Impact of LED nonlinearity on discrete multitone modulation

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking

Volumn 1, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 439-451

  Inan, Beril ^a   Lee, S C Jeffrey ^a   Randel, Sebastian ^b   Neokosmidis, Ioannis ^c   Koonen, Antonius M J ^a   Walewski, Joachim W ^b  

^a EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^b SIEMENS AG   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

Author keywords

Discrete multitone modulation; Light emitting diode; Nonlinear distortion; Optical communication; Optical wireless communications; Orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing

Indexed keywords

BIT ERROR RATIOS; DISCRETE MULTITONE MODULATION; DRIVING CURRENT; ERROR-FREE DATA; LASER DIODES; LIMITED BANDWIDTH; LINK PERFORMANCE; NON-LINEARITY; NUMERICAL SIMULATION; OPTICAL POWER; OPTICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS; ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY-DOMAIN MULTIPLEXING; SUB-CARRIERS; TRANSMITTED SIGNAL;

COMMUNICATION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; COMPUTER SYSTEM RECOVERY; CURRENT DENSITY; DIODES; DISTORTION (WAVES); FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS; LIGHT EMISSION; LIGHT EMITTING DIODES; MODULATION; MULTIPLEXING; NONLINEAR DISTORTION; PHOTONICS; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO; TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS;

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION;

EID: 70350574757     PISSN: 19430620     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.1.000439     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. F. G. Gfeller and U. Bapst, "Wireless in-house data communication via diffuse infrared radiation," Proc. IEEE, vol.67, no.11, pp. 1474-1486, 1979.
2. "Infrared Data Association (IrDA)," http://www.irda.org.
3. G. Fettweis, R. Irmer, P. Zillmann, U. Barth, E. Kühn, K. Strohm, R. Kraemer, E. Grass, G. Tränkle, U. Trautwein, W. Wirnitzer, A. Kaufmann, L. Schwoerer, H.-J. Reumerman, M. Weckerle, E. Schulz, P. Egner, and G. Hiertz, "System concept for 1 Gbit/s and beyond,"ieee802.org/802-tutorials/ nov05/ Fettweis-WIGWAM-IEEE-Tutorial-Nov-2005-final.pdf, Nov. 2005.
4. S. C. J. Lee, J. W. Walewski, S. Randel, F. Breyer, H. P. A. van den Boom, and A. M. J. Koonen, "Discrete multitone for novel application areas of optical communications," in 2008 Dig. IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, Acapulco, Mexico, July 21-23, 2008, pp. 163-164.
5. R. Narasimhan, M. D. Audeh, and J. Kahn, "Effect of electronic-ballast fluorescent lighting on wireless infrared links," in IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, 1996. ICC 96, Conf. Rec., Converging Technologies for Tomorrow's Applications, Dallas, TX, June 23-27, 1996, vol.2, pp. 1213-1219.
6. D. O'Brien, L. Zeng, H. Le-Minh, G. Faulkner, S. Randel, J. Walewski, J. Borges, K. Langer, J. Grubor, K. Lee, and E. Won, "Visible-light communications," in Short-Range Wireless Communications: Emerging Technologies and Applications. R. Kraemer and M. Katz, eds. New York, NY: Wiley, 2009.
7. O. Bouchet, M. Tabach, M. Wolf, D. O'Brien, G. Faulkner, J. Walewski, S. Randel, M. Franke, S. Nerreter, K. Langer, J. Grubor, and T. Kamalakis, "Hybrid wireless optics (HWO): building the next-generation home network," in 6th Int. Symp. on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, 2008. CNSDSP 2008, Gratz, Austria, July 25-25, 2008, pp. 283-287.
8. E. T. Won, "Request for a VLC interest group," presented at 51st Meeting of the IEEE 802.15 Working Group, Atlanta, GA, Nov. 11-16, 2007, https://mentor.ieee.org/802.15/file/07/15-07-0911-00-wng0-request-vlc-interest- group.ppt.
9. K. D. Langer, J. Vucic, C. Kottke, L. F. Rosal, S. Nerreter, and J. W. Walewski, "Advances and prospects in high-speed information broadcast using phosphorescent white-light LEDs," in 11th Int. Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks, 2009. ICTON '09, Azores, Portugal, June 28-July 2, 2009, pp. 1-6.
10. J. Grubor, K. Langer, J. Walewski, and S. Randel, "High-speed wireless indoor communication via visible light," ITG Fachbericht, vol.198, pp. 203-208, 2007.
11. P. Golden, H. Dedieu, and K. S. Jacobsen, eds., Implementation and Applications of DSL Technology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2007.
12. J. Armstrong and B. Schmidt, "Comparison of asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM and DC-biased optical OFDM in AWGN," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol.12, no.5, pp. 343-345, 2008.
13. J. H. van Vleck and D. Middleton, "The spectrum of clipped noise," Proc. IEEE, vol.54, no.1, pp. 2-19, 1966.
14. D. J. G. Mestdagh, P. Spruyt, and B. Biran, "Analysis of clipping effect in DMT-based ADSL systems," in IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, 1994. ICC '94, SUPERCOMM/ICC '94, Conf. Rec., "Serving Humanity Through Communications", New Orleans, LA, May 1-5, 1994, vol.1, pp. 293-300, 1994.
15. T. P. Lee, "The nonlinearity of double-heterostructure LED's for optical communications," Proc. IEEE, vol.65, no.9, pp. 1408-1410, 1977.
16. Y. Tang, W. Shieh, X. Yi, and R. Evans, "Optimum design for RF-to-optical up-converter in coherent optical OFDM systems," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.19, no.7, pp. 483-485, 2007. (Pubitemid 46534605)
17. A. Chorti and M. Brookes, "On the effects of memoryless nonlinearities on M-QAM and DQPSK OFDM signals," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.54, no.8, pp. 3301-3315, 2006.
18. C.-L. Liu, "The effect on nonlinearity on a QPSK-OFDM-QAM signal," IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., vol.43, no.3, pp. 443-447, 1997.
19. J. E. Mazo and N. F. Frigo, "On a method for calculating the strength of intermodulation distortion and products," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.42, nos. 2/3/4, pp. 1475-1477, 1994.
20. I. Neokosmidis, T. Kamalakis, J. W. Walewski, B. Inan, and T. Sphicopoulos, "Impact of nonlinear LED transfer function on discrete multi-tone modulation: analytical approach," J. Lightwave Technol., to be published.
21. B. Inan, S. C. J. Lee, S. Randel, I. Neokosmidis, A. M. J. Koonen, and J. W. Walewski, "The impact of LED transfer function nonlinearity on high-speed optical wireless communications based on discrete-multitone modulation," in Nat. Fiber Optic Engineers Conf., San Diego, CA, OSA Technical Digest (CD), Washington, DC: Optical Society of America, March 22, 2009, paper JThA52.
22. S. Lee, F. Breyer, S. Randel, O. Ziemann, H. van den Boom, and A. Koonen, "Low-cost and robust 1-Gbit/s plastic optical fiber link based on light-emitting diode technology," in Optical Fiber Communication Conf. and Expo. and The Nat. Fiber Optic Engineers Conf., San Diego, California, OSA Technical Digest (CD), Washington, DC: Optical Society of America, Feb. 24, 2008, paper OWB3.
23. J. M. Tang and K. Shore, "Maximizing the transmission performance of adaptively modulated optical OFDM signals in multimode-fiber links by optimizing analog-to-digital converters," J. Lightwave Technol., vol.25, no.3, pp. 787-798, 2007. (Pubitemid 46585276)
24. S. C. J. Lee, F. Breyer, S. Randel, H. P. A. van den Boom, and A. M. J. Koonen, "High-speed transmission over multimode fiber using discrete multitone modulation," J. Opt. Netw., vol.7, no.2, pp. 183-196, 2008.
25. C. Tellambura, "Computation of the continuous-time PAR of an OFDM signal with BPSK subcarriers," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol.5, no.5, pp. 185-187, 2001. (Pubitemid 32498584)
26. J. Grubor, J. Lee, K. D. Langer, A. M. J. Koonen, and J. W. Walewski, "Wireless high-speed data transmission with phosphorescent white-light LEDs," in 33rd European Conf. and Exhibition on Optical Communication, Berlin, Germany, Sept. 16-20, 2007, postdeadline paper no. PD3.6.
27. J. W. Walewski is preparing a manuscript to be called "Inference of nonlinear transfer function calibration curves by use of orthogonal polynomials."
28. J. Kragten, "Least-squares polynomial curve-fitting for calibration purposes (statcal-calibra)," Anal. Chim. Acta, vol.241, pp. 1-13, 1990.
29. T. Mizuochi, Y. Miyata, T. Koayashi, K. Ouchi, K. Kuno, K. Kubo, K. Shimizu, H. Tagami, H. Yoshida, H. Fujita, M. Akita, and K. Motshima, "Forward error correction based on block turbo code with 3-bit soft decision for 10-gb/s optic communication systems," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol.10, no.2, pp. 376-386, 2004.
30. Agilent Technologies, "8 hints for making and interpreting EVM measurements," Application Note, 2005, http:// cp.literature.agilent.com/ litweb/pdf/5989-3144EN.pdf.
31. R. Lyons, Understanding Digital Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004.
32. B. Le, T. W. Rondeau, J. H. Reed, and C. W. Bostian, "Analogto- digital converters," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol.22, no.6, pp. 69-77, 2005.
33. The MathWorks, "The BERTool environment," 2009, http:// www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/comm/ index.html?/access/ helpdesk/help/toolbox/comm/ug/ a1058558627b1.html.
34. C. J. Henderson, B. Robertson, D. G. Leyva, T. D. Wilkinson, D. C. O'Brien, and G. E. Faulkner, "Control of a free-space adaptive optical interconnect using a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator for beam steering," Opt. Eng., vol.44, no.7, p. 075401, 2005.
35. R. Ramirez-Iniguez, S. Idrus, and Z. Sun, Optical Wireless Communications-IR for Wireless Connectivity, 1st ed. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach, 2008, vol.6.