-
2
-
-
0027089441
-
-
and Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers: European Identities and the Cultural Politics of Exclusion in Colonial Southeast Asia, Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, 3 (1992), 514-16, 536.
-
and "Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers: European Identities and the Cultural Politics of Exclusion in Colonial Southeast Asia," Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, 3 (1992), 514-16, 536.
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
33845600422
-
States of Ethnography: Colonialism, Resistance, and Cultural Transcription in Malaya and the Philippines, 1890s-1930s
-
See
-
See Daniel P. S. Goh, "States of Ethnography: Colonialism, Resistance, and Cultural Transcription in Malaya and the Philippines, 1890s-1930s," Comparative Studies in Society and History 49, 1 (2007), 136
-
(2007)
Comparative Studies in Society and History
, vol.49
, Issue.1
, pp. 136
-
-
Goh, D.P.S.1
-
6
-
-
70350437693
-
-
Julian Go, The Chains of Empire: State Building and 'Political Education' in Puerto Rico and the Philippines, in, Julian Go and Anne L. Foster, eds., The American Colonial State in the Philippines: Global Perspectives (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2003), 182, 205-6
-
Julian Go, "The Chains of Empire: State Building and 'Political Education' in Puerto Rico and the Philippines," in, Julian Go and Anne L. Foster, eds., The American Colonial State in the Philippines: Global Perspectives (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2003), 182, 205-6
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
70350461808
-
-
As Elizabeth Buettner has noted in relation to children, No sooner are they invoked than they are summarily dismissed from the colonial arena altogether and from further analysis. Empire Families: Britons and Late Imperial India (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 7.
-
As Elizabeth Buettner has noted in relation to children, "No sooner are they invoked than they are summarily dismissed from the colonial arena altogether and from further analysis." Empire Families: Britons and Late Imperial India (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 7.
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
85127435694
-
-
Historical debate has left colonial-era terminology such as Eurasian, and the French term métis(se), freighted with exotic and derogatory associations. While acknowledging these associations, this study uses these terms to refer in a non-pejorative sense to people of biracial heritage. On questions of terminology see, Loretta Mijares, 'You Are an Anglo-Indian?': Eurasians and Hybridity and Cosmopolitanism in Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children, Journal of Commonwealth Literature 38, 125 (2003), 126.
-
Historical debate has left colonial-era terminology such as "Eurasian," and the French term métis(se), freighted with exotic and derogatory associations. While acknowledging these associations, this study uses these terms to refer in a non-pejorative sense to people of biracial heritage. On questions of terminology see, Loretta Mijares, "'You Are an Anglo-Indian?': Eurasians and Hybridity and Cosmopolitanism in Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children," Journal of Commonwealth Literature 38, 125 (2003), 126.
-
-
-
-
10
-
-
70350482599
-
-
Ceded to Britain by China in 1842, Hong Kong was proclaimed a Crown Colony on 5 April 1843. Britain received a perpetual lease on the Kowloon peninsula from 1860, and took the New Territories on a ninety-nine-year lease from 1898. Through a series of wars and treaties between 1858 and 1898 the French acquired what came to be referred to as Indochina. Official statistics recorded Hong Kong's population as having grown from 301,967 in 1906, to 456,739 in 1911, to 1,028,619 by 1938. Saigon reached 250,000 inhabitants in 1931. Hanoi's population grew from 86,000 in 1913, to just over 100,000 by 1924, and 127,880 by 1931.
-
Ceded to Britain by China in 1842, Hong Kong was proclaimed a Crown Colony on 5 April 1843. Britain received a perpetual lease on the Kowloon peninsula from 1860, and took the "New Territories" on a ninety-nine-year lease from 1898. Through a series of wars and treaties between 1858 and 1898 the French acquired what came to be referred to as "Indochina." Official statistics recorded Hong Kong's population as having grown from 301,967 in 1906, to 456,739 in 1911, to 1,028,619 by 1938. Saigon reached 250,000 inhabitants in 1931. Hanoi's population grew from 86,000 in 1913, to just over 100,000 by 1924, and 127,880 by 1931.
-
-
-
-
11
-
-
70350447081
-
-
P. Douchet, Métis et congaies d'Indochine (Hanoi: N.p., 1928), 17-18.
-
P. Douchet, Métis et congaies d'Indochine (Hanoi: N.p., 1928), 17-18.
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
84887701723
-
-
N. J. Allen et al, eds, Oxford University Papers on India, Delhi: Oxford University Press
-
Richard Symonds, "Eurasians under British Rule," in, N. J. Allen et al., eds., Oxford University Papers on India, vol. 1, pt. 2 (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987), 28-29.
-
(1987)
Eurasians under British Rule
, vol.1
, Issue.PART. 2
, pp. 28-29
-
-
Symonds, R.1
-
13
-
-
70350447082
-
-
Un fonctionnaire hors cadre, Une oeuvre humanitaire, Le Courrier de Saigon (2 June 1894), 2.
-
"Un fonctionnaire hors cadre," "Une oeuvre humanitaire," Le Courrier de Saigon (2 June 1894), 2.
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
0003912688
-
-
Quoted in, rev. ed, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press
-
Quoted in G. B. Endacott, A History of Hong Kong, rev. ed. (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1973), 122.
-
(1973)
A History of Hong Kong
, pp. 122
-
-
Endacott, G.B.1
-
16
-
-
70350464233
-
-
James Dalziel, Chronicles of a Crown Colony (Hong Kong: South China Morning Post, 1907), 34-35, 38.
-
James Dalziel, Chronicles of a Crown Colony (Hong Kong: South China Morning Post, 1907), 34-35, 38.
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
70350459120
-
-
Quoted in, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press
-
Quoted in G. B. Endacott, A History of Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1964), 95, 122.
-
(1964)
A History of Hong Kong
, vol.95
, pp. 122
-
-
Endacott, G.B.1
-
18
-
-
70350482594
-
The Retort Courteous
-
8 Nov., 96
-
"The Retort Courteous," The China Punch (8 Nov. 1867), 96.
-
(1867)
The China Punch
-
-
-
19
-
-
70350435519
-
-
CO129/194, minute, Sir John Smale, 20 Oct. 1879
-
CO129/194, minute, Sir John Smale, 20 Oct. 1879.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
70350464237
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
21
-
-
70350439522
-
Un Conflit dans la société des métis
-
19 Dec., 3
-
"Un Conflit dans la société des métis," Le Courrier de Saigon (19 Dec. 1894), 3.
-
(1894)
Le Courrier de Saigon
-
-
-
23
-
-
70350455189
-
-
CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Grevosty, 24 Sept. 1898; CAOM, GG S.62 7701, letter, Firmin Jacques Montagne, 10 Nov. 1903; CO129/194, minute, Eitel, 1 Nov. 1879.
-
CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Grevosty, 24 Sept. 1898; CAOM, GG S.62 7701, letter, Firmin Jacques Montagne, 10 Nov. 1903; CO129/194, minute, Eitel, 1 Nov. 1879.
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
31144436236
-
The Social Explorer as Anthropologist: Victorian Travellers among the Urban Poor
-
William Sharpe and Leonard Wallock, eds, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
-
Deborah Epstein Nord, "The Social Explorer as Anthropologist: Victorian Travellers among the Urban Poor," in, William Sharpe and Leonard Wallock, eds., Visions of the Modern City: Essays in History, Art and Literature (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987), 123-24.
-
(1987)
Visions of the Modern City: Essays in History, Art and Literature
, pp. 123-124
-
-
Epstein Nord, D.1
-
25
-
-
70350459129
-
-
CO129/194, minute, Eitel, 1 Nov. 1879
-
CO129/194, minute, Eitel, 1 Nov. 1879.
-
-
-
-
26
-
-
70350455198
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
70350455195
-
-
Wellcome Library, London, MS. 1499, James Cantlie, Enquiry into the Life History of Eurasians, n.d. [c. 1889], 20. On such perils, see also, A. S. Krausse, The Far East: Its History and Its Questions (London: G. Richards, 1900), 184.
-
Wellcome Library, London, MS. 1499, James Cantlie, "Enquiry into the Life History of Eurasians," n.d. [c. 1889], 20. On such "perils," see also, A. S. Krausse, The Far East: Its History and Its Questions (London: G. Richards, 1900), 184.
-
-
-
-
28
-
-
70350435520
-
-
in China London: Smith, Elder and Co
-
Major Henry Knollys, English Life in China (London: Smith, Elder and Co, 1885), 49.
-
(1885)
English Life
, pp. 49
-
-
Henry Knollys, M.1
-
30
-
-
0042115776
-
Recent Thought on the Problem of White Acclimatization in the Wet Tropics
-
On the European home in the Tropics, see
-
On the European home in the Tropics, see Glenn T. Trewartha, "Recent Thought on the Problem of White Acclimatization in the Wet Tropics," Geographical Review 16, 3 (1926), 467.
-
(1926)
Geographical Review
, vol.16
, Issue.3
, pp. 467
-
-
Trewartha, G.T.1
-
31
-
-
84950023281
-
Concubinage and the Colonial Service: The Crewe Circular
-
On the Crewe Circular, see, May
-
On the Crewe Circular, see Ronald Hyam, "Concubinage and the Colonial Service: The Crewe Circular (1909)," The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 14, 3 (May 1986), 179.
-
(1986)
The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
, vol.14
, Issue.3
, pp. 179
-
-
Hyam, R.1
-
32
-
-
70350461807
-
-
London: John Murray
-
Sir George W. Des Voeux, My Colonial Service in British Guiana, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Fiji, Australia, New Foundland, and Hong Kong, with Interludes, vol. 2 (London: John Murray, 1903), 252.
-
(1903)
My Colonial Service in British Guiana, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Fiji, Australia, New Foundland, and Hong Kong, with Interludes
, vol.2
, pp. 252
-
-
Sir George, W.1
Voeux, D.2
-
34
-
-
70350461798
-
-
CO129/327, Daily Press article, 29 Mar. 1904, 43
-
CO129/327, Daily Press article, 29 Mar. 1904, 43.
-
-
-
-
35
-
-
70350447076
-
-
CO129/443, minutes of meeting of Legislative Council, 19 Apr. 1924, 19; CO129/443, Hongkong Government Gazette 19 Apr. 1904, 20
-
CO129/443, minutes of meeting of Legislative Council, 19 Apr. 1924, 19; CO129/443, Hongkong Government Gazette (19 Apr. 1904), 20.
-
-
-
-
36
-
-
70350464239
-
-
Ibid., 18; Hongkong Government Gazette (29 Apr. 1904), 752.
-
Ibid., 18; Hongkong Government Gazette (29 Apr. 1904), 752.
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
70350447077
-
-
CO129/322, letter, Francis Henry May to C. P. Lucas, 7 May 1904, 780-81
-
CO129/322, letter, Francis Henry May to C. P. Lucas, 7 May 1904, 780-81.
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
70350459125
-
-
letter, Helena May, 28 Jan
-
Rhodes House, Oxford, MS Nathan 340, letter, Helena May, 28 Jan. 1906.
-
(1906)
Oxford, MS Nathan
, vol.340
-
-
House, R.1
-
39
-
-
70350451853
-
-
CO129/443, letter, F. H. May, 5 Sept. 1917, 4
-
CO129/443, letter, F. H. May, 5 Sept. 1917, 4.
-
-
-
-
40
-
-
70350447079
-
-
May acknowledged the lack of outspoken support for the amendment among Chinese members of Legislative Council. CO129/447, letter, F. H. May, 24 Jan. 1918, 1.
-
May acknowledged the lack of "outspoken support" for the amendment among Chinese members of Legislative Council. CO129/447, letter, F. H. May, 24 Jan. 1918, 1.
-
-
-
-
41
-
-
70350441722
-
-
CO129/443 Letter, F. H. May, 5 Sept. 1917, 6
-
CO129/443 Letter, F. H. May, 5 Sept. 1917, 6.
-
-
-
-
42
-
-
70350461803
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
43
-
-
70350437692
-
It is probable that Mr. Ho Kom-tong's intention, in acquiring a house at the Peak, is to place his wives, concubines, and children there
-
Ibid, 385
-
May warned, "It is probable that Mr. Ho Kom-tong's intention, in acquiring a house at the Peak, is to place his wives, concubines, and children there." Ibid., 385.
-
-
-
May warned1
-
44
-
-
70350437688
-
-
For May, It would be little short of a calamity if an alien and, by European standards, a semi-civilised race were allowed to drive the white man from the one area in Hongkong, in which he can live with his wife and children in a white man's healthy surroundings. Ibid., 387-88, 390.
-
For May, "It would be little short of a calamity if an alien and, by European standards, a semi-civilised race were allowed to drive the white man from the one area in Hongkong, in which he can live with his wife and children in a white man's healthy surroundings." Ibid., 387-88, 390.
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
70350461800
-
-
At times, May contended, There is in the Colony a not inconsiderable number of Eurasians who are to all intents and purposes Chinese in their habits and customs. CO129/443, letter, F. H. May, 5 Sept. 1917. At others, this group was referred to as Europeanised Chinese. See CO129/09, pp. 10-11, minute 1914
-
At times, May contended, "There is in the Colony a not inconsiderable number of Eurasians who are to all intents and purposes Chinese in their habits and customs." CO129/443, letter, F. H. May, 5 Sept. 1917. At others, this group was referred to as "Europeanised Chinese." See CO129/09, pp. 10-11, minute 1914.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
36148951567
-
-
On similar anxieties in British India see
-
On similar anxieties in British India see Buettner, Empire Families 87-88.
-
Empire Families
, pp. 87-88
-
-
Buettner1
-
47
-
-
70350433361
-
-
The home government feared that the amendment would infringe the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation signed with the Japanese government on 3 April 1911, which permitted Japanese to own or occupy houses in the same manner as native subjects. CO129/447, minute, G. Grindle, 26 Apr. 1918
-
The home government feared that the amendment would infringe the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation signed with the Japanese government on 3 April 1911, which permitted Japanese to "own or occupy houses in the same manner as native subjects." CO129/447, minute, G. Grindle, 26 Apr. 1918.
-
-
-
-
49
-
-
70350451852
-
-
On prestige, see The Empire of Law: Dignity, Prestige and Domination in the 'Colonial Situation,' French Politics, Culture & Society 20, 2 (Summer 2002), 99-100.
-
On prestige, see "The Empire of Law: Dignity, Prestige and Domination in the 'Colonial Situation,'" French Politics, Culture & Society 20, 2 (Summer 2002), 99-100.
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
70350461806
-
-
CAOM, GG S.62 7701, letter, Brou, 9 Nov. 1904.
-
CAOM, GG S.62 7701, letter, Brou, 9 Nov. 1904.
-
-
-
-
51
-
-
70350448544
-
-
CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Grevosty, 24 Sept. 1898.
-
CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Grevosty, 24 Sept. 1898.
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
70350444828
-
-
Paris: Imprimerie Nationale
-
Louis Salaun, L'Indochine (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1903), 385.
-
(1903)
L'Indochine
, pp. 385
-
-
Salaun, L.1
-
53
-
-
70350444833
-
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.771, report, director of finance, 7 May 1912.
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.771, report, director of finance, 7 May 1912.
-
-
-
-
54
-
-
70350433360
-
-
As one French administrator put it, In Indochina ... the paternity of the métis belongs in almost equal proportions to all ranks. CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Firmin Jacques Montagne, n.d. [c. 1904].
-
As one French administrator put it, "In Indochina ... the paternity of the métis belongs in almost equal proportions to all ranks." CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Firmin Jacques Montagne, n.d. [c. 1904].
-
-
-
-
55
-
-
70350442699
-
-
National Archives of Vietnam I, Hanoi (hereafter VNNA), RST D.638 30.148, newspaper extract, Betail humain, L'Avenir du Tonkin, 26 Oct. 1899.
-
National Archives of Vietnam I, Hanoi (hereafter VNNA), RST D.638 30.148, newspaper extract, "Betail humain," L'Avenir du Tonkin, 26 Oct. 1899.
-
-
-
-
56
-
-
70350435526
-
-
CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Grevosty, 24 Sept. 1898; CAOM, GG S.62 7701, letter, Firmin Jacques Montagne, 10 Nov. 1903; CAOM, GG S.62 7701, letter, Be'renguier, 29 Jan. 1904.
-
CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Grevosty, 24 Sept. 1898; CAOM, GG S.62 7701, letter, Firmin Jacques Montagne, 10 Nov. 1903; CAOM, GG S.62 7701, letter, Be'renguier, 29 Jan. 1904.
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
70350441718
-
-
Grevosty remarked in 1897, We are, among all the people of the world, the nation reputed for its high moral mindedness ... we must colonise by ... moral influence ... by moral influence I mean acts of an irreproachable rectitude. CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Grevosty, 24 Sept. 1898.
-
Grevosty remarked in 1897, "We are, among all the people of the world, the nation reputed for its high moral mindedness ... we must colonise by ... moral influence ... by moral influence I mean acts of an irreproachable rectitude." CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Grevosty, 24 Sept. 1898.
-
-
-
-
58
-
-
70350435529
-
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.771, Notre devoir envers les enfants métis, Les Annales Coloniales (11 Jan. 1913).
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.771, "Notre devoir envers les enfants métis," Les Annales Coloniales (11 Jan. 1913).
-
-
-
-
60
-
-
70350447080
-
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.771, note, Chef du Service Administratif, 24 July 1912.
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.771, note, Chef du Service Administratif, 24 July 1912.
-
-
-
-
61
-
-
85007958991
-
Some Observations on Race Mixture in Hong Kong
-
G. Alabaster, "Some Observations on Race Mixture in Hong Kong," Eugenics Review 11 (1920), 248.
-
(1920)
Eugenics Review
, vol.11
, pp. 248
-
-
Alabaster, G.1
-
62
-
-
70350459127
-
-
CO129/410, letter, Lewis Harcourt, 22 Apr. 1914
-
CO129/410, letter, Lewis Harcourt, 22 Apr. 1914.
-
-
-
-
63
-
-
70350447078
-
-
On the Eurasian community, see CO129/447, letter, F. H. May, 24 Jan. 1918; CO129/447, minute, AB Peak Reservation Bill 5 May 1918. In 1919, a group describing themselves as British subjects of pure European descent protested to the Colonial Office at being outbid by certain wealthy Chinese Eurasians in a land auction CO129/460, letter, Reginald E. Stubbs, 19 Mar. 1920; CO129/460, letter, Neilage S. Brown, 12 Nov. 1919.
-
On the Eurasian "community," see CO129/447, letter, F. H. May, 24 Jan. 1918; CO129/447, minute, AB "Peak Reservation Bill" 5 May 1918. In 1919, a group describing themselves as "British subjects of pure European descent" protested to the Colonial Office at being outbid by "certain wealthy Chinese Eurasians" in a land auction CO129/460, letter, Reginald E. Stubbs, 19 Mar. 1920; CO129/460, letter, Neilage S. Brown, 12 Nov. 1919.
-
-
-
-
64
-
-
70350455192
-
-
CO129/478, letter, Reginald E. Stubbs, 16 Sept. 1922. Stubbs worried about this group's excessive influence. CO129/460, letter, R. E. Stubbs, 19 Mar. 1920; CO129/462, letter, R. E. Stubbs, 29 July 1920
-
CO129/478, letter, Reginald E. Stubbs, 16 Sept. 1922. Stubbs worried about this group's "excessive" influence. CO129/460, letter, R. E. Stubbs, 19 Mar. 1920; CO129/462, letter, R. E. Stubbs, 29 July 1920.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
85007327957
-
Muscular, Militaristic and Manly
-
J. A. Mangan, "Muscular, Militaristic and Manly," International Journal of the History of Sport 13, 1 (1996), 28-47.
-
(1996)
International Journal of the History of Sport
, vol.13
, Issue.1
, pp. 28-47
-
-
Mangan, J.A.1
-
66
-
-
70350455193
-
-
Young China means hot-headedness and irresponsibility, claimed Edward H. Hume in Young China (New York, 1927), 446
-
"Young China means hot-headedness and irresponsibility," claimed Edward H. Hume in Young China (New York, 1927), 446
-
-
-
-
67
-
-
70350439525
-
-
The Secretary for Chinese Affairs in Hong Kong warned in 1925 that the wilder elements of student circles were, clearly determined on trouble. D.W. Tratman, Report of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs for the Year 1925, Hong Kong Administrative Report (1925), 16.
-
The Secretary for Chinese Affairs in Hong Kong warned in 1925 that the "wilder elements" of student circles were, "clearly determined on trouble." D.W. Tratman, "Report of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs for the Year 1925," Hong Kong Administrative Report (1925), 16.
-
-
-
-
68
-
-
70350437691
-
-
Chinese and British elites each formed their own exclusive social world. John M. Carroll, Edge of Empires: Chinese Elites and British Colonials in Hong Kong (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005), 18, 31, 97.
-
Chinese and British elites each formed their "own exclusive social world." John M. Carroll, Edge of Empires: Chinese Elites and British Colonials in Hong Kong (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005), 18, 31, 97.
-
-
-
-
69
-
-
70350448543
-
-
In 1920 Governor Sir Reginald Stubbs voiced concern that respectable Chinese, habitually refer to this class of person as 'the bastards, CO129/462, letter, R. E. Stubbs, 29 July 1920
-
In 1920 Governor Sir Reginald Stubbs voiced concern that respectable Chinese, "habitually refer to this class of person as 'the bastards.'" CO129/462, letter, R. E. Stubbs, 29 July 1920.
-
-
-
-
70
-
-
70350455190
-
-
CO129/489 Robert Kotewall, Report, 24 Oct. 1925, 455-56
-
CO129/489 Robert Kotewall, Report, 24 Oct. 1925, 455-56.
-
-
-
-
71
-
-
70350442698
-
-
Kotewall recruited Pun Wai-chau, the oldest and ablest of Chinese editors, to write propaganda articles. CO129/489, report, Robert Kotewall, 24 Oct. 1925, 432, 446, 458.
-
Kotewall recruited Pun Wai-chau, "the oldest and ablest" of Chinese editors, to write propaganda articles. CO129/489, report, Robert Kotewall, 24 Oct. 1925, 432, 446, 458.
-
-
-
-
73
-
-
70350459124
-
-
Rhodes House, Oxford, MS, Nathan, 352 (f. 79), A Visit to Hongkong & Canton: British Colony Not So Badly Hit, The China Express and Telegraph, 17 June 1926.
-
Rhodes House, Oxford, MS, Nathan, 352 (f. 79), "A Visit to Hongkong & Canton: British Colony Not So Badly Hit," The China Express and Telegraph, 17 June 1926.
-
-
-
-
74
-
-
70350447074
-
-
Kotewall was appointed President of the Hong Kong Boy Scouts Association and awarded an honorary degree by the University of Hong Kong, in 1926. He was also appointed to the Order of
-
Kotewall was appointed President of the Hong Kong Boy Scouts Association and awarded an honorary degree by the University of Hong Kong, in 1926. He was also appointed to the Order of
-
-
-
-
75
-
-
70350455186
-
-
St. Michael and St. George (1927), became a member of the Executive Council (1936), and was awarded the title of Knight Bachelor (1938).
-
St. Michael and St. George (1927), became a member of the Executive Council (1936), and was awarded the title of Knight Bachelor (1938).
-
-
-
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76
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-
70350459119
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-
The Indian-born Armenian businessman Sir Catchick Paul Chater (1846-1926) was the first to have been referred to in this way. Irene Cheng, Clara Ho Tung: A Hong Kong Lady, Her Family and Her Times (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1976), 1
-
The Indian-born Armenian businessman Sir Catchick Paul Chater (1846-1926) was the first to have been referred to in this way. Irene Cheng, Clara Ho Tung: A Hong Kong Lady, Her Family and Her Times (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1976), 1
-
-
-
-
77
-
-
33645888677
-
Colonial Hong Kong as a Cultural-Historical Place
-
John M. Carroll, "Colonial Hong Kong as a Cultural-Historical Place," Modern Asian Studies 40, 2 (2006), 534.
-
(2006)
Modern Asian Studies
, vol.40
, Issue.2
, pp. 534
-
-
Carroll, J.M.1
-
79
-
-
70350433356
-
-
In 1920 the administrative official C. G. Alabaster had complained, It will not be easy to ... classify Major Long of Eton, Corpus and the Rifle Brigade, and his father Mr. Leung, the chairman of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce. Ibid.
-
In 1920 the administrative official C. G. Alabaster had complained, "It will not be easy to ... classify Major Long of Eton, Corpus and the Rifle Brigade, and his father Mr. Leung, the chairman of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce." Ibid.
-
-
-
-
80
-
-
70350455188
-
-
The League championed the retrieval of the term Eurasian from pejorative connotations. Peter Ho, The Welfare League: The Sixty Years, 1930-1990 (Hong Kong: The Welfare League, 1990), 1-4.
-
The League championed the retrieval of the term "Eurasian" from pejorative connotations. Peter Ho, The Welfare League: The Sixty Years, 1930-1990 (Hong Kong: The Welfare League, 1990), 1-4.
-
-
-
-
81
-
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70350439519
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-
Anderson, announced, We feel we are a community ... It has been said of us that we can have no unity, and since even the semi-civilised tribes of Africa have it, this, though palpably absurd, is a challenge to be faced and an insult to be wiped out ... With the blood of Old China mixed with that of Europe in us, we show the world that this fusion, to put it no higher, is not detrimental to good citizenship. Cited in Ho, The Welfare League, 8.
-
Anderson, announced, "We feel we are a community ... It has been said of us that we can have no unity, and since even the semi-civilised tribes of Africa have it, this, though palpably absurd, is a challenge to be faced and an insult to be wiped out ... With the blood of Old China mixed with that of Europe in us, we show the world that this fusion, to put it no higher, is not detrimental to good citizenship." Cited in Ho, The Welfare League, 8.
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-
-
-
82
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70350455184
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-
25 July
-
Hong Kong Hansard, 25 July 1940, 100.
-
(1940)
Hong Kong Hansard
, pp. 100
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-
-
83
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70350447071
-
-
Members of elite Eurasian families, notably Jean Gittins, Sir Robert Ho Tung's daughter, spent the war detained in the Japanese internment camp at Stanley. Jean Gittins, Eastern Windows - Western Skies (Hong Kong: South China Morning Post, 1969), 137-56.
-
Members of elite Eurasian families, notably Jean Gittins, Sir Robert Ho Tung's daughter, spent the war detained in the Japanese internment camp at Stanley. Jean Gittins, Eastern Windows - Western Skies (Hong Kong: South China Morning Post, 1969), 137-56.
-
-
-
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85
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70350433355
-
-
Sister Benjamin, of the Daughters of Saint Paul de Chartres, who ran Hong Kong's Asile de la Sainte-Enfance (est. 1848) created a similar institution in Saigon in June 1859. Jean Vaudon, Les Filles de Saint-Paul en Indochine (Chartres: Procure des Soeurs de Saint-Paul, 1931), 51.
-
Sister Benjamin, of the Daughters of Saint Paul de Chartres, who ran Hong Kong's Asile de la Sainte-Enfance (est. 1848) created a similar institution in Saigon in June 1859. Jean Vaudon, Les Filles de Saint-Paul en Indochine (Chartres: Procure des Soeurs de Saint-Paul, 1931), 51.
-
-
-
-
86
-
-
70350464235
-
-
VNNA, RST S.73 5557, table, May 1915; CAOM, GG S.62 7701, letter, Brou, 9 Nov. 1904.
-
VNNA, RST S.73 5557, table, May 1915; CAOM, GG S.62 7701, letter, Brou, 9 Nov. 1904.
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-
-
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87
-
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70350455183
-
-
Saigon and Hanoi were declared French cities, the former as capital of the French colony of Cochinchina, the latter, anomalously, as an island of Frenchness within the protectorate of Tonkin. CAOM, GG E.90 3.139, report, Résident Supérieur au Tonkin, 27 Aug. 1909. On milieu, see Paul Rabinow, French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1989), 126-67.
-
Saigon and Hanoi were declared French cities, the former as capital of the French colony of Cochinchina, the latter, anomalously, as an island of "Frenchness" within the protectorate of Tonkin. CAOM, GG E.90 3.139, report, Résident Supérieur au Tonkin, 27 Aug. 1909. On milieu, see Paul Rabinow, French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1989), 126-67.
-
-
-
-
88
-
-
70350459123
-
-
CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Société de Protection et d'education des Jeunes Métis français de la Cochinchine et du Cambodge, 20 Feb. 1898.
-
CAOM, GG S.62 7701, report, Société de Protection et d'education des Jeunes Métis français de la Cochinchine et du Cambodge, 20 Feb. 1898.
-
-
-
-
90
-
-
70350455178
-
-
In Hong Kong's French-run Asile de la Sainte-Enfance children could be, taken away, and may be seen and handled by their parents whenever they feel disposed to call. Argus, L'Asile de la Sainte Enfance, 1902, 15.
-
In Hong Kong's French-run Asile de la Sainte-Enfance children could be, "taken away, and may be seen and handled by their parents whenever they feel disposed to call." Argus, L'Asile de la Sainte Enfance, 1902, 15.
-
-
-
-
91
-
-
70350444826
-
-
Certain institutions claimed to provide for those of mixed parentage. Ibid., 8
-
Certain institutions claimed to provide for those of "mixed parentage." Ibid., 8
-
-
-
-
93
-
-
70350450671
-
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.771, note, Chef du Service Administratif, 24 July 1912.
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.771, note, Chef du Service Administratif, 24 July 1912.
-
-
-
-
94
-
-
70350444824
-
-
Naturalisation was expensive to pursue and awarded only exceptionally. Pierre Guillaume, Les Métis en Indochine, Annales de démographie historique (1995), 189
-
Naturalisation was expensive to pursue and awarded only exceptionally. Pierre Guillaume, "Les Métis en Indochine," Annales de démographie historique (1995), 189
-
-
-
-
96
-
-
70350461793
-
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.771 Notre devoir envers les enfants métis, Les Annales Coloniales 11 Jan. 1913; CAOM, GG S.63 16.771, note, Batault, 24 July 1912.
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.771 "Notre devoir envers les enfants métis," Les Annales Coloniales 11 Jan. 1913; CAOM, GG S.63 16.771, note, Batault, 24 July 1912.
-
-
-
-
97
-
-
70350450673
-
Les métis franco-annamites
-
Albert Sambuc, "Les métis franco-annamites," Revue du Pacifique 4-5 (1931), 270
-
(1931)
Revue du Pacifique
, vol.4-5
, pp. 270
-
-
Sambuc, A.1
-
98
-
-
70350461791
-
-
Jacques Mazet suggested, mixing with metropolitan children less faithful to prejudices of race than the colonials. Eurasian children would be removed from cruel ridicule. Mazet, La Condition juridique des métis, 14
-
Jacques Mazet suggested, "mixing with metropolitan children less faithful to prejudices of race than the colonials." Eurasian children "would be removed from cruel ridicule." Mazet, La Condition juridique des métis, 14
-
-
-
-
100
-
-
70350482586
-
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.776, letter, Révérony, 7 Dec. 1923; CAOM, GG S.63 16.773, letter, Révérony, 8 Jan. 1923. Protection Societies sent pupils to France before the age of fourteen, because beyond this age, the character is fixed. Sambuc, Les métis, 270.
-
CAOM, GG S.63 16.776, letter, Révérony, 7 Dec. 1923; CAOM, GG S.63 16.773, letter, Révérony, 8 Jan. 1923. Protection Societies sent pupils to France before the age of fourteen, "because beyond this age, the character is fixed." Sambuc, "Les métis," 270.
-
-
-
-
101
-
-
70350435511
-
-
VNNA, RST S.72 48.373, letter, Révérony, 13 Nov. 1923; VNNA, GG T.34 S.63 5328, letter, Tissot, 17 July 1925.
-
VNNA, RST S.72 48.373, letter, Révérony, 13 Nov. 1923; VNNA, GG T.34 S.63 5328, letter, Tissot, 17 July 1925.
-
-
-
-
105
-
-
70350441711
-
-
VNNA, RST S.73 71816, report, Le Problème Eurasien au Tonkin, 1937, 32.
-
VNNA, RST S.73 71816, report, "Le Problème Eurasien au Tonkin," 1937, 32.
-
-
-
-
106
-
-
70350435518
-
-
The lack of interest shown in older cohorts of Eurasians through the period, by contrast, is striking. VNNA, RST S.73 71816, report, Résident Supérieur du Tonkin, Le Problème Eurasien au Tonkin, 1937, 65.
-
The lack of interest shown in older cohorts of Eurasians through the period, by contrast, is striking. VNNA, RST S.73 71816, report, Résident Supérieur du Tonkin, "Le Problème Eurasien au Tonkin," 1937, 65.
-
-
-
-
108
-
-
70350442696
-
-
Société de Protection des Métis d'Annam, Hué: Imprimerie Mirador
-
Société de Protection des Métis d'Annam, Société de protection des métis d'Annam (Hué: Imprimerie Mirador, 1941), 68
-
(1941)
Société de protection des métis d'Annam
, pp. 68
-
-
-
110
-
-
70350433354
-
-
League of Nations Archive, Geneva, S173bis, Le Péril vénérien et la prostitution à Hanoi, Bulletin de la Société Medico-Chirurgicale de l'Indochine (June 1930), 464.
-
League of Nations Archive, Geneva, S173bis, "Le Péril vénérien et la prostitution à Hanoi," Bulletin de la Société Medico-Chirurgicale de l'Indochine (June 1930), 464.
-
-
-
-
111
-
-
70350441713
-
La Condition juridique des métis dans les colonies françaises
-
25 Mar., 146
-
"La Condition juridique des métis dans les colonies françaises," La Quinzaine Coloniale (25 Mar. 1933), 146.
-
(1933)
La Quinzaine Coloniale
-
-
-
113
-
-
70350433351
-
-
See also, Saigon: Portail
-
See also Henri Bonvicini, Enfants de la colonie (Saigon: Portail, 1938), 36-37, 45.
-
(1938)
Enfants de la colonie
, vol.36-37
, pp. 45
-
-
Bonvicini, H.1
-
114
-
-
70350459115
-
-
Léo Craste, principal architect of the Batiments Civils de l'Indochine, condemned the entangled state of native and European quarters in Hanoi, and mused upon the hypothesis that Hanoi could be destroyed by the floods of the Red River, and could be re-planned in its entirety. In the meantime, Craste advised that military installations be relocated closer to the European quarter in case of trouble. Léo Craste, Un Nouvel Hanoi, 22 Vie Urbaine (1934), 243-44, 253.
-
Léo Craste, principal architect of the Batiments Civils de l'Indochine, condemned the "entangled" state of native and European quarters in Hanoi, and mused upon "the hypothesis that Hanoi could be destroyed by the floods of the Red River," and could be re-planned in its entirety. In the meantime, Craste advised that military installations be relocated closer to the European quarter "in case of trouble." Léo Craste, "Un Nouvel Hanoi," 22 Vie Urbaine (1934), 243-44, 253.
-
-
-
-
116
-
-
70350437685
-
-
Justin Godart, Rapport de mission en Indochine: Ler janvier-14 mars 1937. Repr. (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1994), 159.
-
Justin Godart, Rapport de mission en Indochine: Ler janvier-14 mars 1937. Repr. (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1994), 159.
-
-
-
-
118
-
-
70350435514
-
-
VNNA, RST S.73 71816, report, Résident Supérieur du Tonkin, Le Problème Eurasien au Tonkin, 1937, 91.
-
VNNA, RST S.73 71816, report, Résident Supérieur du Tonkin, "Le Problème Eurasien au Tonkin," 1937, 91.
-
-
-
-
119
-
-
70350447070
-
-
Female adolescence emerged as a feature of Republican political symbolism at the turn of the century and by the 1920s the novel of adolescence had become a recognisable genre. Justin O'Brien, The Novel of Adolescence in France Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939
-
Female adolescence emerged as a feature of Republican political symbolism at the turn of the century and by the 1920s the "novel of adolescence" had become a recognisable genre. Justin O'Brien, The Novel of Adolescence in France (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939)
-
-
-
-
120
-
-
56249089002
-
A Muse for the Masses': Gender, Age and Nation in France Fin-de-Siècle
-
David M. Pomfret, "'A Muse for the Masses': Gender, Age and Nation in France Fin-de-Siècle" American Historical Review 109, 5 (2004), 1439-74.
-
(2004)
American Historical Review
, vol.109
, Issue.1439-1474
, pp. 5
-
-
Pomfret, D.M.1
-
121
-
-
70350461796
-
-
As those of French nationality and race in Indochina declined in the 1930s in absolute terms, the number of legitimate or recognized métis grew to around 2,200. VNNA, RST S.73 71816, report, Résident Supérieur du Tonkin, Le Problème Eurasien au Tonkin, 1937, 65.
-
As those of French "nationality and race" in Indochina declined in the 1930s in absolute terms, the number of "legitimate" or "recognized" métis grew to around 2,200. VNNA, RST S.73 71816, report, Résident Supérieur du Tonkin, "Le Problème Eurasien au Tonkin," 1937, 65.
-
-
-
-
126
-
-
70350459114
-
The Study of Racial Mixture in the British Commonwealth
-
On the comparative lack of interest on the British side see, Jan
-
On the comparative lack of interest on the British side see K. L. Little, "The Study of Racial Mixture in the British Commonwealth," The Eugenics Review 32, 4 (Jan. 1941), 114-15.
-
(1941)
The Eugenics Review
, vol.32
, Issue.4
, pp. 114-115
-
-
Little, K.L.1
-
127
-
-
70350482591
-
-
VNNA, GGI S.73 00505, Société d'assistance aux enfants franco-indochinois, Assemblee générale annuelle ordinaire du 4 avril 1939 (Hanoi, 1939), 7.
-
VNNA, GGI S.73 00505, Société d'assistance aux enfants franco-indochinois, Assemblee générale annuelle ordinaire du 4 avril 1939 (Hanoi, 1939), 7.
-
-
-
-
128
-
-
29144486625
-
From Indochine to Indochic: The Lang Bian/Dalat Palace Hotel and French Colonial Leisure, Power and Culture
-
On Dalat, see
-
On Dalat, see Eric Jennings, "From Indochine to Indochic: The Lang Bian/Dalat Palace Hotel and French Colonial Leisure, Power and Culture," Modern Asian Studies 37, 1 (2003), 159-94.
-
(2003)
Modern Asian Studies
, vol.37
, Issue.1
, pp. 159-194
-
-
Jennings, E.1
-
129
-
-
70350451849
-
-
An École des Enfants de Troupe in Dalat was created formally by arrêté on 27 June 1939. CAOM, RSTNF Q49 03461 Arrêté, 5 July 1939; Fondation Jules Brévié, Fondation Brévié, 195, 199.
-
An École des Enfants de Troupe in Dalat was created formally by arrêté on 27 June 1939. CAOM, RSTNF Q49 03461 Arrêté, 5 July 1939; Fondation Jules Brévié, Fondation Brévié, 195, 199.
-
-
-
-
130
-
-
70350439515
-
-
As Lieutenant Colonel Belloc of the Foreign Legion put it, We must care for these children from their birth and remove them as early as possible from the vulgar annamite milieu in which they generally live. From age two it is absolutely essential that they are taken from the mother; after this age it is too late. VNNA, S.73 89, letter, Belloc, 12 Nov. 1942.
-
As Lieutenant Colonel Belloc of the Foreign Legion put it, "We must care for these children from their birth and remove them as early as possible from the vulgar annamite milieu in which they generally live. From age two it is absolutely essential that they are taken from the mother; after this age it is too late." VNNA, S.73 89, letter, Belloc, 12 Nov. 1942.
-
-
-
-
131
-
-
70350433352
-
-
The census indicated there were 1,548 known Eurasians in Tonkin. VNNA, GGI S.73 88, letter, Decoux, 16 Apr. 1943.
-
The census indicated there were 1,548 known Eurasians in Tonkin. VNNA, GGI S.73 88, letter, Decoux, 16 Apr. 1943.
-
-
-
-
133
-
-
70350447069
-
-
VNNA, GGI S.6 471, letter, Chauvet, 5 Jan. 1945.
-
VNNA, GGI S.6 471, letter, Chauvet, 5 Jan. 1945.
-
-
-
-
134
-
-
70350464231
-
-
In Indochina institutions for the protection of métis became conduits for the integration of young males into the military. Saada, Les Enfants de la colonie, 232-34.
-
In Indochina institutions for the protection of métis became conduits for the integration of young males into the military. Saada, Les Enfants de la colonie, 232-34.
-
-
-
-
135
-
-
70350451850
-
Fondation Brévié
-
Dec
-
Fondation Jules Brévié, Fondation Brévié, 199. VNNA, GGI S73 00095, letter, Decoux, Dec. 1944.
-
(1944)
VNNA, GGI S73 00095, letter, Decoux
, vol.199
-
-
Jules Brévié, F.1
|