International guide to prescribing psychotropic medication for the management of problem behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities

World Psychiatry

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 181-186

  Deb, Shoumitro ^a,b   Kwok, Henry ^a,c   Bertelli, Marco ^a,d   Salvador Carulla, Luis ^a,e   Bradley, Elspeth ^a,f   Torr, Jennifer ^a,g   Barnhill, Jarret ^a,h  

^a WPA Section on Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^c KWAI CHUNG HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

^d SIRM Italian Society for the Study of Mental Retardation   (Italy)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CÁDIZ   (Spain)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^g MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^h UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Intellectual disabilities; International guide; Problem behaviours; Psychotropic medications

Indexed keywords

PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT;

BEHAVIOR DISORDER; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FORMULARY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MONITORING; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHYSICIAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT PLANNING;

EID: 70350511885     PISSN: 17238617     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00248.x     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. Salvador-Carulla L, Bertelli M. 'Mental retardation' or 'intellectual disability': time for a conceptual change. Psychopathology 2008;41:10-16
2. Cooper S-A, Smiley E, Morrison J et al. Prevalence of and associations with mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities. Br J Psychiatry 2007;190:27-35. (Pubitemid 46121498)
3. Einfeld SL, Piccinin AM, Mackinnon A et al. Psychopathology in young people with intellectual disability. JAMA 2006;296:1981-1989 (Pubitemid 44631444)
4. World Health Organization. Atlas on country resources in intellectual disabilities. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007.
5. Deb S, Thomas M, Bright C. Mental disorder in adults with intellectual disability. 2: The rate of behaviour disorders among a community-based population aged between 16 and 64 years. J Intellect Disabil Res 2001;45:506-514
6. Smith S, Branford D, Collacott R et al. Prevalence and cluster typology of maladaptive behaviours in a geographically defined population of adults with learning disabilities. Br J Psychiatry 1996;169:219-227 (Pubitemid 126735166)
7. Qureshi H, Alborz A. Epidemiology of challenging behaviour. Ment Hand Res 1992;5:130-145
8. Kiernan C, Reeves D, Hatton C et al. The HARC Challenging Behaviour Project. Report 1: Persistence and change in the challenging behaviour of people with a learning disability. Manchester: Hester Adrian Research Centre, University of Manchester, 1997.
9. Emerson E, Kiernan C, Alborz A et al. The prevalence of challenging behaviours: a total population study. Res Dev Disabil 2001;22:77-93. (Pubitemid 32112303)
10. Lowe K, Allen D, Jones E et al. Challenging behaviours: prevalence and topographies. J Intellect Disabil Res 2007;51:625-636
11. Royal College of Psychiatrists. Diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders for use with adults with learning disabilities/mental retardation (DC-LD). London: Gaskell, 2001.
12. Cooper S-A, Smiley E, Allan LM et al. Adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence, incidence and remission of aggressive behaviour and related factors. J Intellect Disabil Res 2009;53:217-232
13. Cooper S-A, Smiley E, Allan LM et al. Adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence, incidence and remission of self-injurious behaviour, and related factors. J Intellect Disabil Res 2009;53:200-216
14. Clarke DJ, Kelley S, Thinn K et al. Psychotropic drugs and mental retardation: 1. Disabilities and the prescription of drugs for behaviour and for epilepsy in 3 residential settings. J Ment Defic Res 1990;28:229-233
15. Deb S, Fraser W. The use of medication in people with learning disability: towards more rational prescribing. Hum Psychopharmacol 1994;9:259-272 (Pubitemid 24277706)
16. Spreat S, Conroy J, Jones J. Use of psychotropic medication in Oklahoma: a statewide survey. Am J Ment Retard 1997;102:80-85 (Pubitemid 27334712)
17. Emerson E, Kiernan C, Alborz A et al. Predicting the persistence of severe self-injurious behaviour. Res Dev Disabil 2001;22:67-75. (Pubitemid 32112302)
18. Einfeld SL, Tonge BJ. Population prevalence of psychopathology in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: II. Epidemiological findings. J Intellect Disabil Res 1996;40:99-109. (Pubitemid 26128832)
19. Green V, O'Reilly M, Itchon J et al. Persistence of early emerging aberrant behaviour in children with developmental disabilities. Res Dev Disabil 2005;26:47-55. (Pubitemid 39601462)
20. Totsika V, Toogood S, Hastings RP et al. Persistence of challenging behaviours in adults with intellectual disability over a period of 11 years. J Intellect Disabil Res 2008;52:446-457 (Pubitemid 351560345)
21. Carr EG, Levin L, McConnachie G et al. Communication-based intervention for problem behavior: a user's guide for producing positive change. Baltimore: Brookes, 1994.
22. Didden R, Duker PC, Korzilius H. Meta-analytic study on treatment effectiveness for problem behaviors with individuals who have mental retardation. Am J Ment Retard 1997;101:387-399 (Pubitemid 27061357)
23. Durand VM. Problem behaviour as communication. Behaviour Change 1993;10:126-197
24. Schroeder SR, Tessel RE, Loupe PS et al. Severe behavior problems among people with developmental disabilities. In: MacLean WE, Jr. (ed). Ellis' handbook of mental deficiency, psychological theory and research, 3rd ed. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997:439-464
25. Sigafoos J. Communication development and aberrant behaviour in children with developmental disabilities. Educ Train Ment Retard Dev Disabil 2000;35:168-176
26. McGillivray JA, McCabe MP. Pharmacological management of challenging behavior of individuals with intellectual disability. Res Dev Disabil 2004;25:523-537
27. Deb S. The role of medication in the management of behaviour problems in people with learning disabilities. Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities 2007;1:26-31.
28. Tyrer P, Oliver-Africano PC, Ahmed Z et al. Risperidone, haloperidol, and placebo in the treatment of aggressive challenging behaviour in patients with intellectual disability: a randomised controlled trail. Lancet 2008;371:57-63.
29. Aman M, Gharabawi G. Treatment of behaviour disorders in mental retardation: report on transitioning to atypical antipsychotics, with an emphasis on risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:1197-1210
30. Deb S, Clarke D, Unwin G. Using medication to manage behaviour problems among adults with a learning disability: Quick Reference Guide (QRG). Birrningham: University of Birmingham; London: Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2006; www.ld-medication.bham.ac.uk.
31. Fletcher R, Loschen E, Stavrakaki C et al (eds). Diagnostic Manual-Intellectual Disability (DM-ID): a textbook of diagnosis of mental disorders in persons with intellectual disability. Washington: National Association for the Dually Diagnosed Press and American Psychiatric Association, 2007.
32. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. www.nice.org.uk.
33. Mezzich JE. Psychiatry for the Person: articulating medicine's science and humanism. World Psychiatry 2007;6:1-3.
34. Unwin G, Deb S. Psychiatric and behavioural assessment scales for adults with learning disabilities. Advances in Mental Health in Learning Disability 2008;2:37-45.
35. Unwin G, Deb S. Use of medication for the management of behaviour problems among adults with intellectual disabilities: a clinicians' consensus survey. Am J Ment Retard 2008;113:19-31.
36. Ucok A, Gaebel W. Side effects of atypical antipsychotics: a brief overview. World Psychiatry 2008;7:58-62. (Pubitemid 351338194)
37. Ahmed Z, Fraser W, Kerr MP et al. Reducing antipsychotic medication in people with a learning disability. Br J Psychiatry 2000;178:42-46
38. Branford D. Factors associated with the successful or unsuccessful withdrawal of antipsychotic drug therapy prescribed for people with learning disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res 1996;40:322-329