. Hummer, D. G. and Rybicki, G. 1971. The formation of spectral lines. Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics 9, 237-270.
121. Ivanov, V. V. 1971. Transfer of line radiation. Washington D.C., US GPO.
122. Javan, A., Bennett, W. R. Jr., and Herriott, D. R. 1961. Population inversion and continuous optical maser oscillation in gas discharge containing a He-Ne mixture. Physical Review Letters 6, 106-110.
123. Johansson, S. 1977. New Fe II identifications in the infrared spectrum of Eta Carinae. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 178, 17-20.
124. Johansson, S. 1978. The spectrum and term systems of Fe II. Physica Scripta 18, 217-265.
125. Johansson, S. 1983. Strong Fe II fluorescence lines in RR Tel. and V1016 Cyg excited by C V in Bowen mechanism. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 327, 71P-75P.
126. Johansson, S. 1988. Indirect IUE observations of O VI from photoexcited fluorescence lines of Fe II, present in the spectrum of RR Telescopic. Astrophysical Journal 327, L85-L88.
127. Johansson, S. and Hamann, F., 1993. Fluorescence lines in ultraviolet spectra of stars. Physica Scripta T47, 157-164.
128. Johansson, S. and Jordan, C. 1984. Selective excitation of Fe II in the laboratory and latetype stellar atmospheres. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 210, 239-256.
129. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2001a. Resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization of ions by Lyman α radiation in gaseous nebulae. Science 291, 625-627.
130. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2001b. Multiple two-photon resonance-enhanced ionization of elements in natural conditions. Letters to the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 73, 135-137.
131. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2001c. Mysterious UV lines of Fe II from η Car blobs. Gull, T. R., Johansson, S., Davidson, K. (eds), in Eta Carinae and other mysterious stars, ASP Conf. Series 242, 309-324.
132. Johansson, S and Letokhov, V. S. 2001d. Successive resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization of elements abundant in nebulae. I. Atoms and ions of C, N, and O. Astronomy and Astrophysics 375, 319-327. [Erratum: 2002. Astronomy and Astrophysics 395, 345].
133. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. 2001e. A model for the origin of the anomalous and very bright UV lines of Fe II in gaseous condensations of the star Eta Carinae. Astronomy and Astrophysics 378, 266-278.
134. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2002. Laser action in a gas condensation in the vicinity of a hot star. Letters to the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 75, 591-594.
135. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. 2003a. Radiative cycle with the stimulated emission from atoms and ions in an astrophysical plasma. Physical Review Letters 90(1), 011101-4.
136. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2003b. Anomalously bright UV lines of Fe II as a probe of gas condensations in the vicinity of hot stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics 412, 771-776.
137. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2003c. Astrophysical lasers with radiation pumping by accidental resonance. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 115, 1375-1382.
138. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2004a. Anomalous Fe II spectral effects and high H I Lyα temperature in gas blobs near Eta Carinae. Letters to the Astronomical Journal (Russian) 30, 67-73.
139. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2004b. The possibility of resonance-enhanced twophoton ionization of Ne and Ar atoms in astrophysical plasma. Astronomical Journal (Russian) 81, 438-446.
140. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2004c. Astrophysical lasers operating in optical Fe II lines in stellar ejecta of Eta Carinae. Astronomy and astrophysics 428, 497-509.
141. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2005a. Possibility of measuring the width of narrow Fe II astrophysical laser lines in the vicinity of Eta Carinae by means of Brown-Twiss-Townes heterodyne correlation interferometry. New Astronomy Journal 10, 361-369.
142. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2005b. Astrophysical lasers in optical Fe II lines in gas condensations near Eta Carinae. Mareassa, L., Helmerson, K., and Bagnato, V. (eds), in Atomic Physics-19, AIP, New York, 399-410.
143. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2005c. Astrophysical laser operating in the OI 8446 Å line in the Weigelt bobs of η Carinae. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Journal 364, 731-737.
144. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2006. Astrophysical laser spectroscopy. Proceedings of 17th international conference on laser spectroscopy, 19-24 June, 2005, Scotland. Hinds, E. A., Ferguson, A., Riis, E. (eds), World Scientific, Singapore, 80.
145. Johansson, S. and Letokhov, V. S. 2007. Astrophysical lasers and nonlinear optical effects in space. New Astronomy Reviews 51, 443-523.
146. Johansson, S. and Zethson, T. 1999. Atomic physics aspects in previously and newly identified iron lines in the HST spectrum of Eta Carinae. Morse, J. A., Humphreys R. M., and Damineli, A. (eds), in Eta Carinae at the millenium, ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 179, 171-183.
147. Johansson, S., Davidson, K., Ebbets, D., Weigelt, G., Balick, B., Frank, A., Hamann, F., Humphreys, R. M., Morse, J., and White, R. L. 1996. Is there a dischromatic UV laser in Eta Carinae. in Science with Hubble telescope-II. Benvenuti, P., Macehetto, F. D., Schreier, F. J. (eds), Space Telescope Institute, 361-365.
148. Johansson, S., Zethson, T., Hartman, H., and Letokhov, V. 2001. Fluorescence lines in Eta Carinae and other objects. Gull, T., Johansson, S., Davidson, K. (eds), in Eta Carinae and other mysterious stars, ASP Conf. Series, 242, 297-307.
149. Johansson, S., Gull, T. R., Hartman, H., and Letokhov, V. S. 2004. Metastable hydrogen absorption in ejecta close to Eta Carinae. Astronomy and Astrophysics 435, 183-189.
150. Johansson, S., Hartman, H., and Letokhov, V. S. 2006a. Resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization (RETPI) of Si II and an anomalous, variable intensity of the λ 1892 Si III] line in the Weigelt blobs of Eta Carinae. Astronomy and Astrophysics 457, 253-256.
151. 2 emission lines in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus. Physical Review Letters 33, 1617-1620.
152. 2 emission lines in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus. Astrophysical Journal 208, L145-L148.
153. Jordan, C. 1988a. Ultraviolet spectroscopy of cool stars. Journal of Optical Society of America B5, 2252-2263.
154. Jordan, C. 1988b. Ultraviolet Fe II emission cool star chromospheres. Viotti, R., Vittone A., and Friedjung, M. (eds), in Physics of formation of Fe II lines outside LTE, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht.
155. Kastner, S. O. and Bhatia, A. K. 1986. PAR: Photoexcitation by accidental resonance. Comments on Atomic and Molecular Physics 18, 39-45.
156. Kastner, S. O. and Bhatia, A. K. 1991. N III line emission in planetary nebulae - not Bowen fluorescence. Astrophysical Journal, Part 2, 381, L59-L62.
157. Kastner, S. O. and Bhatia, A. K. 1995. The neutral oxygen spectrum. II. Pumping by hydrogen Lyman-beta under the optically thin condition: a first application to the classical novae. Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, 439, 346-356.
158. Kenyon, S. J. 1986. The symbiotic stars. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
159. Kimble, R. A., Woodgate, B. E., Bowers, C. W., et al. 1998. The on-orbit performance of the space telescope imaging spectrograph. Astrophysical Journal 492, L83-L93.
160. Klimov, V. V., Johansson, S., and Letokhov, V. S. 2002. The origin of the anomalous intensity ratio between very bright UV Fe II lines and their satellites in gaseous condensations close to the star Eta Carinae. Astronomy and Astrophysics 385, 313-327.
161. Knowles, S. H., Mayer, C. H., Sullivan, W. T. III, and Cheung A. C. 1969. Galactic water vapor emission: further observations of variability. Science 166, 221-224.
162. Kramida, A. E., Bastin, T., Biemont, E., Dumont, P. D., and Garnir, H. P. 1999. A critical compilation and extended analysis of the Ne IV spectrum. European Physics Journal D7, 525-546.
163. Krolik, J. H. and McKee, C. F. 1978. Hydrogen emission-line spectra in quasars and active galactic nuclei. Astrophysical journal. Supplement 37, 459-483.
164. Kurucz, R. L. 2002.
165. Kwon, S. 2000. The origin and evolution of planetary nebulae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
166. Kwong, H. S., Johnson, B. C., Smith, P. L., and Parkinson, W. H. 1983. Transition probability of the Si III 182.9 nm intersystem line. Physical Review A27, 3040-3043.
167. Lamb, W. E. Jr. and Scully, M. O. 1967. Quantum theory of an optical maser. I. General theory. Physical Review 159, 208-226.
168. Lamb, W. E., Schleich, W. P., Scully, M. O., and Townes, C. H. 1999. Laser physics: quantum controversy in action. Review of Modern Physics 71, s263-s273.
169. Lamers, H. and Cassinelli, J. 1999. Introduction to stellar wind. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
170. Landau, L. D. and Lifshitz, E. M. 1958. Quantum mechanics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.
171. Lavrinovich, N. N. and Letokhov, V. S. 1974. The possibility of the laser effect in stellar atmospheres. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 67, 1609-1620.
172. Lavrinovich, N. N. and Letokhov, V. S. 1976. Detection of narrow "laser" lines masked by spatially nonhomogeneous broadening in radiation emitted from stellar atmospheres. Kvantovaya Elektronika (Russian) 3, 1948-1954.
173. Lawandy, N. M., Balachandran, R. M., Gomes, A. S. L., and Sauvaiian, E. 1994. Laser action in strongly scattering media. Nature 368, 436-438.
174. Letokhov, V. S. 1965. Spatial effects in optical wave heterodyning. Radiotechnika i Elektronika (Russian) 10, 1143-1145.
175. Letokhov, V. S. 1966. Stimulated radioemission of the interstellar medium. Letters to the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 4, 477-481.
176. Letokhov, V. S. 1967a. Light generation by a scattering medium with a negative resonant absorption. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 53, 1442-1452 [English translation: Soviet Physics - JETP 16, 835-840 (1968)].
177. Letokhov, V. S. 1967b. Quantum statistics of multi-mode radiation from an ensemble of atoms. Journal of experimental and theoretical physics 53, 2210-2222 [English translation: Soviet Physics - JETP 53, 1246-1251 (1968)].
178. Letokhov, V. S. 1972a. Laser action in stellar atmospheres. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics QE8, 615.
179. Letokhov, V. S. 1972b. Space maser with a feedback. Astronomical Journal (Russian) 49, 737-743.
180. Letokhov, V. S. 1987. Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy. Academic Press Inc., Orlando.
181. Letokhov, V. S. 1996. Noncoherent feedback in space masers and stellar lasers. In Amazing light. A volume dedicated to Charles Hard Townes on his 80th birthday, Chiao, R. Y. (ed.), Springer, Berlin, 409-443.
182. Letokhov, V. S. 2002. Astrophysical lasers. Kvantovaya Elektronika (Russian) 32(12), 1065-1079.
183. Letokhov, V. S. 2007. Laser control of atoms and molecules. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
184. Letokhov, V. S. and Chebotayev, V. P. 1977. Nonlinear laser spectroscopy. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
185. Letokhov, V. S. and Ustinov, N. D. 1983. Power lasers and their applications. Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur.
186. Litvak, M. M. 1969. Infrared pumping of interstellar OH. Astrophysical Journal 156, 471-492.
187. Litvak, M. M. 1970. Linewidths of a Gaussian broadband signal in a saturated two-level system. Physical Review A 2, 2107-2115.
188. Litvak, M. M. 1974a. Coherent molecular radiation. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 12, 97-112.
189. Litvak, M. M. 1974b. Radiative transport in interstellar maser. Astrophysical Journal 182, 711-730.
190. Litvak, M. M., McWhorter, A. L., Meeks, M. L., and Zeiger, H. J. 1966. Maser model for interstellar OH microwave emission. Physical Review Letters 17, 821-826.
191. Loudon, R. 1983. The quantum theory of light. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
192. Maeda, H. and Yariv, A. 1973. Narrowing and rebroadening of amplified spontaneous emission in high-gain laser media. Physics Letters 43A, 383-385.
193. Maiman, T. 2000. The Laser Odyssey. Laser Press, Blaine, WA.
194. Makarov, A. A. 1983. Excitation of atoms by light pulses with off-resonance frequencies. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 85, 1192-1202.
195. Mandel, L. and Wolf, E. 1965. Coherence properties of optical fields. Reviews of Modern Physics 37, 231-287.
196. Markushev, V. M., Zolin, V. F., and Briskina, C. M. 1986. Luminescence and stimulated emission of neodymium in sodium lanthanym molybdate powders. Quantum Electronics 16, 281-284.
197. Martin-Pintado, J., Bachiller, R., Thum, C., and Walmsley, C. M. 1989. A radio recombination line maser in MWC 349. Astronomy and Astrophysics 215, L13-L16.
198. Massey, H. S. W. and Burhop, E. H. S. 1952. Electron and ion impact phenomena. The Clarendon Press, Oxford.
199. Menzel, D. H. 1969. Laser action in non-LTE atmospheres. Groth, H. G. and Wellmann, R. (eds), in Spectrum formation in stars with steady-state extended atmospheres. Proc. of IAU Colloq. 2, April, NBS Special Publ., Munich, 332, 134.
200. Merrill, P. W. 1951. The spectrum of XX Ophiuchi in 1949 and 1950. Astrophysical Journal 114, 37-46.
201. Merrill, P. W. 1952. Spectroscopic observations of stars of class S. Astrophysical Journal 116, 21-26.
202. Merrill, P. W. 1956. Lines of the chemical elements in astronomical spectra. DC Carnegie Inst. Wash, Washington.
203. Meystre, P. and Sargent III, M. 1990. Elements of quantum optics. Springer, Berlin.
204. Michael, E. A., Keoshian, C. J., Wagner, D. R., Anderson, S. K., and Saykally, R. J. 2001. Infrared water recombination lasers. Chemical Physics Letters 338, 277-284.
205. Mihalas, D. 1978. Stellar atmospheres. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York.
206. Mihalas, D. and Athay, R. 1973. The effects of departures from LTE in stellar spectra. Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics 11, 187-218.
207. Minogin, V. G. and Letokhov, V. S. 1987. Laser light pressure on atoms. Gordon and Breach, New York.
208. Molish, A. F. and Oehry, B. P. 1998. Radiation trapping in atomic vapours. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
209. Moore, C. E. 1945. A multiplet table of astrophysical interest. Contr. Princeton Univ. Obs. No. 20 (reprinted 1959, National Bureau of Standards, Technical Note 36).
210. Moore, C. E. 1949. Atomic energy levels, Volume 1. National Bureau of Standards (US) Circular 467.
211. Moore, C. E. 1952. Atomic energy levels, Volume 2 (reprinted as National Standards Reference Data, Seria (US) 35, 1971).
212. Moore, C. E. 1958. Atomic energy levels, volume 3 (reprinted as National Standards Reference Data, Seria (US) 35, 1971).
213. Moore, C. E. 1962. An ultraviolet multiplet table. National Bureau of Standards, Circular 488, Section 1-5.
214. Morse, J. A., Humphreys, R. M., and Damineli, A. (eds). 1999. Eta Carinae at the millennium. ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 179.
215. Mumma M. J. 1993. Natural lasers and masers in the solar system, in Astrophysical masers, Clegg, A. W. and Nedoluha, G. E. (eds), Springer, Berlin, 455-467.
216. Mumma, M. J. Buhl, D., Chin, G., Deming, D., Espenak, F., Kostiuk, T., and Zipoy, D. 1981. Discovery of natural gain amplification in the 10-micrometer carbon dioxide laser bands on Mars: a natural laser. Science 212, 45-49.
217. Münch, G. and Taylor, K. 1974. On the spectrum of neutral oxygen in the Orion Nebula. Astrophysical Journal 192, L93-L95.
218. Mustel, E. R. 1941. The distribution of energy in the continuous spectrum of stars of early spectral classes. Astronomical Journal (Russian) 18, 297-310.
219. Nahar, S. N. and Pradhan, A. K. 1994. Atomic data for opacity calculations: XX. Photoionization cross-sections and oscillator strengths for Fe II. Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics 27, 429-446.
220. Netzer, H. 1998. The formation of Fe II emission lines. Viotti, R., Vittone, A., Frieddjung, M. (eds), in Physics of formation of Fe II lines outside LTE, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 247-257.
221. Norlen, G. 1973. Wavelengths and energy levels of Ar I and Ar II based on new interferometric measurements in the region 3400-9800 å. Physica Scripta 8, 249-268.
222. Nussbaumer, H. and Schild, H. 1981. A model for V1016 CYG based on the ultraviolet spectrum. Astronomy and Astrophysics 101, 118-131.
223. Osterbrock, D. E. 1962. The escape of resonance-line radiation from an optically thick medium. Astrophysical Journal 135, 195-211.
224. Osterbrock, D. E. 1989. Astrophysics of gaseous nebulae and active galactic nuclei. Univ. Science Books, Sausalito, California.
225. Osterbrock, D. E. and Ferland, G. J. 2006. Astrophysics of gaseous nebulae and active galactic nuclei. University Science Book, Sausalito, California.
226. Padmabandu, G. G., Welch, G. R., Shubin, I. N., Fry, E. S., Nikonov, D. E., Lukin, M. D., and Scully, M. O. 1996. Laser oscillation without population inversion in a sodium atomic beam. Physical Review Letters 76, 2053-2056.
227. Penston, M., Benvenutti, P., and Cassatella, A. et al. 1983. IUE and new observations of slow nova RR Tel. Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society 202, 833-857.
228. Persson, W. 1971. The spectrum of singly ionized neon, Ne II. Physica Scripta 3, 133-135.
229. Persson, W., Wahlström, C.-G., Jönsson, L., and di Rocco, H. O. 1991. Spectrum of doubly ionized neon. Physical Review A43, 4791-4823.
230. Pottasch, S. R. 1984. Planetary nebulae. D. Reidel Publ. Comp, Dordrecht.
231. Prochazka, I., Hamal, K., and Sopko, B. 2004. Recent achievements in single photon detectors and their applications. Journal of Modern Optics 51, 1289-1213.
232. Prokhorov, A. M. 1958. Molecular amplifier and generator for submillimeter waves. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 34, 1658-1659.
233. Prokhorov, A. M. 1963. Amplifying properties of a fiber. Optica and Spectroscopia 14, 73-77.
234. Raassen, A. J. J. 2002.
235. Reid, M. J. and Moran, J. M. 1981. Masers. Annual Review on Astronomy and Astrophysics 19, 231-276.
236. Reines, A. E. and Marey, G. W. 2002. Optical search for extraterrestrial intelligence: a spectroscopic search for laser emission from nearby stars. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 114, 416-426.
237. Risken, H. 1984. The Fokker-Planck equation. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
238. Robson, I. 1986. Active galactic nuclei. Wiley, Chichester.
239. Rothermel, H., Kaufl, H. U., and Yu, Y. 1983. A heterodyne spectrometer for astronomical measurements at 10 micrometers. Astronomy and Astrophysics 126, 387-392.
240. Rowland, P. R. and Cohen, R. J. 1986. Rapid variability of H2O masers in Cepheus A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 220, 233-251.
241. Rudy, R., Rosano, G. S., and Puetter, R. C. 1989. The near-infrared oxygen I lines of the planetary nebula IC 4997. Astrophysical Journal, Part I, 346, 799-802.
242. Rybicki, G. B. and Lightman, A. P. 1979. Radiative Processes in Astrophysics. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
243. Saha, S. 2002. Modern optical astronomy technology and impact on interferometry. Review of Modern Physics 74, 551-600.
244. Sargent III, M., Scully, M. O., and Lamb Jr., W. E. 1974. Laser physics. Addison-Wesley Publ. Co, Reading.
245. Schawlow, A. L. and Townes, C. H. 1958. Infrared and optical masers. Physical review 112, 1940-1949.
246. Schrödinger, E. 1926. Der sletigeubergang von micro-zur markomechanik. Naturwissenschaften 14, 664-666.
247. Schwartz, R. N. and Townes, C. H. 1960. Interstellar and interplanetary communications by optical masers. Nature 190, 205-208.
248. Schmid, H. 1989. Identification of the emission bands at λλ 6830, 7088. Astronomy and astrophysics 211, L31-L34.
249. Scoville, N., Kleinmann, S., Hall, D., and Ridgeway, S. 1983. The cirmustellar and nebular environment of the Becklin-Neugebauer object: λ = 2-5 micron spectroscopy. Astrophysical Journal 275, 201-224.
250. Scully, M. and Zubairy, M. S. 1997. Quantum optics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
251. Seaton, M. J. 1959. Radiative recombination of hydrogenic ions. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 119, 81-89.
252. Seaton, M. J. 1960. Planetary nebulae. Reports on progress in physics 23, 313-354.
253. Seaton, M. J. 1964. Recombination spectra. III. Populations of highly excited states. Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society 127, 177-184.
254. Selvelli, P., Danziger, J., and Bonifacio, P. 2007. The He II Fowler lines and the O III and N III Bowen fluorescence lines in the symbiotic nova RR Tel. Astronomy and Astrophysics 464, 715-734.
255. Sherwood, B., Mumma, M. J., and Donaldson, B. P. 1992. Engineering planetary lasers for interstellar communications. The second conference on Lunar bases and space activities of the 21st century. NASA, Johnson Space Center, 2, 635-637.
256. Shklovskii, I. S. 1991. Five billion vodka bottles to the Moon: tales of a Soviet scientist. W. W. Norton & Company.
257. Shore, B. W. and Menzel, D. H. 1968. Principles of atomic spectra. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
258. Siegman, A. 1966. The antenna properties of optical heterodyne receivers. Applied Optics 5, 1588-1594.
259. Siegman, A. 1986. Lasers. University Science Books, California.
260. Skelton, D. J. and Shine, R. A. 1982. Formation of the O I resonance triplet and intercombination doublet in the solar chromosphere. Astrophysical Journal Part 1, 259, 869-879.
261. Slettebak, A. 1951. Lines of neutral oxygen in the infrared spectra of Be Star. Astrophysical Journal 113, 436-437.
262. Smith, H. A. 1969. Population inversions in ions of astrophysical interest. Astrophysical Journal 15, 371-383.
263. Smith, H. A., Larson, H. P., and Fink, U. 1979. The spectrum of the Becklin- Neugebauer source in Orion from 3.3 to 5.5 microns. Astrophysical Journal 233, 132-139.
264. Smith, H. A., Strelnitskii, V. S., and Ponomarev, V. O. 1996. Hydrogen masers and lasers in space in Amazing light. Chiao, R. (ed.). Volume dedicated to Charles Hard Townes on his 80th Birthday. Springer, Berlin, 603-611.
265. Smith, H. A., Strelnitskii, V., Miles, J. W., Kelly, D. M., and Lacy, J. H. 1997. Mid-infrared hydrogen recombination line emission from the maser star. Astrophysical Journal 114, 2658-2663.
266. Smith, N., Davidson, K., Gull, T. R., Ishibashi, K., and Hillier J. D. 2003. Latitude-dependent effects in the stellar wind of Eta Carinae. Astrophysical Journal 586, 432-450.
267. 2 molecules as a source of diffuse interstellar bands. Chemical Physics Letters 245, 639-642.
268. Sobel'man, I. I. 1979. Atomic spectra and radiative transition. Springer, Berlin.
269. Sobel'man, I. I., Vainstein, L. A., and Yukov, E. A. 1981. Excitation of atoms and broadening of spectral lines. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
270. Sobolev, V. V. 1962. Radiative energy transfer in stellar and planetary atmospheres. Van Nonstrand, Princeton, N. J.
271. Sobolev, V. V. 1963. A treatise of radiation transfer. Van Nostrand, Princeton, N. J.
272. 2 molecules. Chemical Physics Letters 234, 1-6.
273. Sorokin, P. P. and Glownia, J. H. 2000. Nonlinear optics in space. Canadian Journal of Physics 78, 461-481.
274. Sorokin, P. P. and Glownia, J. H. 2002. Lasers without inversion (LWI) in space: a possible explanation for intense, narrow-band, emissions that dominate the visible and/or far UV (FUV) spectra of certain astronomical objects. Astronomy and Astrophysics 384, 350-363.
275. 2 laser in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus. Soviet Astron. Letters 11, 390-394.
276. Strelnitskii, V. 2002. The puzzle of natural lasers. Migenas, V. and Reid, M. J. (eds), in IAU Symp. 206, Cosmic masers: from photostars to black holes, Cambridge Univ. Press, CCambridge, 479-481.
277. Sternberg, A., Dalgarno, A., and Roueff, E. 1988. The Bowen mechanism and charge transfer. Comments on Astrophysics 13, 29-37.
278. Storey, P. J. and Hummer, D. G. 1995. Recombination line intensities for hydro- genic ions - IV. Total recombination coefficients and machine-readable tables for Z = 1 to 8. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 272(1), 41-48.
279. Strelnitskii, V. S., Smith, H. A., Haas, M. R., Colgan, S. W. J., Erickson, E. F., Geis, N., Hallenbach, D. J., and Townes, C. H. 1995. Haas, M. R., Davidson, J. A., and Erickson, E. F. (eds), in Proceedings of Airborne Astronomy Symposium on the Galactic Ecosystem: From Gas to Stars. ASP, San Francisco, 271.
280. Strelnitskii, V., Haas, M. R., Smith, H. A., Eriksson, E F., Colgan, S. W. J., and Hollenbach, D. J. 1996. Far-infrared hydrogen lasers in the peculiar star MWC 349 Å. Science 272, 1459-1461.
281. Strittmatter, P. A., Woolf, N. J., Thompson, R. I., Wilkerson, S., Angel, J. R. P. Stockman, H. S., and Gilbert, G. 1977. The spectral development of Nova Cygni. 1975. Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, 216, 23-32.
282. Strömgren, B. 1939. The physical state of interstellar hydrogen. Astrophysical Journal 89, 526-545.
283. Svelto, O. 1998. Principles of lasers, 4rd edition Plenum Press, New York.
284. Szeifert, T., Humphreys, R. M., Davidson, K., Jones, T. J., Stahl, O., Wolf, B., and Zickgraf, F.-J. 1996. HST and groundbased observations of the Hubble-Sandage variables in M 31 and M 33. Astronomy and Astrophysics 314, 131-145.
285. Thackeray, A. D. 1935. The emission line λ 4511 in late-type variables. Astrophysical Journal 81, 467-473.
286. Thackeray, A. D. 1969. The spectrum of Eta Carinae in the 10000Å region. Monthly Notices of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa 28, 37-42.
287. Thum, C., Strelnitskii, V. S, Martin-Pintado, J., Matthews, H. E., and Smith, H. A. 1995. Hydrogen recombination β -lines in MWC 349. Astronomy and Astrophysics 300, 843-850.
288. Thum, C., Martin-Pintado, J., Quirrenbach, A., and Matthews, H. C. 1998. ISO study of the recombination line maser star MWC 349. Yun, J. L., Liseau, R. (eds), in Star formation with infrared space observatory, ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 132, 107-112.
289. Townes, C. H. 1983. At what wavelengths should we search for signals from extraterrestrial intelligence?. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 80(4), 1147-1151.
290. Townes, C. H. 1993. The early years of research on astronomical lasers. In Astronomical masers, A. W. Clegg and G. E. Nedohula (eds) Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 3-11.
291. Townes, C. H. 1994. Making waves. American Institute of Physics, New York.
292. Townes, C. H. 1997. Space maser and lasers. Kvantovaya Elektronica (Russian) 27, 1063-1066.
293. Townes, C. H. 1999. How the laser happened. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
294. Townes, C. H., Sutton, E. C., and Storey, J. W. V. 1978. Infrared heterodyne interferometry. Pacini, F., Richter, W., Wilson, R. N. (eds), in ESO Conference, Optical telescopes of the future, 409-426.
295. Traving, G. 1968. Broadening and shift of spectral lines. In Plasma diagnostics, by Lochthe-Holtgreven, W. (ed.) North-Holland, Publ. Co., Amsterdam, Chapter 2, 57.
296. Truitt, P. and Strelntiski, V. 2000. Transition to oscillation regime in flaring water vapor masers. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 32, 1484.
297. Unsold, A. Physik der Sternatmosphëren. 1968. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
298. van Boekel, R., Kervella, P., Schöller, M., Herbst, T., Brandner, W., de Koter, A., Waters, L. B. F. M., Hillier D. J., Paresce, F., Lenzen, P., and Lagrange, A.-M. 2003. Direct measurements of the size and shape of the present-day stellar wind of Eta Carinae. Astronomy and Astrophysics 410, L37-L40.
299. Varshni, Y. P. and Lam, C. S. 1976. Laser action in stellar atmospheres. Astrophysics and Space Science 45, 87-97.
300. Varshni, Y. P. and Nasser, R. M. 1986. Laser action in stellar envelopes II, He I. Astrophysics and Space Science 125, 341-360.
301. Vavilov, S. I. 1960. Microstructure of light. (Russian). Publ. House of USSR Acad. Sci., Moscow.
302. Verner, E. M., Gull, T. R., Bruhweiler, F., Johansson, S., Ishibashi, K., and Davidson, K. 2002. The origin of Fe II and [Fe II] emission lines in the 4000-10000 Å range in the BD Weigelt blobs of Eta Carinae. Astrophysical Journal 581, 1154-1167.
303. Viotti, R., Rossi, L., Casatella, A., Altamore, A., and Baratta, G. B. 1989. The ultraviolet spectrum of Eta Carinae. Astrophysical journal. Supplement 71, 983-1009.
304. Vlemmings, W. H. T. 2007. A review of maser polarization and magnetic fields. In Astrophysical masers and their environments, J. M. Chapman and W. A. Bann (eds), Proceedings of the IAU Symposium, No. 242, 119-128.
305. Watson, W. D. and Wyld, H. W. 2003. Apparent sizes and spectral line profiles for spherical and disk masers: solution to the full equations. Astrophysical Journal 598, 357-368.
306. Weaver, H., Williams, D. R. W., Dieter, N. H., Hannilon, H., and Lum, W. E. 1965. Observations of a strong unidentified microwave line and of emission from the OH molecule. Nature 208, 29-30.
307. Weigelt, G. and Ebersberger, J. 1986. Eta Carinae resolved by speckle interferometry. Astronomy and Astrophysics 163, L5-L6.
308. Weinberg, A. M. and Wigner, E. P. 1958. Physical theory of neutron chain reactors. University of Chicago, Chicago.
309. Weinreb, S., Meeks, M. L., Carter, J. C., Barrett, A. H., and Rogers, A. E. E. 1965. Observations of polarized OH emission. Nature 208, 440-441.
310. Weisskopf, V. 1933a. Die strahlung des lichtes an angeregaten atomen. Zeitschrift der Physik 85, 451-481.
311. Weisskopf, V. 1933b. The intensity and structure of spectral lines. The Observatory 56, 291-308.
312. Weisskopf, V. and Wigner, E. 1930. Berechnung der natürlichen linienbreite auf grund der Diracschen lichttheorie. Zeitschrift fur Physik 63, 54-73.
313. Whittet, D. C. B. 1992. Dust in the galactic environment. Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol.
314. Wiese, W. L., Fuhr, J. R., and Deters, T. M. 1996. Atomic transition probabilities of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. J. Phys. Ref. Data. Monograph. NIST, Washington D.C.
315. Woodbury, G. J. and Ng, W. R. 1962. Stimulated Raman emission in a normal ruby laser. Proceedings of the IRE 50, 1236-1237.
316. Wooley, R. 1938. Non-coherent formation of absorption lines. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 98, 624-632.
317. Yariv, A. 1976. Introduction to optical electronics, 2nd edition. Holt, Reinhart and Winston, New York.
318. Yariv, A. and Leite, R. C. C. 1963. Super radiant narrowing in fluorescent radiation of inverted population. Journal of Applied Physics 34, 3410-3411.
319. Zanstra, H. 1949. On scattering with redistribution and radiation pressure in a stationary nebula. Bulletin of the Astronomical Institute of the Netherlands 11, 1-10.
320. Zethson, T. 2001. Hubble space telescope spectroscopy of Eta Carinae and Chi Lupi. Ph.D. Thesis Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
321. Zibrov, A. S., Lukin, M. D., Nikonov, D. E., Hollberg, K., Scully, M. O., Velichansky, V. L., and Robinson, H. G. 1995. Experimental demonstration of laser oscillation without population inversion via quantum interference in Rb. Physical Review Letters 75, 1499-1502.
322. Zoccali, M., Lecureur, A., Barbuy, B., Hill, V., Renzini, A., Minnetti, D., Momany, Y., Gomez, A., and Ortolani, S. 2006. Oxygen abundances in the Galactic bulge: evidence for fast chemical enrichment. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 457, L1-L4.
323. Zoller, P. 1979. Saturation of two-levels atoms in chaotic fields. Physical Review A20, 2420-2423.
324. Zyuzin, A. Ya. 1994. Weak localisation in backscattering from an amplifying medium. Europhys. Lett. 26, 517-520.