Eta Carinae and its environment

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 1-32

  Davidson, Kris ^a   Humphreys, Roberta M ^a  

^a University of Minnesota   (United States)

Author keywords

LBVs or luminous blue variables; Massive stars; Variable stars

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031469335     PISSN: 00664146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.1     Document Type: Article

References (165)

1. Aitken DK, Jones B, Bregman JD, Lester DF, Rank DM. 1977. Ap. J. 217:103-7
2. Aitken DK, Smith CH, Moore TJT, Roche PF. 1995. MNRAS 273:359-66
3. Allen DA. 1989. MNRAS 241:195-207
4. Allen DA, Hillier DJ. 1993. Proc. Astron. Soc. Aust. 10:338-41
5. Allen DA, Jones TJ, Hyland AR. 1985. Ap. J. 291:280-90
6. Aller LH. 1966. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 55:671-76
7. Aller LH, DunhamT. 1966. Ap. J. 146:126-41
8. Andriesse CD, Donn BD, Viotti R. 1978. MNRAS 185:771-88
9. Appenzeller I. 1986. In Luminous Stars and Associations in Galaxies, IAU Symposium 116, ed. H Lamers, C de Loore, pp. 139-43. Dordrecht: Reidel
10. Appenzeller I. 1989. In Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, IAU Colloq. 113, ed. K Davidson, AFJ Moffat, H Lamers, pp. 279-80. Dordrecht: Kluwer
11. Bandiera R, Focardi P, Altamore A, Rossi C, Stahl O. 1989. In Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, IAU Colloq. 113, ed. K Davidson, AFJ Moffat, H Lamers, pp. 279-80. Dordrecht: Kluwer
12. Baratta GB, Viotti R. 1989. In Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, IAU Colloq. 113, ed. K Davidson, AFJ Moffat, H Lamers, pp. 277-78. Dordrecht: Kluwer
13. Baratta GB, Cassatella A, Viotti R. 1995a. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 113:1-19
14. Baratta GB, Cassatella A, Viotti R. 1995b. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. Ser. Conf. 2:41-45
15. Bath GT. 1979. Nature 282:274-76
16. Bidelman WP, Galen TA, Wallerstein G. 1993. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 105:785-86
17. Bjorkman JE, Cassinelli JP. 1993. Ap. J. 409:429-49
18. Briggs GP, Aitken DK. 1985. Proc. Astron. Soc. Aust. 6:145-47
19. Burbidge GR. 1962. Ap. J. 136:304-7
20. Carty TF, Perkins HG, Warren-Smith RF, Scarrott SM. 1979. MNRAS 189:299-304
21. Chlebowski T, Seward FD, Swank J, Szymkowiak A. 1984. Ap. J. 281:665-72
22. Corcoran MF, Rawley GL, Swank JH, Petre R. 1995. Ap. J. 445:L121-124
23. Cox AN, Morgan SM, Soukup MS, Guzik JA. 1993. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 25:1441
24. Cox P, Mezger PG, Sievers A, Najarro F, Bronfman L, et al. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 297:168-74
25. Currie DG, Dowling DM, Shaya EJ, Hester JJ, Scowen P, et al. 1996. Astron. J. 112:1115-27
26. Damineli A. 1996. Ap. J. 460:L49-52
27. Damineli A, Cassatella A, Viotti R, Baratta GB, Carranza GJ, Villada M. 1995. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. Ser. Conf. 2:41-45
28. Damineli A, Viotti R, Cassatella A, Baratta GB. 1993a. Space Sci. Revs. 66:211-14
29. Damineli Neto A, Viotti R, Baratta GB, de Araujo FX. 1993b. Astron. Astrophys. 268:183-86
30. Davidson K. 1971. MNRAS 154:415-27
31. Davidson K. 1987a. In Instabilities of Luminous Early Type Stars, ed. H Lamers, C de Loore, pp. 127-41. Dordrecht: Reidel
32. Davidson K. 1987b. Ap. J. 317:760-64
33. Davidson K. 1989. In Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, IAU Colloq. 113, ed. K Davidson, AFJ Moffat, H Lamers, pp. 101-8. Dordrecht: Kluwer
34. Davidson K. 1993. In Massive Stars: Their Lives in the Interstellar Medium, ASP Conference Ser. 35, ed. JP Cassinelli, EB Churchwell, pp. 483-88. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
35. Davidson K, Dufour RJ, Walborn NR, Gull TR. 1986. Ap. J. 305:867-79
36. Davidson K, Ebbets D, Johansson S, Jorse JA, Hamann FW, et al. 1997. Astron. J. In press
37. Davidson K, Ebbets D, Weigelt G, Humphreys RM, Hajian AR, et al. 1995. Astron. J. 109:1784-96
38. Davidson K, Humphreys RM. 1986. Astron. Astrophys. 164-.L7-9
39. Davidson K, Ruiz MT. 1975. Ap. J. 202:421-24
40. Davidson K, Walborn NR, Gull TR. 1982. Ap. J. 254:L47-51
41. de Groot M, Lamers HJGLM. 1992. Nature 355:422-23
42. Dufour RJ. 1989. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. 18:87-98
43. Dufour RJ. 1994. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. 29:213
44. Duncan RA, White SM, Lim J, Nelson GJ, Drake SA, Kundu MR. 1995. Ap. J. 441:L73-76
45. Duschl WJ, Hofmann K-H, Rigaut F, Weigelt G. 1995. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. Ser. Conf. 2:17-22
46. Ebbets D, Garner H, White R, Davidson K, Malumuth E, Walborn N. 1993a. In Circumstellar Media in the Late Stages of Stellar Evolution, 34th Herstmonceux Conf., ed. RES Clegg, R Stevens, WPS Meikle, pp. 95-97. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
47. Ebbets D, Malumuth E, Davidson K, White R, WalbornNR. 1993b. In Massive Stars: Their Lives in the Interstellar Medium, ASP Conf. Ser. 35, ed. JP Cassinelli, EB Churchwell, pp. 263-65. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
48. Falcke H, Davidson K, Hofmann K-H, Weigelt G. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 306:L17-20
49. Feast MW, Whitelock PA, Warner B. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 285:199-200
50. Feinstein A. 1982. Astron. J. 87:1012-21
51. Feinstein A. 1995. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. Ser. Conf. 2:57-67
52. Feinstein A, Marraco HG, Muzzio JC. 1973. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 12:331-50
53. Feinstein A, Marraco HG. 1974. Astron. Astrophys. 30:271-73
54. Fitzgerald PM, Mehta S. 1987. MNRAS 228:545-55
55. Forte JC. 1978. Astron. J. 87:1199-205
56. Frank A, Balick B, Davidson K. 1995. Ap. J. 441:L77-80
57. Gallagher JS. 1989. In Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, IAU Colloq. 113, ed. K Davidson, AFJ Moffat, H Lamers, pp. 185-94. Dordrecht: Kluwer
58. García-Segura G, Mac Low M-M, Langer N. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 305:229-44
59. Gaviola E. 1950. Ap. J. 111:408-13
60. Gaviola E. 1953. Ap. J. 118:234-51
61. Gehrz RD, Ney EP, Becklin EE, Neugebauer G. 1973. Astrophys. Lett. 13:89-93
62. Ghosh SK, Iyengar KVK, Rengarajan TN, Tandon SN, Verma RP, Daniel RR. 1988. Ap. J. 330:928-36
63. Glatzel W, Kiriakidis M. 1993. MNRAS 263:375-84
64. Grabelsky DA, Cohen RS, Bronfman L, Thaddeus P. 1988. Ap. J. 331:181-96
65. Gratton L. 1963. In Star Evolution , ed. L Gratton, pp. 297-311. New York: Academic
66. Gustafsson B, Plez B. 1992. In Instabilities in Evolved Supergiants , ed. C de Jager, H Nieuwenhuijzen, pp. 86-90. Amsterdam: North-Holland
67. Hackwell JA, Gehrz RD, Grasdalen GL. 1986. Ap. J. 311:380-99
68. Hamann F, DePoy DL, Johansson S, Elias J. 1994. Ap. J. 422:626-41
69. Harvey PM, Hoffmann WF, Campbell MF. 1978. Astron. Astrophys. 70:165-68
70. Harvey PM, Hoffmann WF, Campbell MF. 1979. Ap. J. 227:114-20
71. Herbst W. 1976. Ap. J. 208:923-31
72. Herschel JFW. 1847. Results of Astronomical Observations Made During the Years 1834-1888 at the Cape of Good Hope, pp. 32-37. London: Smith Elder
73. Hester JJ, Light RM, Westphal JA, Currie DG, Groth EJ, et al. 1991. Astron. J. 102:654-57
74. Hillier DJ, Allen DA. 1992. Astron. Astrophys. 262:153-70
75. Hofmann K-H, Weigelt G. 1988. Astron. Astrophys. 203:L21-22
76. Humphreys RM. 1976. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 88:647-55
77. Humphreys RM. 1978. Ap. J. Suppl. 38:309-50
78. Humphreys RM, Davidson K. 1979. Ap. J. 232:409-20
79. Humphreys RM, Davidson K. 1984. Science 223:243-49
80. Humphreys RM, Davidson K. 1994. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 106:1025-51 (Note journal cover picture of the Homunculus)
81. Hyland AR, Robinson G, Mitchell RM, Thomas JA, Becklin EE. 1979. Ap. J. 233:145-53
82. Innes RTA. 1903. Cape Ann. 9:75B-78B
83. Johansson S. 1977. MNRAS 178:17P-20P
84. Johansson S, Davidson K, Ebbets D, Weigelt G, Balick B, et al. 1996. In Science with the Hubble Space Telescope, STSCI/ST-ECF Workshop , ed. P Benvenuti, FD Macchetto, EJ Schreier, pp. 361-62. Baltimore: Space Telescope Sci. Inst.
85. Johansson S, Hamman FW. 1993. Phys. Scr. T47:157-64
86. Johansson S, Wallerstein G, Gilroy KK, Joueizadeh A. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 300:521-24
87. Königl A. 1982. Ap. J. 261:115-34
88. Lamers HJGLM, de Groot. 1992. Astron. Astrophys. 257:153-62
89. Lamers HJGLM, Fitzpatrick E. 1988. Ap. J. 324:279-85
90. Lamers HJGLM, Noordhoek R. 1993. In Massive Stars: Their Lives in the Interstellar Medium, ASP Conf. Ser. 35, ed. JP Cassinelli, EB Churchwell, pp. 517-21. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
91. Lamers HJGLM, Pauldrach AWA. 1991. Astron. Astrophys. 244:L5-8
92. Leibowitz EM. 1977. MNRAS 178:271-77
93. Levato H, Malaroda S. 1981. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 93:714-18
94. Levato H, Malaroda S. 1982. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 94:807-10
95. Maeder A. 1992. In Instabilities in Evolved Supergiants, ed. C de Jager, H Nieuwenhuijzen, pp. 138-45. Amsterdam: North-Holland
96. Massey P, Johnson J. 1993. Ap. J 105:980-1001
97. McGregor PJ, Hyland AR, Hillier DJ. 1988. Astrophys. J. 324:1071-98
98. Meaburn J, Gehring G, Walsh JR, Palmer JW, López JA, et al. 1993a. Astron. Astrophys. 276:L21-24
99. Meaburn J, Walsh JR, Wolstencroft RD. 1993b. Astron. Astrophys. 268:283-93
100. Meaburn J, Wolstencroft RD, Walsh JR. 1987. Astron. Astrophys. 181:333-42
101. Megeath ST, Cox P, Bronfman L, Roelfsema PR. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 305:296-307
102. Men'shchikov AB, Tutukov AV, Shustov BM. 1989. Sov. Astron. 33:416-20 (Astron. Zh. 66:801-8. In Russ.)
103. Men'shchikov AB, Tutukov AV, Shustov BM. 1989. Sov. Astron. 33:416-20 (Astron. Zh. 66:801-8. In Russ.)
104. Meynet G, Maeder A, Schaller G, Schaerer D, Charbonnel C. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 103:97-105
105. Mitchell RM, Robinson G. 1978. Ap. J. 220:841-52
106. Mitchell RM, Robinson G. 1986. MNRAS 222:347-55
107. Mitchell RM, Robinson G, Hyland AR, Jones TJ. 1983. Ap. J. 271:133-42
108. Morrell N, Garcia B, Levato H. 1988. PASP 100:1431-35
109. Morse J. 1996a. Astronomy 24(9):25
110. Morse J. 1996b. Sky Telesc. 92(4):13
111. Niemela V, Morrell N, Feinstein A, eds. 1995. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis., Ser. Conf. 2. Mexico DF: Consejo Nacl. Ciencia y Technol.
112. Owocki SP, Cranmer SR, Blondin JM. 1994. Ap. J. 424:887-904
113. Pagel BEJ. 1969a. Nature 221:325-27
114. Pagel BEJ. 1969b. Astrophys. Lett. 4:221-24
115. Pauldrach AWA, Puls J. 1990. Astron. Astrophys. 237:409-24
116. Payne-Gaposchkin C. 1957. The Galactic Novae. Amsterdam: North-Holland (New York: Dover, 1962)
117. Penny LR, Gies DR, Hartkopf WI, Mason BD, Turner NH. 1993. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 105:588-94
118. Rigaut F, Gehring G. 1995. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. Ser. Conf. 2:27-35
119. Ringuelet AE. 1958. Z. f. Astrophys. 465:276-78
120. Robinson G, Mitchell RM, Aitken DK, Briggs GP Roche PF. 1987. MNRAS 227:535-42
121. Rodgers AW, Searle L. 1967. MNRAS 135:99-119
122. Ruiz MT, Melnick J, Ortiz P. 1984. Ap. J. 285:L19-21
123. Russell RW, Lynch DK, Hackwell JA, Rudy RJ, Rossano GS, Castelaz MW. 1987. Ap. J. 321:937-42
124. Schulte-Ladbeck RE, Clayton GC, Leitherer C, DrissenL, Robert C, et al. 1993. Space Sci. Rev. 66:193-98
125. Smith CH, Aitken DK, Moore TJT, Roche PF, Puetter RC, Piña RK. 1995. MNRAS 273:354-58
126. Smith RG. 1987. MNRAS 227:943-65
127. Soukup MS, Cox AN, Guzik JA, Morgan SM. 1994. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 26:907
128. Sterken C, de Groot MJH, van Genderen AM. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 116:9-14
129. Stothers R, Chin CW. 1993. Ap. J. 408:L85-88
130. Stothers R, Chin CW. 1994. Ap. J. 426:L43-46
131. Tapia M, Roth M, Marraco H, Ruiz MT. 1988. MNRAS 232:661-81
132. Thackeray AD. 1949. Observatory 69:31-33
133. Thackeray AD. 1956a. Observatory 76:103-5
134. Thackeray AD. 1956b. Observatory 76:154-55
135. Thackeray AD. 1961a. Observatory 81:99-104
136. Thackeray AD. 1961b. Observatory 81:102-4
137. Thackeray AD. 1962. MNRAS 124:251-62
138. Thackeray AD. 1967. MNRAS 135:51-81
139. Thé PS, Graafland F. 1995. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. Ser. Conf. 2:75-82
140. Thé PS, Takker R, Tjin A, Djie HRE. 1980. Astron. Astrophys. 89:209-13
141. van Genderen AM, de Groot MJH, Thé PS. 1993. Space Sci. Rev. 66:219-223
142. van Genderen AM, de Groot MJH, Thé PS. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 283:89-110
143. van Genderen AM, Sterken C, de Groot M, Stahl O, Andersen J, et al. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 304:415-30
144. van Genderen AM, Thé PS. 1984. Space Sci. Rev. 39:317-73
145. Viotti R. 1969. Astrophys. Space Sci. 5:323-32
146. Viotti R. 1995. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. Ser. Conf. 2:1-10
147. Viotti R, Rossi L, Cassatella A, Altmore A, Baratta GB. 1989. Ap. J. Suppl. 71:983-1009
148. Visvanathan N. 1967. MNRAS 135:275-86
149. Walborn NR. 1976. Ap. J. 204:L17-19
150. Walborn NR. 1982a. Ap. J. 254:L15-17
151. Walborn NR. 1982b. Astron. J. 87:1300-3
152. Walborn NR. 1995. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. Ser. Conf. 2:51-55
153. Walborn NR, Blanco B. 1988. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 100:797-800
154. Walborn NR, Blanco B, Thackeray AD. 1978. Ap. J. 219:498-503
155. Walborn NR, Liller M. 1977. Ap. J. 211:181-86
156. Warren-Smith RF, Scarrott SM, Murdin P, Bingham RG. 1979. MNRAS 187:761-68
157. Weigelt G, Albrecht R, Barbieri C, Blades JC, Boksenberg A, et al. 1995. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. Ser. Conf. 2:11-16
158. Weigelt G, Davidson K, Hofmann K-H. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. In press
159. Weigelt G, Ebersberger J. 1986. Astron. Astrophys. 163:L5-L6
160. Westphal JA, Neugebauer G. 1969. Ap. J. 156:L45-48
161. White SM, Duncan RA, Lim J, Nelson GJ, Drake SA, Kundu MR. 1994. Ap. J. 429:380-84
162. Whitelock PA, Feast MW, Koen C, Roberts G, Carter BS. 1994. MNRAS 270:364-72
163. Whiteoak JB. 1994. Ap. J. 429:225-32
164. Wolf R. 1863. MNRAS 23:208-10
165. Zanella R, Wolf B, Stahl O. 1984. Astron. Astrophys. 137:79-84