메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 917-931

Lipid-lowering therapy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in the elderly: Opportunities and challenges

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; CIMETIDINE; CYCLOSPORIN A; CYTOCHROME P450 2C9; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4; DANAZOL; DICLOFENAC; DIGOXIN; EZETIMIBE PLUS SIMVASTATIN; FLUINDOSTATIN; GEMFIBROZIL; GLIBENCLAMIDE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MEVINOLIN; NICOTINIC ACID; OMEPRAZOLE; PHENYTOIN; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; RANITIDINE; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; VERAPAMIL; WARFARIN;

EID: 70350512611     PISSN: 1170229X     EISSN: 11791969     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/11318270-000000000-00000     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (16)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 60449094498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2009 update: A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
    • Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2009; 119: 480-486
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 480-486
    • Lloyd-Jones, D.1    Adams, R.2    Carnethon, M.3
  • 2
    • 27544508598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing chronic diseases: How many lives can we save?
    • Strong K, Mathers C, Leeder S, et al. Preventing chronic diseases: how many lives can we save? Lancet 2005; 366: 1578-1582
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1578-1582
    • Strong, K.1    Mathers, C.2    Leeder, S.3
  • 3
    • 27844562639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based study of event-rate, incidence, case fatality, and mortality for all acute vascular events in all arterial territories (Oxford Vascular Study)
    • Rothwell P, Coull A, Silver L, et al. Population-based study of event-rate, incidence, case fatality, and mortality for all acute vascular events in all arterial territories (Oxford Vascular Study). Lancet 2005; 366: 1773-1783
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1773-1783
    • Rothwell, P.1    Coull, A.2    Silver, L.3
  • 6
    • 29644445920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frailty, heart disease, and stroke: The compression of morbidity paradigm
    • Fries JF. Frailty, heart disease, and stroke: the compression of morbidity paradigm. Am J Prev Med 2005; 29 (5 Suppl. 1): 164-168
    • (2005) Am J Prev Med , vol.29 , Issue.5 SUPPL. 1 , pp. 164-168
    • Fries, J.F.1
  • 7
    • 33846857559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2007 update: A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
    • Rosamond W, Flegal K, Friday G, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2007 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2006; 115: e69-171
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.115
    • Rosamond, W.1    Flegal, K.2    Friday, G.3
  • 8
    • 0027987849 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-1389
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1383-1389
  • 9
    • 0032487931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels
    • The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group
    • The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1349-1357
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1349-1357
  • 10
    • 33645469743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconsidering medication appropriateness for patients late in life
    • Holmes HM, Hayley DC, Alexander GC, et al. Reconsidering medication appropriateness for patients late in life. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 605-609
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.166 , pp. 605-609
    • Holmes, H.M.1    Hayley, D.C.2    Alexander, G.C.3
  • 11
    • 33846623767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it time for a cardiovascular primary prevention trial in the elderly?
    • Robinson JG, Bakris G, Torner J, et al. Is it time for a cardiovascular primary prevention trial in the elderly? Stroke 2007; 38: 441-450
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 441-450
    • Robinson, J.G.1    Bakris, G.2    Torner, J.3
  • 12
    • 0025316371 scopus 로고
    • Hypercholesterolemia in the elderly
    • Denke M, Grundy S. Hypercholesterolemia in the elderly. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 780-792
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , pp. 780-792
    • Denke, M.1    Grundy, S.2
  • 13
    • 0037143688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/ AHA/NHLBI clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins
    • Pasternak RC, Smith Jr SC, Bairey-Merz CN, et al. ACC/ AHA/NHLBI clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins. Circulation 2002; 106: 1024-1028
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 1024-1028
    • Pasternak, R.C.1    Smith Jr., S.C.2    Bairey-Merz, C.N.3
  • 14
    • 0028354071 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of intracoronary ultrasound plaque characteristics in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease patients with clinical variables
    • Rasheed Q, Nair R, Sheehan H, et al. Correlation of intracoronary ultrasound plaque characteristics in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease patients with clinical variables. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73: 753-758
    • (1994) Am J Cardiol , vol.73 , pp. 753-758
    • Rasheed, Q.1    Nair, R.2    Sheehan, H.3
  • 15
    • 4344606620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systolic hypertension in older persons
    • Chaudhry SI, Krumholz HM, Foody JM. Systolic hypertension in older persons. JAMA 2004; 292: 1074-1080
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 1074-1080
    • Chaudhry, S.I.1    Krumholz, H.M.2    Foody, J.M.3
  • 16
    • 20444398494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and cellular basis of cardiovascular gender differences
    • Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH. Molecular and cellular basis of cardiovascular gender differences. Science 2005; 308: 1583-1587
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , pp. 1583-1587
    • Mendelsohn, M.E.1    Karas, R.H.2
  • 17
    • 0032949445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gains in life expectancy after elimination of major causes of death: Revised estimates taking into account the effect of competing causes
    • Mackenbach JP, Kunst AE, Lautenbach H, et al. Gains in life expectancy after elimination of major causes of death: revised estimates taking into account the effect of competing causes. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999; 53: 32-37
    • (1999) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.53 , pp. 32-37
    • MacKenbach, J.P.1    Kunst, A.E.2    Lautenbach, H.3
  • 18
    • 4544353695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease in the elderly: Ameta-analysis
    • Anum EA, Adera T. Hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease in the elderly: ameta-analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2004; 14: 705-721
    • (2004) Ann Epidemiol , vol.14 , pp. 705-721
    • Anum, E.A.1    Adera, T.2
  • 19
    • 6944229737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between lipid levels and the risks of incident myocardial infarction, stroke, and total mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Psaty BM, AndersonM,Kronmal RA, et al. The association between lipid levels and the risks of incident myocardial infarction, stroke, and total mortality: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52: 1639-1647
    • (2004) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.52 , pp. 1639-1647
    • Psaty, B.M.1    Andersonmkronmal, R.A.2
  • 20
    • 34848890711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in a pooled prospective study
    • Sturgeon JD, Folsom AR, Longstreth WT, et al. Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in a pooled prospective study. Stroke 2007; 38: 2718-2725
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 2718-2725
    • Sturgeon, J.D.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Longstreth, W.T.3
  • 21
    • 26244432388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy: And safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: Prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins
    • Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT)Collaborators
    • Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005; 366: 1267-1278
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1267-1278
  • 22
    • 0028883828 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia
    • Shepherd J, Cobbe S, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1301-1307
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1301-1307
    • Shepherd, J.1    Cobbe, S.2    Ford, I.3
  • 23
    • 0032572086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: Results of AFCAPS/Tex CAPS
    • Downs J, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/Tex CAPS. JAMA 1998; 279: 1615-1622
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1615-1622
    • Downs, J.1    Clearfield, M.2    Weis, S.3
  • 24
    • 0037164314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): A randomised controlled trial
    • Shepherd J, Blauw G, Murphy M, et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1623-1630
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1623-1630
    • Shepherd, J.1    Blauw, G.2    Murphy, M.3
  • 25
    • 0037132607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin versus usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT)
    • The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group
    • The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin versus usual care: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2998-3007
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2998-3007
  • 26
    • 0037420492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial - Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): A multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12948-0
    • Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial - Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1149-1158 (Pubitemid 36398384)
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , Issue.9364 , pp. 1149-1158
    • Sever, P.S.1    Dahlof, B.2    Poulter, N.R.3    Wedel, H.4    Beevers, G.5    Caulfield, M.6    Collins, R.7    Kjeldsen, S.E.8    Kristinsson, A.9    McInnes, G.T.10    Mehlsen, J.11    Nieminen, M.12    O'Brien, E.13    Ostergren, J.14
  • 27
    • 33748952489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA Study): A prospective randomised controlled trial
    • Nakamura H, Arakawa K, Itakura H, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA Study): a prospective randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 368: 1155-1163
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 1155-1163
    • Nakamura, H.1    Arakawa, K.2    Itakura, H.3
  • 28
    • 56749106312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein
    • Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FAH, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 2195-2207
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 2195-2207
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Danielson, E.2    Fonseca, F.A.H.3
  • 29
    • 0037126526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report
    • National Cholesterol Education Panel
    • National Cholesterol Education Panel. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143-3221
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 3143-3221
  • 30
    • 0037031061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 7-22
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 7-22
  • 31
    • 27644544308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleiotropic effects of statins: Benefit beyond cholesterol reduction? A meta-regression analysis
    • Robinson JG, Smith B, Maheshwari N, et al. Pleiotropic effects of statins: benefit beyond cholesterol reduction? A meta-regression analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 1855-1862
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.46 , pp. 1855-1862
    • Robinson, J.G.1    Smith, B.2    Maheshwari, N.3
  • 33
    • 28044452217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): Randomised controlled trial
    • The FIELD Study Investigators
    • The FIELD Study Investigators. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1849-1861
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1849-1861
  • 34
    • 0021350001 scopus 로고
    • The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results: I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease
    • Lipid Research Clinics
    • Lipid Research Clinics. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results: I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA 1984; 251: 351-364
    • (1984) JAMA , vol.251 , pp. 351-364
  • 35
    • 0031901447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of dementia and Alzheimer's disease
    • Hendrie HC. Epidemiology of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1998; 6: S3-18
    • (1998) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.6
    • Hendrie, H.C.1
  • 36
    • 36249023276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime risk of stroke and dementia: Current concepts, and estimates from the Framingham study
    • Seshadri S, Wolf P. Lifetime risk of stroke and dementia: current concepts, and estimates from the Framingham study. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6 (12): 1106-1114
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , Issue.12 , pp. 1106-1114
    • Seshadri, S.1    Wolf, P.2
  • 37
    • 19544381765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in aging: United States and worldwide
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in aging: United States and worldwide. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2003; 52: 101-106
    • (2003) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.52 , pp. 101-106
  • 38
    • 84872357646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from URL:[Accessed 2007 Apr 24]
    • Alzheimer Association. Alzheimer's disease facts and figures [online]. Available from URL: http://www.alz.org/national/ documents/report- alzfactsfigures2007.pdf [Accessed 2007 Apr 24]
    • Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures [Online]
  • 39
    • 1242329779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and prevalence of dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Fitzpatrick AL, Kuller LH, Ives DG, et al. Incidence and prevalence of dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52: 195-204
    • (2004) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.52 , pp. 195-204
    • Fitzpatrick, A.L.1    Kuller, L.H.2    Ives, D.G.3
  • 40
    • 33748352752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards
    • Hachinski V, Iadecola C, Petersen RC, et al. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards. Stroke 2006; 37: 2220-2241
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 2220-2241
    • Hachinski, V.1    Iadecola, C.2    Petersen, R.C.3
  • 41
    • 62449166265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The puzzle of predicting the impact of brain infarcts on cognitive impairment in the aging brain
    • Baune BT. The puzzle of predicting the impact of brain infarcts on cognitive impairment in the aging brain. Stroke 2009; 40: 667-669
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , pp. 667-669
    • Baune, B.T.1
  • 42
    • 36249017462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking brain food
    • Rosenberg IH. Rethinking brain food. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86: 1259-1260
    • (2007) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.86 , pp. 1259-1260
    • Rosenberg, I.H.1
  • 43
    • 36549086911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dementia screening in primary care: Is it time?
    • Brayne C, Fox C, Boustani M. Dementia screening in primary care: is it time? JAMA 2007; 298: 2409-2411
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 2409-2411
    • Brayne, C.1    Fox, C.2    Boustani, M.3
  • 44
    • 34547860418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-lowering drugs and Alzheimer's disease
    • Eckert G, Muller W, Wood W. Cholesterol-lowering drugs and Alzheimer's disease. Future Lipidol 2007; 2: 423-432
    • (2007) Future Lipidol , vol.2 , pp. 423-432
    • Eckert, G.1    Muller, W.2    Wood, W.3
  • 45
    • 41149132355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin reduces the association of NMDA receptors to lipid rafts: A cholesterol-mediated effect in neuroprotection
    • Ponce J, de La Ossa NP, Hurtado O, et al. Simvastatin reduces the association of NMDA receptors to lipid rafts: a cholesterol-mediated effect in neuroprotection. Stroke 2008; 39: 1269-1275
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , pp. 1269-1275
    • Ponce, J.1    De La Ossa, N.P.2    Hurtado, O.3
  • 46
    • 33644662738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxymethylglutaryl- CoA reductase inhibitors in older persons with acute myocardial infarction: Evidence for an age-statin interaction
    • Foody JM, Rathore SS, Galusha D, et al. Hydroxymethylglutaryl- CoA reductase inhibitors in older persons with acute myocardial infarction: evidence for an age-statin interaction. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006; 54: 421-430
    • (2006) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.54 , pp. 421-430
    • Foody, J.M.1    Rathore, S.S.2    Galusha, D.3
  • 47
    • 0036147373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of new coronary events in older persons with prior myocardial infarction and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥125 mg/dl treated with statins versus no lipid-lowering drug
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9149(01)02167-1, PII S0002914901021671
    • Aronow WS, Ahn C. Incidence of new coronary events in older persons with prior myocardial infarction and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol =125 mg/dL treated with statins versus no lipid-lowering drug. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89: 67-69 (Pubitemid 34066591)
    • (2002) American Journal of Cardiology , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-69
    • Aronow, W.S.1    Ahn, C.2
  • 48
    • 0036236385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of new atherothrombotic brain infarction in older persons with prior myocardial infarction and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 125 mg/dl treated with statins versus no lipid-lowering drug
    • Aronow WS, Ahn C, Gutstein H. Incidence of new atherothrombotic brain infarction in older persons with prior myocardial infarction and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol =125 mg/dL treated with statins versus no lipid-lowering drug. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002; 57: M333-5 (Pubitemid 34464975)
    • (2002) Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences , vol.57 , Issue.5
    • Aronow, W.S.1    Ahn, C.2    Gutstein, H.3
  • 49
    • 30944443950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins as predictors of cardiovascular risk and treatment benefit in the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER)
    • Packard CJ, Ford I, Robertson M, et al. Plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins as predictors of cardiovascular risk and treatment benefit in the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER). Circulation 2005; 112: 3058-3065
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 3058-3065
    • Packard, C.J.1    Ford, I.2    Robertson, M.3
  • 51
    • 33847171482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive versus moderate lipid-lowering therapy on myocardial ischemia in older patients with coronary heart disease: Results of the Study Assessing Goals in the Elderly (SAGE)
    • Deedwania P, Stone PH, Bairey Merz CN, et al. Effects of intensive versus moderate lipid-lowering therapy on myocardial ischemia in older patients with coronary heart disease: results of the Study Assessing Goals in the Elderly (SAGE). Circulation 2007; 115: 700-707
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 700-707
    • Deedwania, P.1    Stone, P.H.2    Bairey Merz, C.N.3
  • 52
    • 3142729178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines
    • Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CNB, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 2004; 110: 227-239
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 227-239
    • Grundy, S.M.1    Cleeman, J.I.2    Merz, C.N.B.3
  • 53
    • 77749232132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jun [online]. Available from URL:[Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • Merck & Co. Zocor (simvastatin) [prescribing information]. 2008 Jun [online]. Available from URL: http://www. merck.com/product/usa/pi-circulars/z/ zocor/zocor-pi.pdf [Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • (2008) Zoco (Simvastatin) [Prescribing Information]
  • 54
    • 70350469554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feb [online]. Available from URL:[Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • Pfizer Inc. Lipitor (atorvastatin calcium) [prescribing information]. 2009 Feb [online]. Available from URL: http:// www.pfizer.com/files/products/ uspi-lipitor.pdf [Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • (2009) Lipitor (Atorvastatin Calcium) [Prescribing Information]
  • 55
    • 70350469554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feb [online]. Available from URL:[Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. Crestor (rosuvastatin calcium) [prescribing information]. 2009 Feb [online]. Available from URL: http://www.astrazeneca-us. com/pi/crestor.pdf [Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • (2009) Crestor (Rosuvastatin Calcium) [Prescribing Information]
  • 56
    • 47649122528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals.Oct [online]. Available from URL:[Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Lescol (fluvastatin sodium) [prescribing information]. 2006 Oct [online]. Available from URL: http://www.pharma.us. novartis.com/product/ pi/pdf/Lescol.pdf [Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • (2006) Lescol (Fluvastatin Sodium) [Prescribing Information]
  • 57
    • 70350449910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sep [online]. Available from URL:[Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • Merck & Co. Mevacor (lovastatin) [prescribing information]. 2008 Sep [online]. Available from URL: http://www. merck.com/product/usa/pi-circulars/m/ mevacor/mevacor-pi. pdf [Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • (2008) Mevacor (Lovastatin) [Prescribing Information]
  • 58
    • 70350440976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bristol Myers Squibb Co Mar [online]. Available from URL:[Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • Bristol Myers Squibb Co. Pravachol (pravastatin sodium) [prescribing information]. 2007 Mar [online]. Available from URL: http://packageinserts.bms. com/pi/pi-pravachol. pdf [Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • (2007) Pravachol (Pravastatin Sodium) [Prescribing Information]
  • 59
    • 70350463199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Merck-Schering Plough Pharmaceuticals.May [online]. Available from URL:[Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • Merck-Schering Plough Pharmaceuticals. Vytorin (simvastatin/ ezetimibe) [prescribing information]. 2009 May [online]. Available from URL: http://www.vytorin.com/ vytorin/shared/documents/vytorin-pi.pdf [Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • (2009) Vytorin (Simvastatin/ Ezetimibe) [Prescribing Information]
  • 60
    • 70350446215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Merck/Schering-Plough Pharmaceuticals. May [online]. Available from URL:[Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • Merck/Schering-Plough Pharmaceuticals. Zetia [prescribing information]. 2009 May [online]. Available from URL: http://www.zetia.com/zetia/shared/ documents/zetia-pi.pdf [Accessed 2009 May 15]
    • (2009) Zetia [Prescribing Information]
  • 61
    • 33947713026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: The METEOR trial
    • Crouse III JR, Raichlen JS, Riley WA, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR trial. JAMA 2007; 297: 1344-1353
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.297 , pp. 1344-1353
    • Crouse Iii, J.R.1    Raichlen, J.S.2    Riley, W.A.3
  • 62
    • 33645524176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of very highintensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: The ASTEROID Trial
    • Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I, et al. Effect of very highintensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID Trial. JAMA 2006; 295: 1556-1565
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1556-1565
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Nicholls, S.J.2    Sipahi, I.3
  • 63
    • 34247267133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of aggressive lipid management
    • Davidson M, Robinson JG. Safety of aggressive lipid management. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 1753-1762
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 1753-1762
    • Davidson, M.1    Robinson, J.G.2
  • 64
    • 67449094503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of complex lipid abnormalities with a fixed dose combination of simvastatin and extended release niacin
    • Robinson J. Management of complex lipid abnormalities with a fixed dose combination of simvastatin and extended release niacin. Vasc Health Risk Man 2009; 5: 31-43
    • (2009) Vasc Health Risk Man , vol.5 , pp. 31-43
    • Robinson, J.1
  • 65
    • 67349119255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of ABT-335 (fenofibric acid) in combination with rosuvastatin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia: A phase 3 study
    • Jones PH, Davidson MH, Kashyap ML, et al. Efficacy and safety of ABT-335 (fenofibric acid) in combination with rosuvastatin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia: a phase 3 study. Atherosclerosis 2009; 204: 208-215
    • (2009) Atherosclerosis , vol.204 , pp. 208-215
    • Jones, P.H.1    Davidson, M.H.2    Kashyap, M.L.3
  • 66
    • 34248223741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of rosuvastatin: Update on 16 876 rosuvastatin-treated patients in a multinational clinical trial program
    • Shepherd J, Vidt D, Miller E, et al. Safety of rosuvastatin: update on 16 876 rosuvastatin-treated patients in a multinational clinical trial program. Cardiology 2007; 107: 433-443
    • (2007) Cardiology , vol.107 , pp. 433-443
    • Shepherd, J.1    Vidt, D.2    Miller, E.3
  • 67
    • 70350446213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin safety in patients 75 years and older [abstract]
    • Hey-Hadavi J, Kuntze E, LePetri B. Atorvastatin safety in patients 75 years and older [abstract]. J Clin Lipid 2007; 1: 164
    • (2007) J Clin Lipid , vol.1 , pp. 164
    • Hey-Hadavi, J.1    Kuntze, E.2    Lepetri, B.3
  • 68
    • 37549072567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe and ezetimibe plus statin therapy in patients aged under 65, 65-74 and 75 years and older
    • Robinson JG, Davidson MH, Shah A, et al. Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe and ezetimibe plus statin therapy in patients aged under 65, 65-74 and 75 years and older. Aging Health 2007; 3: 691-705
    • (2007) Aging Health , vol.3 , pp. 691-705
    • Robinson, J.G.1    Davidson, M.H.2    Shah, A.3
  • 69
    • 33845876333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks associated with statin therapy: A systematic overview of randomized clinical trials
    • Kashani A, Phillips CO, Foody JM, et al. Risks associated with statin therapy: a systematic overview of randomized clinical trials. Circulation 2006; 114: 2788-2797
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 2788-2797
    • Kashani, A.1    Phillips, C.O.2    Foody, J.M.3
  • 70
    • 27744603499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose atorvastatin versus usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: The IDEAL study: A randomized controlled trial
    • Pedersen TR, Faergeman O, Kastelein JJP, et al. High-dose atorvastatin versus usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: the IDEAL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 294: 2437-2445
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 2437-2445
    • Pedersen, T.R.1    Faergeman, O.2    Kastelein, J.J.P.3
  • 71
    • 60249085143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of efficacy and safety of atorvastatin (80 mg) to simvastatin (20 to 40 mg) in patients aged 65 versus =65 years with coronary heart disease (from the Incremental DEcrease through Aggressive Lipid Lowering [IDEAL] study)
    • Tikkanen MJ, Holme I, Cater NB, et al. Comparison of efficacy and safety of atorvastatin (80 mg) to simvastatin (20 to 40 mg) in patients aged =65 years with coronary heart disease (from the Incremental DEcrease through Aggressive Lipid Lowering [IDEAL] study). Am J Cardiol 2009; 103: 577-582
    • (2009) Am J Cardiol , vol.103 , pp. 577-582
    • Tikkanen, M.J.1    Holme, I.2    Cater, N.B.3
  • 72
    • 4544243333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early intensive versus a delayed conservative simvastatin strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Phase Z of the A to Z trial
    • De Lemos JA, Blazing MA, Wiviott SD, et al. Early intensive versus a delayed conservative simvastatin strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes: phase Z of the A to Z trial. JAMA 2004; 292: 1307-1316
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 1307-1316
    • De Lemos, J.A.1    Blazing, M.A.2    Wiviott, S.D.3
  • 73
    • 0034252616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study with simvastatin and folic acid/vitamin B12 in preparation for the Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and Homocysteine (SEARCH)
    • MacMahon M, Kirkpatrick C, Cummings C, et al. A pilot study with simvastatin and folic acid/vitamin B12 in preparation for the Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and Homocysteine (SEARCH). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2000; 10: 195-203
    • (2000) Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis , vol.10 , pp. 195-203
    • MacMahon, M.1    Kirkpatrick, C.2    Cummings, C.3
  • 75
    • 33645888317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of statin safety by hepatologists
    • Cohen D, Anania F, Chalasani N. An assessment of statin safety by hepatologists. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97 (8 Suppl. 1): S77-81
    • (2006) Am J Cardiol , vol.97 , Issue.8 SUPPL. 1
    • Cohen, D.1    Anania, F.2    Chalasani, N.3
  • 76
    • 33645847841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of statin safety by muscle experts
    • Thompson PD, Clarkson PM, Rosenson RS. An assessment of statin safety by muscle experts. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97 (8 Suppl. 1): S69-76
    • (2006) Am J Cardiol , vol.97 , Issue.8 SUPPL. 1
    • Thompson, P.D.1    Clarkson, P.M.2    Rosenson, R.S.3
  • 77
    • 51649110048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and risk of cancer
    • Alsheikh-Ali AA, Trikalinos T, Kent DM, et al. Statins, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and risk of cancer. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 1141-1147
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.52 , pp. 1141-1147
    • Alsheikh-Ali, A.A.1    Trikalinos, T.2    Kent, D.M.3
  • 78
    • 15944410609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease
    • LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1425-1435
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1425-1435
    • Larosa, J.C.1    Grundy, S.M.2    Waters, D.D.3
  • 79
    • 33947262642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does pravastatin promote cancer in elderly patients? A meta-analysis
    • Bonovas S, Sitaras NM. Does pravastatin promote cancer in elderly patients? A meta-analysis. CMAJ 2007; 176: 649-654
    • (2007) CMAJ , vol.176 , pp. 649-654
    • Bonovas, S.1    Sitaras, N.M.2
  • 80
    • 33846111227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins and the risk of lung, breast, and colorectal cancer in the elderly
    • Setoguchi S, Glynn RJ, Avorn J, et al. Statins and the risk of lung, breast, and colorectal cancer in the elderly. Circulation 2007; 115: 27-33
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 27-33
    • Setoguchi, S.1    Glynn, R.J.2    Avorn, J.3
  • 81
    • 4444252160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and incidence of cancer during 10-year follow-up of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
    • Strandberg T, Pyorala K, Cook TJ, et al. Mortality and incidence of cancer during 10-year follow-up of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 2004; 364: 771-777
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 771-777
    • Strandberg, T.1    Pyorala, K.2    Cook, T.J.3
  • 82
    • 70350456570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study (HPS): Mortality, cancer incidence and major vascular events during 4 years post-trial followup of HPS [abstract plus oral presentation]
    • Bulbulia R, Bowman L, Wallendazus K, et al. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study (HPS): mortality, cancer incidence and major vascular events during 4 years post-trial followup of HPS [abstract plus oral presentation]. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49 (9 Suppl. 1): A394A
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.49 , Issue.9 SUPPL. 1
    • Bulbulia, R.1    Bowman, L.2    Wallendazus, K.3
  • 83
    • 44949173938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemorrhagic stroke in the Stroke prevention by aggressive reduction in cholesterol levels study
    • Goldstein LB, Amarenco P, Szarek M, et al. Hemorrhagic stroke in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels study. Neurology 2007; 70: 2364-2370
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. 2364-2370
    • Goldstein, L.B.1    Amarenco, P.2    Szarek, M.3
  • 84
    • 1542345696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20,536 people with cerebrovascular cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk complications
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20,536 people with cerebrovascular cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk complications. Lancet 2004; 363: 757-767
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 757-767
  • 85
    • 0042512336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts)
    • De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts). Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 1601-1610
    • (2003) Eur Heart J , vol.24 , pp. 1601-1610
    • De Backer, G.1    Ambrosioni, E.2    Borch-Johnsen, K.3
  • 86
    • 70350463198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nov 21, Bethesda (MD): National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 2007 [online]. Available from URL:[Accessed 2008 Mar 5]
    • National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Expert Panel on Lipid Trial: executive summary. 2006 Nov 21. Bethesda (MD): National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 2007 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ meetings/workshops/lipid.htm [Accessed 2008 Mar 5]
    • (2006) Expert Panel on Lipid Trial: Executive Summary
  • 87
    • 44649193108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of aspirin treatment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events in subgroups based on age, gender, and varying cardiovascular risk
    • Greving JP, Buskens E, Koffijberg H, et al. Cost-effectiveness of aspirin treatment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events in subgroups based on age, gender, and varying cardiovascular risk. Circulation 2008; 117: 2875-2883
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 2875-2883
    • Greving, J.P.1    Buskens, E.2    Koffijberg, H.3
  • 88
    • 0037827722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review
    • Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review. JAMA 2003; 290: 86-97
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 86-97
    • Critchley, J.A.1    Capewell, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.