메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 220, Issue 23, 2009, Pages 3380-3393

Simulating dynamic and mixed-severity fire regimes: A process-based fire extension for LANDIS-II

Author keywords

Boreal forest; Fire disturbance; Fire effects; Fire regime; Labrador; LANDIS II; Mixed conifer forest; Sierra Nevada

Indexed keywords

BOREAL FOREST; FIRE DISTURBANCE; FIRE EFFECTS; FIRE REGIME; LABRADOR; LANDIS-II; MIXED CONIFER FOREST; SIERRA NEVADA;

EID: 70350465321     PISSN: 03043800     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.07.030     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (110)

References (80)
  • 5
    • 0028974560 scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of fuels and weather on fire behavior in subalpine forests
    • Bessie W.C., and Johnson E.A. The relative importance of fuels and weather on fire behavior in subalpine forests. Ecology 76 (1995) 747-762
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 747-762
    • Bessie, W.C.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 6
    • 27944478144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple disturbance interactions and drought influence fire severity in rocky mountain subalpine forests
    • Bigler C., Kulakowski D., and Veblen T.T. Multiple disturbance interactions and drought influence fire severity in rocky mountain subalpine forests. Ecology 86 (2005) 3018-3029
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 3018-3029
    • Bigler, C.1    Kulakowski, D.2    Veblen, T.T.3
  • 7
    • 26044480318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modest trade-offs between timber management and fire susceptibility of a Bolivian semi-deciduous forest
    • Blate G.M. Modest trade-offs between timber management and fire susceptibility of a Bolivian semi-deciduous forest. Ecological Applications 15 (2005) 1649-1663
    • (2005) Ecological Applications , vol.15 , pp. 1649-1663
    • Blate, G.M.1
  • 8
    • 0003830054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Flora. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • RMRS-GTR-42
    • Brown, J.K., Smith, J.K., 2000. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Flora. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42.
    • (2000) General Technical Report
    • Brown, J.K.1    Smith, J.K.2
  • 10
    • 0024249026 scopus 로고
    • Effect of climate change on fire regimes in northwestern Minnesota
    • Clark J.S. Effect of climate change on fire regimes in northwestern Minnesota. Nature 334 (1988) 233-235
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 233-235
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 12
    • 35948939621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest age structure as indicator of boreal forest sustainability under alternative management and fire regimes: a landscape level sensitivity analysis
    • Didion M., Fortin M.J., and Fall A. Forest age structure as indicator of boreal forest sustainability under alternative management and fire regimes: a landscape level sensitivity analysis. Ecological Modelling 200 (2007) 45-58
    • (2007) Ecological Modelling , vol.200 , pp. 45-58
    • Didion, M.1    Fortin, M.J.2    Fall, A.3
  • 14
    • 0036443353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire growth using minimum travel time methods
    • Finney M.A. Fire growth using minimum travel time methods. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32 (2002) 1420-1424
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.32 , pp. 1420-1424
    • Finney, M.A.1
  • 16
    • 0004176563 scopus 로고
    • Development and Structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction System. Forestry Canada, Science and Sustainable Development Directorate
    • Forestry Canada Fire Danger Group, ST-X-3
    • Forestry Canada Fire Danger Group, 1992. Development and Structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction System. Forestry Canada, Science and Sustainable Development Directorate, Information Report ST-X-3.
    • (1992) Information Report
  • 18
    • 0028975893 scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns and succession in a Minnesota southern-boreal forest
    • Frelich L.E., and Reich P.B. Spatial patterns and succession in a Minnesota southern-boreal forest. Ecological Monographs 65 (1995) 325-346
    • (1995) Ecological Monographs , vol.65 , pp. 325-346
    • Frelich, L.E.1    Reich, P.B.2
  • 20
    • 3042721615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of forest management alternatives and land type on susceptibility to fire in northern Wisconsin, USA
    • Gustafson E.J., Zollner P.A., Sturtevant B.R., He H.S., and Mladenoff D.J. Influence of forest management alternatives and land type on susceptibility to fire in northern Wisconsin, USA. Landscape Ecology 19 (2004) 327-341
    • (2004) Landscape Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 327-341
    • Gustafson, E.J.1    Zollner, P.A.2    Sturtevant, B.R.3    He, H.S.4    Mladenoff, D.J.5
  • 22
    • 0036704539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of an anthropogenic fire regime
    • Guyette R.P., Muzika R.M., and Dey D.C. Dynamics of an anthropogenic fire regime. Ecosystems 5 (2002) 472-486
    • (2002) Ecosystems , vol.5 , pp. 472-486
    • Guyette, R.P.1    Muzika, R.M.2    Dey, D.C.3
  • 24
    • 0032897055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatially explicit and stochastic simulation of forest-landscape fire disturbance and succession
    • He H.S., and Mladenoff D.J. Spatially explicit and stochastic simulation of forest-landscape fire disturbance and succession. Ecology 80 (1999) 81-99
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 81-99
    • He, H.S.1    Mladenoff, D.J.2
  • 25
    • 0036151777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of landscape change under forest harvesting and climate warming-induced fire disturbance
    • He H.S., Mladenoff D.J., and Gustafson E.J. Study of landscape change under forest harvesting and climate warming-induced fire disturbance. Forest Ecology and Management 155 (2002) 257-270
    • (2002) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.155 , pp. 257-270
    • He, H.S.1    Mladenoff, D.J.2    Gustafson, E.J.3
  • 26
    • 4544228678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating forest fuel and fire risk dynamics across landscapes-LANDIS fuel module design
    • He H.S., Shang B.Z., Crow T.R., Gustafson E.J., and Shifley S.R. Simulating forest fuel and fire risk dynamics across landscapes-LANDIS fuel module design. Ecological Modelling 180 (2004) 135-151
    • (2004) Ecological Modelling , vol.180 , pp. 135-151
    • He, H.S.1    Shang, B.Z.2    Crow, T.R.3    Gustafson, E.J.4    Shifley, S.R.5
  • 27
    • 0035054696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of vegetation and weather on fire behavior in the Canadian mixedwood boreal forest using two fire behavior prediction systems
    • Hély C., Flannigan M., Bergeron Y., and McRae D. Role of vegetation and weather on fire behavior in the Canadian mixedwood boreal forest using two fire behavior prediction systems. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31 (2001) 430-441
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.31 , pp. 430-441
    • Hély, C.1    Flannigan, M.2    Bergeron, Y.3    McRae, D.4
  • 31
    • 33644839346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotic and abiotic regulation of lightning fire initiation in the mixedwood boreal forest
    • Krawchuk M.A., Cumming S.G., Flannigan M.D., and Wein R.W. Biotic and abiotic regulation of lightning fire initiation in the mixedwood boreal forest. Ecology 87 (2006) 458-468
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 458-468
    • Krawchuk, M.A.1    Cumming, S.G.2    Flannigan, M.D.3    Wein, R.W.4
  • 32
    • 61449235219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance history affects lightning fire initiation in the mixedwood boreal forest: observations and simulations
    • Krawchuk M.A., and Cumming S.G. Disturbance history affects lightning fire initiation in the mixedwood boreal forest: observations and simulations. Forest Ecology and Management 257 (2009) 1613-1622
    • (2009) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.257 , pp. 1613-1622
    • Krawchuk, M.A.1    Cumming, S.G.2
  • 33
    • 58149391815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicted changes in fire weather suggest increases in lightning fire initiation and future area burned in the mixedwood boreal forest
    • Krawchuk M.A., Cumming S.G., and Flannigan M.D. Predicted changes in fire weather suggest increases in lightning fire initiation and future area burned in the mixedwood boreal forest. Climatic Change 92 (2009) 83-97
    • (2009) Climatic Change , vol.92 , pp. 83-97
    • Krawchuk, M.A.1    Cumming, S.G.2    Flannigan, M.D.3
  • 34
    • 0034735690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of natural fire regimes through ecological modelling
    • Li C. Reconstruction of natural fire regimes through ecological modelling. Ecological Modelling 134 (2000) 129-144
    • (2000) Ecological Modelling , vol.134 , pp. 129-144
    • Li, C.1
  • 35
    • 14744283250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of historical and current fire regimes in central Saskatchewan
    • Li C., Barclay H., Li J., and Campbell D. Simulation of historical and current fire regimes in central Saskatchewan. Forest Ecology and Management 208 (2005) 319-329
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.208 , pp. 319-329
    • Li, C.1    Barclay, H.2    Li, J.3    Campbell, D.4
  • 36
    • 0032963238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between forest heterogeneity and surface fire regimes in the southern Sierra Nevada
    • Miller C., and Urban D.L. Interactions between forest heterogeneity and surface fire regimes in the southern Sierra Nevada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29 (1999) 202-212
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.29 , pp. 202-212
    • Miller, C.1    Urban, D.L.2
  • 37
    • 0033006857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest pattern, fire, and climatic change in the Sierra Nevada
    • Miller C., and Urban D.L. Forest pattern, fire, and climatic change in the Sierra Nevada. Ecosystems 2 (1999) 76-87
    • (1999) Ecosystems , vol.2 , pp. 76-87
    • Miller, C.1    Urban, D.L.2
  • 38
    • 0034141579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the effects of fire management alternatives on Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests
    • Miller C., and Urban D.L. Modeling the effects of fire management alternatives on Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests. Ecological Applications 10 (2000) 85-94
    • (2000) Ecological Applications , vol.10 , pp. 85-94
    • Miller, C.1    Urban, D.L.2
  • 39
  • 40
    • 4544314254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LANDIS and forest landscape models
    • Mladenoff D.J. LANDIS and forest landscape models. Ecological Modelling 180 (2004) 7-19
    • (2004) Ecological Modelling , vol.180 , pp. 7-19
    • Mladenoff, D.J.1
  • 41
    • 0036229447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive mapping of forest composition and structue with direct gradient analysis and nearest neighbor imputation in coastal Oregon, USA
    • Ohmann J.L., and Gregory M.J. Predictive mapping of forest composition and structue with direct gradient analysis and nearest neighbor imputation in coastal Oregon, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32 (2002) 725-741
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.32 , pp. 725-741
    • Ohmann, J.L.1    Gregory, M.J.2
  • 42
    • 33746824255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among fire, insects and pathogens in coniferous forests of the interior western United States and Canada
    • Parker T.J., Clancy K.M., and Mathiasen R.L. Interactions among fire, insects and pathogens in coniferous forests of the interior western United States and Canada. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 8 (2006) 167-189
    • (2006) Agricultural and Forest Entomology , vol.8 , pp. 167-189
    • Parker, T.J.1    Clancy, K.M.2    Mathiasen, R.L.3
  • 43
    • 0036642376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spatial simulation approach to natural forest landscape dynamics in boreal Fennoscandia
    • Pennanen J., and Kuuluvainen T. A spatial simulation approach to natural forest landscape dynamics in boreal Fennoscandia. Forest Ecology and Management 164 (2002) 157-175
    • (2002) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.164 , pp. 157-175
    • Pennanen, J.1    Kuuluvainen, T.2
  • 46
    • 0034141309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of interacting disturbances on landscape patterns: budworm defoliation and salvage logging
    • Radeloff V.C., Mladenoff D.J., and Boyce M.S. Effects of interacting disturbances on landscape patterns: budworm defoliation and salvage logging. Ecological Applications 10 (2000) 233-247
    • (2000) Ecological Applications , vol.10 , pp. 233-247
    • Radeloff, V.C.1    Mladenoff, D.J.2    Boyce, M.S.3
  • 47
    • 45849137124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions
    • Raffa K.F., Aukema B.H., Bentz B.J., Carroll A.L., Hicke J.A., Turner M.G., and Romme W.H. Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. Bioscience 58 (2008) 501-517
    • (2008) Bioscience , vol.58 , pp. 501-517
    • Raffa, K.F.1    Aukema, B.H.2    Bentz, B.J.3    Carroll, A.L.4    Hicke, J.A.5    Turner, M.G.6    Romme, W.H.7
  • 48
    • 33751055326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forests and woodlands of Labrador, Canada: ecology, distribution and future management
    • Roberts B.A., Simon N.P.P., and Deering K.W. The forests and woodlands of Labrador, Canada: ecology, distribution and future management. Ecological Research 21 (2006) 868-880
    • (2006) Ecological Research , vol.21 , pp. 868-880
    • Roberts, B.A.1    Simon, N.P.P.2    Deering, K.W.3
  • 49
    • 0004029007 scopus 로고
    • How to Predict the Spread and Intensity of Forest and Range Fires. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
    • INT-143
    • Rothermel, R.C., 1983. How to Predict the Spread and Intensity of Forest and Range Fires. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report INT-143.
    • (1983) General Technical Report
    • Rothermel, R.C.1
  • 50
    • 4544350698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A forest growth and biomass module for a landscape simulation model, LANDIS: design, validation, and application
    • Scheller R.M., and Mladenoff D.J. A forest growth and biomass module for a landscape simulation model, LANDIS: design, validation, and application. Ecological Modelling 180 (2004) 211-229
    • (2004) Ecological Modelling , vol.180 , pp. 211-229
    • Scheller, R.M.1    Mladenoff, D.J.2
  • 51
    • 33846692695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, development, and application of LANDIS-II, a spatial landscape simulation model with flexible temporal and spatial resolution
    • Scheller R.M., Domingo J.B., Sturtevant B.R., Williams J.S., Rudy A., Gustafson E.J., and Mladenoff D.J. Design, development, and application of LANDIS-II, a spatial landscape simulation model with flexible temporal and spatial resolution. Ecological Modelling 201 (2007) 409-419
    • (2007) Ecological Modelling , vol.201 , pp. 409-419
    • Scheller, R.M.1    Domingo, J.B.2    Sturtevant, B.R.3    Williams, J.S.4    Rudy, A.5    Gustafson, E.J.6    Mladenoff, D.J.7
  • 52
    • 34248377754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological classification of forest landscape simulation models: tools and strategies for understanding broad-scale forested ecosystems
    • Scheller R.M., and Mladenoff D.J. An ecological classification of forest landscape simulation models: tools and strategies for understanding broad-scale forested ecosystems. Landscape Ecology 22 (2007) 491-505
    • (2007) Landscape Ecology , vol.22 , pp. 491-505
    • Scheller, R.M.1    Mladenoff, D.J.2
  • 56
    • 15844366264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response of conifer and broad-leaved trees and shrubs to wildfire and clearcut logging in the boreal forests of central Labrador
    • Simon N.P.P., and Schwab F.E. The response of conifer and broad-leaved trees and shrubs to wildfire and clearcut logging in the boreal forests of central Labrador. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22 (2005) 35-41
    • (2005) Northern Journal of Applied Forestry , vol.22 , pp. 35-41
    • Simon, N.P.P.1    Schwab, F.E.2
  • 58
    • 63149183127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studying fire mitigation strategies in multi-ownership landscapes: balancing the management of fire-dependent ecosystems and fire risk
    • Sturtevant B., Miranda B., Yang J., He H., Gustafson E., and Scheller R. Studying fire mitigation strategies in multi-ownership landscapes: balancing the management of fire-dependent ecosystems and fire risk. Ecosystems 12 (2009) 445-461
    • (2009) Ecosystems , vol.12 , pp. 445-461
    • Sturtevant, B.1    Miranda, B.2    Yang, J.3    He, H.4    Gustafson, E.5    Scheller, R.6
  • 59
    • 4544244061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling biological disturbances in LANDIS: a module description and demonstration using spruce budworm
    • Sturtevant B.R., Gustafson E.J., Li W., and He H.S. Modeling biological disturbances in LANDIS: a module description and demonstration using spruce budworm. Ecological Modelling 180 (2004) 153-174
    • (2004) Ecological Modelling , vol.180 , pp. 153-174
    • Sturtevant, B.R.1    Gustafson, E.J.2    Li, W.3    He, H.S.4
  • 60
    • 3042767339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human influence on the abundance and connectivity of high-risk fuels in mixed forests of northern Wisconsin, USA
    • Sturtevant B.R., Zollner P.A., Gustafson E.J., and Cleland D.T. Human influence on the abundance and connectivity of high-risk fuels in mixed forests of northern Wisconsin, USA. Landscape Ecology 19 (2004) 235-253
    • (2004) Landscape Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 235-253
    • Sturtevant, B.R.1    Zollner, P.A.2    Gustafson, E.J.3    Cleland, D.T.4
  • 61
    • 34548067728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human and biophysical factors influencing modern fire disturbance in Northern Wisconsin
    • Sturtevant B.R., and Cleland D.T. Human and biophysical factors influencing modern fire disturbance in Northern Wisconsin. International Journal of Wildland Fire 16 (2007) 398-413
    • (2007) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.16 , pp. 398-413
    • Sturtevant, B.R.1    Cleland, D.T.2
  • 62
    • 41249099261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A toolkit modeling approach for sustainable forest management planning: Achieving balance between science and local needs
    • online] URL
    • Sturtevant, B.R., Fall, A., Kneeshaw, D.D., Simon, N.P.P., Papaik, M.J., Berninger, K., Doyon, F., Morgan, D.G., Messier, C., 2007. A toolkit modeling approach for sustainable forest management planning: achieving balance between science and local needs. Ecology and Society 12, 7. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss12/art17/.
    • (2007) Ecology and Society , vol.12 , pp. 7
    • Sturtevant, B.R.1    Fall, A.2    Kneeshaw, D.D.3    Simon, N.P.P.4    Papaik, M.J.5    Berninger, K.6    Doyon, F.7    Morgan, D.G.8    Messier, C.9
  • 63
    • 33847333285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating fire frequency and urban growth in southern California coastal shrublands, USA
    • Syphard A.D., Clarke K.C., and Franklin J. Simulating fire frequency and urban growth in southern California coastal shrublands, USA. Landscape Ecology 22 (2007) 431-445
    • (2007) Landscape Ecology , vol.22 , pp. 431-445
    • Syphard, A.D.1    Clarke, K.C.2    Franklin, J.3
  • 65
    • 0028165628 scopus 로고
    • Landscape dynamics in crown fire ecosystems
    • Turner M., and Romme W. Landscape dynamics in crown fire ecosystems. Landscape Ecology 9 (1994) 59-77
    • (1994) Landscape Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 59-77
    • Turner, M.1    Romme, W.2
  • 67
    • 2942727663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PROMETHEUS-the Canadian wildland fire growth model
    • Tymstra, C., 2002. PROMETHEUS-the Canadian wildland fire growth model. Initial Attack 2002, 8-9.
    • (2002) Initial Attack 2002 , pp. 8-9
    • Tymstra, C.1
  • 68
    • 70350450202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Armitage, O.B. Development and Assessment of the Prometheus Fire Growth Simulation Model. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB
    • NOR-X-417
    • Tymstra, C., Bryce, R.W., Wotton, B.M., 2009. Armitage, O.B. Development and Assessment of the Prometheus Fire Growth Simulation Model. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB. Information Report NOR-X-417.
    • (2009) Information Report
    • Tymstra, C.1    Bryce, R.W.2    Wotton, B.M.3
  • 69
  • 70
    • 0003221564 scopus 로고
    • Fire behavior in northern conifer forests and shrublands
    • Wien R.A., and MacLean D.A. (Eds), John Wiley & Sons, New York
    • Van Wagner C.E. Fire behavior in northern conifer forests and shrublands. In: Wien R.A., and MacLean D.A. (Eds). The Role of Fire in Northern Circumpolar Ecosystems (1983), John Wiley & Sons, New York 65-80
    • (1983) The Role of Fire in Northern Circumpolar Ecosystems , pp. 65-80
    • Van Wagner, C.E.1
  • 71
    • 0004176560 scopus 로고
    • Development and Structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. Canadian Forestry Service
    • Van Wagner, C.E., 1987. Development and Structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. Canadian Forestry Service, Forestry Technical Report 35.
    • (1987) Forestry Technical Report , vol.35
    • Van Wagner, C.E.1
  • 72
    • 84887907797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sierra Nevada bioregion
    • Sugihara N.G., van Wagtendonk J.W., Shaffer K.E., Fites-Kaufman J., and Thode A.E. (Eds), The University of California Press, Berkeley, CA
    • van Wagtendonk J.W., and Fites-Kaufman J. Sierra Nevada bioregion. In: Sugihara N.G., van Wagtendonk J.W., Shaffer K.E., Fites-Kaufman J., and Thode A.E. (Eds). Fire in California's Ecosystems (2006), The University of California Press, Berkeley, CA 264-294
    • (2006) Fire in California's Ecosystems , pp. 264-294
    • van Wagtendonk, J.W.1    Fites-Kaufman, J.2
  • 73
    • 33744743216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parametric study of an eruptive fire behaviour model
    • Viegas D.X. Parametric study of an eruptive fire behaviour model. International Journal of Wildland Fire 15 (2006) 169-177
    • (2006) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.15 , pp. 169-177
    • Viegas, D.X.1
  • 74
    • 33747586378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity
    • Westerling A.L., Hidalgo H.G., Cayan D.R., and Swetnam T.W. Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity. Science 313 (2006) 940-943
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 940-943
    • Westerling, A.L.1    Hidalgo, H.G.2    Cayan, D.R.3    Swetnam, T.W.4
  • 75
    • 50849137515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of the distribution and abundance of host species for spruce budworm in Northern Minnesota and Ontario
    • Wolter P.T., Townsend P.A., Sturtevant B.R., and Kingdon C.C. Remote sensing of the distribution and abundance of host species for spruce budworm in Northern Minnesota and Ontario. Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (2008) 3971-3982
    • (2008) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.112 , pp. 3971-3982
    • Wolter, P.T.1    Townsend, P.A.2    Sturtevant, B.R.3    Kingdon, C.C.4
  • 77
    • 34447578052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 and temperature on forest landscape response to global warming
    • 2 and temperature on forest landscape response to global warming. Global Change Biology 13 (2007) 1469-1483
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , pp. 1469-1483
    • Xu, C.1    Gertner, G.Z.2    Scheller, R.M.3
  • 78
    • 58149484402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainties in the response of a forest landscape to global climatic change
    • Xu C., Gertner G.Z., and Scheller R.M. Uncertainties in the response of a forest landscape to global climatic change. Global Change Biology 15 (2009) 116-131
    • (2009) Global Change Biology , vol.15 , pp. 116-131
    • Xu, C.1    Gertner, G.Z.2    Scheller, R.M.3
  • 79
    • 4544244063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hierarchical fire frequency model to simulate temporal patterns of fire regimes in LANDIS
    • Yang J., He H.S., and Gustafson E.J. A hierarchical fire frequency model to simulate temporal patterns of fire regimes in LANDIS. Ecological Modelling 180 (2004) 119-133
    • (2004) Ecological Modelling , vol.180 , pp. 119-133
    • Yang, J.1    He, H.S.2    Gustafson, E.J.3
  • 80
    • 46749155162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the effects of fire modeling methods on simulated fire patterns and succession: a case study in the Missouri Ozarks
    • Yang J., He H.S., Sturtevant B.R., Miranda B.R., and Gustafson E.J. Comparing the effects of fire modeling methods on simulated fire patterns and succession: a case study in the Missouri Ozarks. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38 (2008) 1290-1302
    • (2008) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.38 , pp. 1290-1302
    • Yang, J.1    He, H.S.2    Sturtevant, B.R.3    Miranda, B.R.4    Gustafson, E.J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.