메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2009, Pages 1-8

Chronic constipation: Overview and challenges

Author keywords

Classification; Constipation; Epidemiology; Investigation; Physiology; Symptoms

Indexed keywords

ANORECTAL PRESSURE; CONSTIPATION; GOLD STANDARD; HUMAN; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 70350651429     PISSN: 13501925     EISSN: 13652982     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01399.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (90)

References (69)
  • 5
    • 26944437508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy: A population-based prospective study
    • Iacono G, Merolla R, D'Amico D et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy: a population-based prospective study. Dig Liver Dis 2005 37 : 432 438.
    • (2005) Dig Liver Dis , vol.37 , pp. 432-438
    • Iacono, G.1    Merolla, R.2    D'Amico, D.3
  • 6
    • 0032779341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of constipation (EPOC) study in the United States: Relation of clinical subtypes to sociodemographic features
    • Stewart WF, Liberman JN, Sandler RS et al. Epidemiology of constipation (EPOC) study in the United States: relation of clinical subtypes to sociodemographic features. Am J Gastroenterol 1999 94 : 3530 3540.
    • (1999) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.94 , pp. 3530-3540
    • Stewart, W.F.1    Liberman, J.N.2    Sandler, R.S.3
  • 7
    • 0024536954 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of constipation in the United States
    • Sonnenberg A, Koch TR. Epidemiology of constipation in the United States. Dis Colon Rectum 1989 32 : 1 8.
    • (1989) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.32 , pp. 1-8
    • Sonnenberg, A.1    Koch, T.R.2
  • 9
    • 63249113316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the literature on gender and age differences in the prevalence and characteristics of constipation in North America
    • McCrea GL, Miaskowski C, Stotts NA, Macera L, Varma MG. A review of the literature on gender and age differences in the prevalence and characteristics of constipation in North America. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008 37 : 737 745.
    • (2008) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.37 , pp. 737-745
    • McCrea, G.L.1    Miaskowski, C.2    Stotts, N.A.3    MacEra, L.4    Varma, M.G.5
  • 10
    • 50849137134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multinational survey of prevalence and patterns of laxative use among adults with self-defined constipation
    • Wald A, Scarpignato C, Mueller-Lissner S et al. A multinational survey of prevalence and patterns of laxative use among adults with self-defined constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008 28 : 917 930.
    • (2008) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.28 , pp. 917-930
    • Wald, A.1    Scarpignato, C.2    Mueller-Lissner, S.3
  • 11
    • 33646903339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological study of constipation and other gastrointestinal symptoms in 8000 children
    • Abis Study Group.
    • Ludvigsson JF, Abis Study Group. Epidemiological study of constipation and other gastrointestinal symptoms in 8000 children. Acta Paediatr 2006 95 : 573 580.
    • (2006) Acta Paediatr , vol.95 , pp. 573-580
    • Ludvigsson, J.F.1
  • 12
    • 58649100685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of digestive diseases in the United States part I: Overall and upper gastrointestinal diseases
    • Everhart JE, Ruhl CE. Burden of digestive diseases in the United States part I: overall and upper gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterology 2009 136 : 376 386.
    • (2009) Gastroenterology , vol.136 , pp. 376-386
    • Everhart, J.E.1    Ruhl, C.E.2
  • 13
    • 34250804722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of health care for irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, functional diarrhoea and functional abdominal pain
    • Nyrop KA, Palsson OS, Levy RL et al. Costs of health care for irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, functional diarrhoea and functional abdominal pain. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007 26 : 237 248.
    • (2007) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.26 , pp. 237-248
    • Nyrop, K.A.1    Palsson, O.S.2    Levy, R.L.3
  • 15
    • 58149528350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health utilization and cost impact of childhood constipation in the United States
    • Liem O, Harman J, Benninga M, Kelleher K, Mousa H, Di Lorenzo C. Health utilization and cost impact of childhood constipation in the United States. J Pediatr 2009 154 : 258 262.
    • (2009) J Pediatr , vol.154 , pp. 258-262
    • Liem, O.1    Harman, J.2    Benninga, M.3    Kelleher, K.4    Mousa, H.5    Di Lorenzo, C.6
  • 16
    • 0035179716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An epidemiological survey of constipation in Canada: Definitions, rates, demographics, and predictors of health care seeking
    • Pare P, Ferrazzi S, Thompson WG, Irvine EJ, Rance L. An epidemiological survey of constipation in Canada: definitions, rates, demographics, and predictors of health care seeking. Am J Gastroenterol 2001 96 : 3130 3137.
    • (2001) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.96 , pp. 3130-3137
    • Pare, P.1    Ferrazzi, S.2    Thompson, W.G.3    Irvine, E.J.4    Rance, L.5
  • 18
    • 22744432797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evidence-based approach to the management of chronic constipation in North America
    • American College of Gastroenterology Chronic Constipation Task Force.
    • American College of Gastroenterology Chronic Constipation Task Force. An evidence-based approach to the management of chronic constipation in North America. Am J Gastroenterol 2005 100 (Suppl. 1 S1 4.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 1-4
  • 19
    • 0034465039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AGA technical review on constipation. American Gastroenterological Association
    • Locke GR III., Pemberton JH, Phillips SF. AGA technical review on constipation. American Gastroenterological Association. Gastroenterology 2000 119 : 1766 1778.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.119 , pp. 1766-1778
    • Locke, III.G.R.1    Pemberton, J.H.2    Phillips, S.F.3
  • 20
    • 35348813332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constipation: Evaluation and treatment of colonic and anorectal motility disorders
    • Rao SS. Constipation: evaluation and treatment of colonic and anorectal motility disorders. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2007 36 : 687 711.
    • (2007) Gastroenterol Clin North Am , vol.36 , pp. 687-711
    • Rao, S.S.1
  • 21
    • 0023263470 scopus 로고
    • Bowel habits in young adults not seeking health care
    • Sandler RS, Drossman DA. Bowel habits in young adults not seeking health care. Dig Dis Sci 1987 32 : 841 845.
    • (1987) Dig Dis Sci , vol.32 , pp. 841-845
    • Sandler, R.S.1    Drossman, D.A.2
  • 26
    • 4344714029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If it is inert, why does it move?
    • Bassotti G. If it is inert, why does it move? Neurogastroenterol Motil 2004 16 : 395 396.
    • (2004) Neurogastroenterol Motil , vol.16 , pp. 395-396
    • Bassotti, G.1
  • 27
    • 0032979293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology of refractory chronic constipation
    • Mertz H, Naliboff B, Mayer E. Physiology of refractory chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 1999 94 : 609 615.
    • (1999) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.94 , pp. 609-615
    • Mertz, H.1    Naliboff, B.2    Mayer, E.3
  • 28
    • 0026002928 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and surgical treatment of severe chronic constipation
    • Pemberton JH, Rath DM, Istrup DM. Evaluation and surgical treatment of severe chronic constipation. Ann Surg 1991 214 : 403 413.
    • (1991) Ann Surg , vol.214 , pp. 403-413
    • Pemberton, J.H.1    Rath, D.M.2    Istrup, D.M.3
  • 31
    • 2942701962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tegaserod for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (Cochrane Review)
    • In. Issue 1. Chichester, UK. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    • Evans BW, Clark WK, Moore DJ, Whorwell PJ. Tegaserod for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (Cochrane Review). In : The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2004. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    • (2004) The Cochrane Library
    • Evans, B.W.1    Clark, W.K.2    Moore, D.J.3    Whorwell, P.J.4
  • 32
    • 58149103805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial: Lubiprostone in patients with constipation-associated irritable bowel syndrome - Results of two randomized, placebo-controlled studies
    • Drossman DA, Chey WD, Johanson JF et al. Clinical trial: lubiprostone in patients with constipation-associated irritable bowel syndrome - results of two randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009 29 : 329 341.
    • (2009) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.29 , pp. 329-341
    • Drossman, D.A.1    Chey, W.D.2    Johanson, J.F.3
  • 33
    • 40949131857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial: Phase 2 study of lubiprostone for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation
    • Johanson JF, Drossman DA, Panas R, Wahle A, Ueno R. Clinical trial: phase 2 study of lubiprostone for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008 27 : 685 696.
    • (2008) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.27 , pp. 685-696
    • Johanson, J.F.1    Drossman, D.A.2    Panas, R.3    Wahle, A.4    Ueno, R.5
  • 34
    • 37849024665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter, 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lubiprostone, a locally-acting type-2 chloride channel activator, in patients with chronic constipation
    • Johanson JF, Morton D, Geenen J, Ueno R. Multicenter, 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lubiprostone, a locally-acting type-2 chloride channel activator, in patients with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2008 103 : 170 177.
    • (2008) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.103 , pp. 170-177
    • Johanson, J.F.1    Morton, D.2    Geenen, J.3    Ueno, R.4
  • 35
    • 0034045580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal symptoms and subjects cluster into distinct upper and lower groupings in the community: A four nations study
    • Talley NJ, Holtmann G, Agreus L, Jones M. Gastrointestinal symptoms and subjects cluster into distinct upper and lower groupings in the community: a four nations study. Am J Gastroenterol 2000 95 : 1439 1447.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 1439-1447
    • Talley, N.J.1    Holtmann, G.2    Agreus, L.3    Jones, M.4
  • 36
    • 0032948268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptoms and physiology in severe chronic constipation
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00783.x, PII S0002927098006649
    • Mertz H, Naliboff B, Mayer EA. Symptoms and physiology in severe chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 1999 94 : 131 138. (Pubitemid 29063456)
    • (1999) American Journal of Gastroenterology , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 131-138
    • Mertz, H.1    Naliboff, B.2    Mayer, E.A.3
  • 37
    • 39049145632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional defecation disorder as a clinical subgroup of chronic constipation: Analysis of symptoms and physiological parameters
    • Eltringham MT, Khan U, Bain IM et al. Functional defecation disorder as a clinical subgroup of chronic constipation: analysis of symptoms and physiological parameters. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008 43 : 262 269.
    • (2008) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.43 , pp. 262-269
    • Eltringham, M.T.1    Khan, U.2    Bain, I.M.3
  • 38
    • 0033779031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear discriminant analysis of symptoms in patients with chronic constipation: Validation of a new scoring system (KESS)
    • Knowles CH, Eccersley AJ, Scott SM, Walker SM, Reeves B, Lunniss PJ. Linear discriminant analysis of symptoms in patients with chronic constipation: validation of a new scoring system (KESS). Dis Colon Rectum 2000 43 : 1419 1426.
    • (2000) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.43 , pp. 1419-1426
    • Knowles, C.H.1    Eccersley, A.J.2    Scott, S.M.3    Walker, S.M.4    Reeves, B.5    Lunniss, P.J.6
  • 39
    • 0028238185 scopus 로고
    • Discriminant value of psychological distress, symptom profiles, and segmental colonic dysfunction in outpatients with severe idiopathic constipation
    • Grotz RL, Pemberton JH, Talley NJ, Rath DM, Zinsmeister AR. Discriminant value of psychological distress, symptom profiles, and segmental colonic dysfunction in outpatients with severe idiopathic constipation. Gut 1994 35 : 798 802.
    • (1994) Gut , vol.35 , pp. 798-802
    • Grotz, R.L.1    Pemberton, J.H.2    Talley, N.J.3    Rath, D.M.4    Zinsmeister, A.R.5
  • 40
    • 0029953551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A constipation scoring system to simplify evaluation and management of constipated patients
    • Agachan F, Chen T, Pfeifer J, Reissman P, Wexner SD. A constipation scoring system to simplify evaluation and management of constipated patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1996 39 : 681 685.
    • (1996) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.39 , pp. 681-685
    • Agachan, F.1    Chen, T.2    Pfeifer, J.3    Reissman, P.4    Wexner, S.D.5
  • 41
    • 8144225097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the utility of colorectal function tests and Rome II criteria in dyssynergic defecation (Anismus)
    • Rao SS, Mudipalli RS, Stessman M, Zimmerman B. Investigation of the utility of colorectal function tests and Rome II criteria in dyssynergic defecation (Anismus). Neurogastroenterol Motil 2004 16 : 589 596.
    • (2004) Neurogastroenterol Motil , vol.16 , pp. 589-596
    • Rao, S.S.1    Mudipalli, R.S.2    Stessman, M.3    Zimmerman, B.4
  • 42
    • 0032463813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstructed defecation: A failure of rectoanal coordination
    • Rao SS, Welcher KD, Leistikow BS. Obstructed defecation: a failure of rectoanal coordination. Am J Gastroenterol 1998 93 : 1042 1050.
    • (1998) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.93 , pp. 1042-1050
    • Rao, S.S.1    Welcher, K.D.2    Leistikow, B.S.3
  • 43
    • 0030044468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is constipation a disorder of defecation or impaired motility?
    • Karasick S, Ehrlich SM. Is constipation a disorder of defecation or impaired motility? Am J Roentgenol 1996 166 : 63 6.
    • (1996) Am J Roentgenol , vol.166 , pp. 63-6
    • Karasick, S.1    Ehrlich, S.M.2
  • 44
    • 0027050311 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the characteristics of stimulated defaecation in severe idiopathic constipation
    • Kamm MA, van der Sijp JRM, Lennard-Jones JE. Observations on the characteristics of stimulated defaecation in severe idiopathic constipation. Int J Colorect Dis 1992 7 : 197 201.
    • (1992) Int J Colorect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 197-201
    • Kamm, M.A.1    Van Der Sijp, J.R.M.2    Lennard-Jones, J.E.3
  • 45
    • 0034078379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal organization of pressure patterns throughout the unprepared colon during spontaneous defecation
    • Bampton PA, Dinning PG, Kennedy ML, Lubowski DZ, deCarle DJ, Cook IJ. Spatial and temporal organization of pressure patterns throughout the unprepared colon during spontaneous defecation. Am J Gastroenterol 2000 95 : 1027 1035.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 1027-1035
    • Bampton, P.A.1    Dinning, P.G.2    Kennedy, M.L.3    Lubowski, D.Z.4    Decarle, D.J.5    Cook, I.J.6
  • 47
    • 0029037424 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between defecographic findings, rectal emptying and colonic transit time in constipated patients
    • Karlbom U, Pahlman L, Nilsson S, Graf W. Relationship between defecographic findings, rectal emptying and colonic transit time in constipated patients. Gut 1995 36 : 907 912.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 907-912
    • Karlbom, U.1    Pahlman, L.2    Nilsson, S.3    Graf, W.4
  • 50
    • 0022475754 scopus 로고
    • Colonic transit and anorectal manometry in chronic idiopathic constipation
    • Wald A. Colonic transit and anorectal manometry in chronic idiopathic constipation. Arch Intern Med 1986 146 : 1713 1716.
    • (1986) Arch Intern Med , vol.146 , pp. 1713-1716
    • Wald, A.1
  • 51
    • 0024309570 scopus 로고
    • Determination of total and segmental colonic transit time in constipated patients - Results in 91 patients with a new simplified method
    • Chaussade S, Khyari A, Roche H et al. Determination of total and segmental colonic transit time in constipated patients - results in 91 patients with a new simplified method. Dig Dis Sci 1989 34 : 1168 1172.
    • (1989) Dig Dis Sci , vol.34 , pp. 1168-1172
    • Chaussade, S.1    Khyari, A.2    Roche, H.3
  • 52
    • 0033512976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of colectomy for slow transit constipation
    • Knowles CH, Scott M, Lunniss PJ. Outcome of colectomy for slow transit constipation. Ann Surg 1999 230 : 627 638.
    • (1999) Ann Surg , vol.230 , pp. 627-638
    • Knowles, C.H.1    Scott, M.2    Lunniss, P.J.3
  • 53
    • 0023692934 scopus 로고
    • Outcome of colectomy for severe idiopathic constipation
    • Kamm MA, Hawley PR, Lennard-Jones JE. Outcome of colectomy for severe idiopathic constipation. Gut 1988 29 : 969 973.
    • (1988) Gut , vol.29 , pp. 969-973
    • Kamm, M.A.1    Hawley, P.R.2    Lennard-Jones, J.E.3
  • 54
    • 0026077127 scopus 로고
    • Colectomy for constipation: Physiologic investigation is the key to success
    • Wexner SD, Daniel N, Jagelman DG. Colectomy for constipation: physiologic investigation is the key to success. Dis Colon Rectum 1991 34 : 851 856.
    • (1991) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.34 , pp. 851-856
    • Wexner, S.D.1    Daniel, N.2    Jagelman, D.G.3
  • 55
    • 0029049097 scopus 로고
    • Colectomy as treatment for constipation in selected patients
    • Piccirillo MF, Reissman P, Wexner SD. Colectomy as treatment for constipation in selected patients. Br J Surg 1995 82 : 898 901.
    • (1995) Br J Surg , vol.82 , pp. 898-901
    • Piccirillo, M.F.1    Reissman, P.2    Wexner, S.D.3
  • 56
    • 0034900023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antegrade continence enemas in the treatment of slow-transit constipation
    • Marshall J, Hutson JM, Anticich N, Stanton MP. Antegrade continence enemas in the treatment of slow-transit constipation. J Pediatr Surg 2001 36 : 1227 1230.
    • (2001) J Pediatr Surg , vol.36 , pp. 1227-1230
    • Marshall, J.1    Hutson, J.M.2    Anticich, N.3    Stanton, M.P.4
  • 57
    • 0031020778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How useful are manometric tests of anorectal function in the management of defecation disorders?
    • Rao SS, Patel RS. How useful are manometric tests of anorectal function in the management of defecation disorders?. Am J Gastroenterol 1997 92 : 469 475.
    • (1997) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.92 , pp. 469-475
    • Rao, S.S.1    Patel, R.S.2
  • 58
    • 0034039065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective assessment of the clinical value of anorectal investigations
    • Vaizey CJ, Kamm MA. Prospective assessment of the clinical value of anorectal investigations. Digestion 2000 61 : 207 214.
    • (2000) Digestion , vol.61 , pp. 207-214
    • Vaizey, C.J.1    Kamm, M.A.2
  • 59
    • 0026561861 scopus 로고
    • Prospective assessment of biofeedback for the treatment of paradoxical puborectalis contraction
    • Wexner SD, Cheape JD, Jorge JMN, Heymen S, Jagelman DG. Prospective assessment of biofeedback for the treatment of paradoxical puborectalis contraction. Dis Col Rectum 1992 35 : 145 150.
    • (1992) Dis Col Rectum , vol.35 , pp. 145-150
    • Wexner, S.D.1    Cheape, J.D.2    Jorge, J.M.N.3    Heymen, S.4    Jagelman, D.G.5
  • 60
    • 22344452215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofeedback benefits only patients with outlet dysfunction, not patients with isolated slow transit constipation
    • Chiarioni G, Salandini L, Whitehead WE. Biofeedback benefits only patients with outlet dysfunction, not patients with isolated slow transit constipation. Gastroenterology 2005 129 : 86 97.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.129 , pp. 86-97
    • Chiarioni, G.1    Salandini, L.2    Whitehead, W.E.3
  • 61
    • 33947142919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of biofeedback, sham feedback, and standard therapy for dyssynergic defecation
    • Rao SSC, Seaton K, Miller M et al. Randomized controlled trial of biofeedback, sham feedback, and standard therapy for dyssynergic defecation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007 5 : 331 338.
    • (2007) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.5 , pp. 331-338
    • Rao, S.S.C.1    Seaton, K.2    Miller, M.3
  • 63
    • 34247844395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, controlled trial shows biofeedback to be superior to alternative treatments for patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia-type constipation
    • Heymen S, Scarlett Y, Jones K, Ringel Y, Drossman D, Whitehead WE. Randomized, controlled trial shows biofeedback to be superior to alternative treatments for patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia-type constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 2007 50 : 428 441.
    • (2007) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.50 , pp. 428-441
    • Heymen, S.1    Scarlett, Y.2    Jones, K.3    Ringel, Y.4    Drossman, D.5    Whitehead, W.E.6
  • 65
    • 0031454873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of biofeedback therapy on anorectal function in obstructive defecation
    • Rao SS, Welcher KD, Pelsang RE. Effects of biofeedback therapy on anorectal function in obstructive defecation. Dig Dis Sci 1997 42 : 2197 2205.
    • (1997) Dig Dis Sci , vol.42 , pp. 2197-2205
    • Rao, S.S.1    Welcher, K.D.2    Pelsang, R.E.3
  • 66
    • 0036209299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outlet obstruction due to anismus and rectal hyposensation: Effect of biofeedback training
    • Peticca L, Pescatori M. Outlet obstruction due to anismus and rectal hyposensation: effect of biofeedback training. Colorectal Dis 2002 4 : 67.
    • (2002) Colorectal Dis , vol.4 , pp. 67
    • Peticca, L.1    Pescatori, M.2
  • 67
    • 22744440933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility of diagnostic tests for constipation in adults: A systematic review
    • Rao SS, Ozturk R, Laine L. Clinical utility of diagnostic tests for constipation in adults: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2005 100 : 1605 1615.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , pp. 1605-1615
    • Rao, S.S.1    Ozturk, R.2    Laine, L.3
  • 68
    • 0027960517 scopus 로고
    • Defecography. Results of investigations in 2,816 patients
    • Mellgren A, Bremmer S, Johansson C et al. Defecography. Results of investigations in 2,816 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1994 37 : 1133 1141.
    • (1994) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.37 , pp. 1133-1141
    • Mellgren, A.1    Bremmer, S.2    Johansson, C.3
  • 69
    • 34248643751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective evaluation of occult disorders in obstructed defecation using the 'iceberg diagram'
    • Pescatori M, Spyrou M, Pulvirenti d'Urso A. A prospective evaluation of occult disorders in obstructed defecation using the 'iceberg diagram'. Colorectal Dis 2007 9 : 452 456.
    • (2007) Colorectal Dis , vol.9 , pp. 452-456
    • Pescatori, M.1    Spyrou, M.2    Pulvirenti D'Urso, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.