메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 101-112

Heart disease is common in humans and chimpanzees, but is caused by different pathological processes

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Evolution; Great ape; Heart attacks; Heart disease; Heart failure; Hominids; Myocardial fibrosis

Indexed keywords


EID: 70350302379     PISSN: 17524563     EISSN: 17524571     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00064.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (97)

References (76)
  • 2
    • 34247194155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein E4 in macrophages enhances atherogenesis in a low density lipoprotein receptor-dependent manner
    • Altenburg, M., L. Johnson, J. Wilder, and N. Maeda. 2007. Apolipoprotein E4 in macrophages enhances atherogenesis in a low density lipoprotein receptor-dependent manner. Journal of Biological Chemistry 282:7817-7824.
    • (2007) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.282 , pp. 7817-7824
    • Altenburg, M.1    Johnson, L.2    Wilder, J.3    Maeda, N.4
  • 5
    • 0016916195 scopus 로고
    • The nonhuman primates as models for studying human atherosclerosis: Studies on the chimpanzee, the baboon and the rhesus macacus
    • Blaton, V., and H. Peeters. 1976. The nonhuman primates as models for studying human atherosclerosis: studies on the chimpanzee, the baboon and the rhesus macacus. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 67:33-64.
    • (1976) Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology , vol.67 , pp. 33-64
    • Blaton, V.1    Peeters, H.2
  • 6
    • 43049159743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of chronic coronary disease: Is the pendulum returning to equipoise?
    • Boden, W. E. 2008. Management of chronic coronary disease: is the pendulum returning to equipoise? American Journal of Cardiology 101:69D-74D.
    • (2008) American Journal of Cardiology , vol.101
    • Boden, W.E.1
  • 7
    • 9244222260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endurance running and the evolution of homo
    • Bramble, D. M., and D. E. Lieberman. 2004. Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Nature 432:345-352.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 345-352
    • Bramble, D.M.1    Lieberman, D.E.2
  • 8
    • 52749098189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential roles of cardiomyocyte and macrophage peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in cardiac fibrosis
    • Caglayan, E., B. Stauber, A. R. Collins, C. J. Lyon, Yin. F et al. 2008. Differential roles of cardiomyocyte and macrophage peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in cardiac fibrosis. Diabetes 57:2470-2479.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 2470-2479
    • Caglayan, E.1    Stauber, B.2    Collins, A.R.3    Lyon, C.J.4    Yin, F.5
  • 9
    • 0034807277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous plaque rupture and secondary thrombosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient and LDL receptor-deficient mice
    • Calara, F., M. Silvestre, F. Casanada, N. Yuan, C. Napoli et al. 2001. Spontaneous plaque rupture and secondary thrombosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient and LDL receptor- deficient mice. Journal of Pathology 195:257-263.
    • (2001) Journal of Pathology , vol.195 , pp. 257-263
    • Calara, F.1    Silvestre, M.2    Casanada, F.3    Yuan, N.4    Napoli, C.5
  • 10
    • 51749105639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the evidence for the clinical utility of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as a cardiovascular risk marker
    • Corson, M. A., P. H. Jones, and M. H. Davidson. 2008. Review of the evidence for the clinical utility of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as a cardiovascular risk marker. American Journal of Cardiology 101:41F-50F.
    • (2008) American Journal of Cardiology , vol.101
    • Corson, M.A.1    Jones, P.H.2    Davidson, M.H.3
  • 11
    • 15644368864 scopus 로고
    • Mortality factors in captive gorillas (gorilla gorilla)
    • Cousins, D. 1983. Mortality factors in captive gorillas (Gorilla gorilla). International Zoo News 30:5-17.
    • (1983) International Zoo News , vol.30 , pp. 5-17
    • Cousins, D.1
  • 12
    • 48249093075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood
    • Daniels, S. R., and F. R. Greer. 2008. Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood. Pediatrics 122:198-208.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122 , pp. 198-208
    • Daniels, S.R.1    Greer, F.R.2
  • 13
    • 0021244574 scopus 로고
    • Thrombosis and acute coronary-artery lesions in sudden cardiac ischemic death
    • Davies, M. J., and A. Thomas. 1984. Thrombosis and acute coronary-artery lesions in sudden cardiac ischemic death. New England Journal of Medicine 310:1137-1140.
    • (1984) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.310 , pp. 1137-1140
    • Davies, M.J.1    Thomas, A.2
  • 14
  • 16
    • 33845606291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiogram abnormalities in captive chimpanzees (pan troglodytes)
    • Doane, C. J., D. R. Lee, and M. M. Sleeper. 2006. Electrocardiogram abnormalities in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Comparative Medicine 56:512-518.
    • (2006) Comparative Medicine , vol.56 , pp. 512-518
    • Doane, C.J.1    Lee, D.R.2    Sleeper, M.M.3
  • 17
    • 0028181875 scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein[a] in the chimpanezee: Relationship of apo[a] phenotype to elevated plasma Lp[a] levels
    • Doucet, C., T. Huby, J. Chapman, and J. Thillet. 1994. Lipoprotein[a] in the chimpanezee: relationship of apo[a] phenotype to elevated plasma Lp[a] levels. Journal of Lipid Research 35:263-270.
    • (1994) Journal of Lipid Research , vol.35 , pp. 263-270
    • Doucet, C.1    Huby, T.2    Chapman, J.3    Thillet, J.4
  • 18
    • 17144380822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome
    • Eckel, R. H., S. M. Grundy, and P. Z. Zimmet. 2005. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 365:1415-1428.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1415-1428
    • Eckel, R.H.1    Grundy, S.M.2    Zimmet, P.Z.3
  • 19
    • 0027497548 scopus 로고
    • Relation of apolipoprotein e phenotype to myocardial infarction and mortality from coronary artery disease
    • Eichner, J. E., L. H. Kuller, T. J. Orchard, G. A. Grandits, L. M. McCallum et al. 1993. Relation of apolipoprotein E phenotype to myocardial infarction and mortality from coronary artery disease. American Journal of Cardiology 71:160-165.
    • (1993) American Journal of Cardiology , vol.71 , pp. 160-165
    • Eichner, J.E.1    Kuller, L.H.2    Orchard, T.J.3    Grandits, G.A.4    McCallum, L.M.5
  • 20
    • 34848819951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in salt intake affects blood pressure of chimpanzees: Implications for human populations
    • Elliott, P., L. L. Walker, M. P. Little, J. R. Blair-West, R. E. Shade et al. 2007. Change in salt intake affects blood pressure of chimpanzees: implications for human populations. Circulation 116:1563-1568.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 1563-1568
    • Elliott, P.1    Walker, L.L.2    Little, M.P.3    Blair-West, J.R.4    Shade, R.E.5
  • 21
    • 0036224642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and coronary heart disease
    • Escobar, E. 2002. Hypertension and coronary heart disease. Journal of Human Hypertension 16(Suppl. 1):S61-S63.
    • (2002) Journal of Human Hypertension , vol.16 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Escobar, E.1
  • 23
    • 0029097673 scopus 로고
    • Sudden coronary death Frequency of active coronary lesions, inactive coronary lesions, and myocardial infarction
    • Farb, A., A. L. Tang, A. P. Burke, L. Sessums, Y. Liang et al. 1995. Sudden coronary death. Frequency of active coronary lesions, inactive coronary lesions, and myocardial infarction. Circulation 92:1701-1709.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1701-1709
    • Farb, A.1    Tang, A.L.2    Burke, A.P.3    Sessums, L.4    Liang, Y.5
  • 24
    • 42649113092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio as a valuable tool to evaluate coronary heart disease risk
    • Fernandez, M. L., and D. Webb. 2008. The LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio as a valuable tool to evaluate coronary heart disease risk. Journal ofthe American College ofNutrition 27:1-5.
    • (2008) Journal of the American College of Nutrition , vol.27 , pp. 1-5
    • Fernandez, M.L.1    Webb, D.2
  • 25
    • 0035936802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atherosclerosis. the road ahead
    • Glass, C. K., and J. L. Witztum. 2001. Atherosclerosis. the road ahead. Cell 104:503-516.
    • (2001) Cell , vol.104 , pp. 503-516
    • Glass, C.K.1    Witztum, J.L.2
  • 26
    • 33746920337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced glycation end products: Sparking the development of diabetic vascular injury
    • Goldin, A., J. A. Beckman, A. M. Schmidt, and M. A. Creager. 2006. Advanced glycation end products: sparking the development of diabetic vascular injury. Circulation 114:597-605.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 597-605
    • Goldin, A.1    Beckman, J.A.2    Schmidt, A.M.3    Creager, M.A.4
  • 29
    • 0033039498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of ancestral alleles for human single- nucleotide polymorphisms using high-density oligonucleo-tide arrays [see comments]
    • Hacia, J. G., J. B. Fan, O. Ryder, L. Jin, K. Edgemon et al. 1999. Determination of ancestral alleles for human single-nucleotide polymorphisms using high-density oligonucleo-tide arrays [see comments]. Nature Genetics 22:164-167.
    • (1999) Nature Genetics , vol.22 , pp. 164-167
    • Hacia, J.G.1    Fan, J.B.2    Ryder, O.3    Jin, L.4    Edgemon, K.5
  • 30
    • 0027367132 scopus 로고
    • Clinical parameters of the normal baboons (papio species) and chimpanzees (pan troglodytes)
    • Hainsey, B. M., G. B. Hubbard, M. M. Leland, and K. M. Brasky. 1993. Clinical parameters of the normal baboons (Papio species) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Laboratory Animal Science 43:236-243.
    • (1993) Laboratory Animal Science , vol.43 , pp. 236-243
    • Hainsey, B.M.1    Hubbard, G.B.2    Leland, M.M.3    Brasky, K.M.4
  • 31
    • 0028799668 scopus 로고
    • Arginine residues at codons 112 and 158 in the apolipoprotein e gene correspond to the ancestral state in humans
    • Hanlon, C. S., and D. C. Rubinsztein. 1995. Arginine residues at codons 112 and 158 in the apolipoprotein E gene correspond to the ancestral state in humans. Atherosclerosis 112:85-90.
    • (1995) Atherosclerosis , vol.112 , pp. 85-90
    • Hanlon, C.S.1    Rubinsztein, D.C.2
  • 32
    • 0021489478 scopus 로고
    • Diffuse myocardial fibrosis and congestive heart failure in an adult male chimpanzee
    • Hansen, J. F., P. L. Alford, and M. E. Keeling. 1984. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis and congestive heart failure in an adult male chimpanzee. Veterinary Pathology 21:529-531.
    • (1984) Veterinary Pathology , vol.21 , pp. 529-531
    • Hansen, J.F.1    Alford, P.L.2    Keeling, M.E.3
  • 33
    • 17644412023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease
    • Hansson, G. K. 2005. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. New England Journal of Medicine 352:1685-1695.
    • (2005) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.352 , pp. 1685-1695
    • Hansson, G.K.1
  • 35
    • 0035088495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematologic and blood biochemical variables of captive chimpanzees: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
    • Herndon, J. G., and J. Tigges. 2001. Hematologic and blood biochemical variables of captive chimpanzees: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Comparative Medicine 51 :60-69.
    • (2001) Comparative Medicine , vol.51 , pp. 60-69
    • Herndon, J.G.1    Tigges, J.2
  • 37
    • 0141478811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal hematologic and serum clinical chemistry values for captive chimpanzees (pan troglodytes)
    • Howell, S., K. Hoffman, L. Bartel, M. Schwandt, J. Morris et al. 2003. Normal hematologic and serum clinical chemistry values for captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Comparative Medicine 53:413-423.
    • (2003) Comparative Medicine , vol.53 , pp. 413-423
    • Howell, S.1    Hoffman, K.2    Bartel, L.3    Schwandt, M.4    Morris, J.5
  • 38
    • 0001122501 scopus 로고
    • Diseases and pathologies at the southwest foundation for biomedical research
    • Hubbard, G. B., D. R. Lee, and J. W. Eichberg. 1991. Diseases and pathologies at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research. American Journal of Primatology 24:1-8.
    • (1991) American Journal of Primatology , vol.24 , pp. 1-8
    • Hubbard, G.B.1    Lee, D.R.2    Eichberg, J.W.3
  • 39
    • 0035933848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional analysis of the chimpanzee and human apo(a) promoter sequences: Identification of sequence variations responsible for elevated transcriptional activity in chimpanzee
    • Huby, T., C. Dachet, R. M. Lawn, J. Wickings, M. J. Chapman et al. 2001. Functional analysis of the chimpanzee and human apo(a) promoter sequences: identification of sequence variations responsible for elevated transcriptional activity in chimpanzee. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276:22209-22214.
    • (2001) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.276 , pp. 22209-22214
    • Huby, T.1    Dachet, C.2    Lawn, R.M.3    Wickings, J.4    Chapman, M.J.5
  • 40
    • 0033543116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent association of apolipoprotein e genotype with coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in middle-aged men: An autopsy study
    • Ilveskoski, E., M. Perola, T. Lehtimaki, P. Laippala, V. Savolai- nen et al. 1999. Age-dependent association of apolipoprotein E genotype with coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in middle-aged men: an autopsy study. Circulation 100:608-613.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 608-613
    • Ilveskoski, E.1    Perola, M.2    Lehtimaki, T.3    Laippala, P.4    Savolainen, V.5
  • 41
    • 3042746901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global remodeling of the ventricular interstitium in idiopathic myocardial fibrosis and sudden cardiac death
    • John, B. T., B. K. Tamarappoo, J. L. Titus, W. D. Edwards, W. K. Shen et al. 2004. Global remodeling of the ventricular interstitium in idiopathic myocardial fibrosis and sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm 1:141-149.
    • (2004) Heart Rhythm , vol.1 , pp. 141-149
    • John, B.T.1    Tamarappoo, B.K.2    Titus, J.L.3    Edwards, W.D.4    Shen, W.K.5
  • 42
    • 51549096913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interstitial myocardial fibrosis in a captive chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) population
    • Lammey, M. L., G. B. Baskin, A. P. Gigliotti, D. R. Lee, J. J. Ely et al. 2008a. Interstitial myocardial fibrosis in a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) population. Comparative Medicine 58:389-394.
    • (2008) Comparative Medicine , vol.58 , pp. 389-394
    • Lammey, M.L.1    Baskin, G.B.2    Gigliotti, A.P.3    Lee, D.R.4    Ely, J.J.5
  • 43
    • 39049089377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudden cardiac death in 13 captive chimpanzees (pan troglodytes)
    • Lammey, M. L., D. R. Lee, J. J. Ely, and M. M. Sleeper. 2008b. Sudden cardiac death in 13 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Medical Primatology 37(Suppl. 1):39-43.
    • (2008) Journal of Medical Primatology , vol.37 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 39-43
    • Lammey, M.L.1    Lee, D.R.2    Ely, J.J.3    Sleeper, M.M.4
  • 44
    • 1642545106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and atherosclerosis: Role of C-reactive protein in risk assessment
    • Libby, P., and P. M. Ridker. 2004. Inflammation and atherosclerosis: role of C-reactive protein in risk assessment. American Journal of Medicine 116(Suppl. 6A):9S-16S.
    • (2004) American Journal of Medicine , vol.116 , Issue.6 SUPPL. A
    • Libby, P.1    Ridker, P.M.2
  • 45
    • 0037262730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A primer of primate pathology: Lesions and nonlesions
    • Lowenstine, L. J. 2003. A primer of primate pathology: lesions and nonlesions. Toxicologic Pathology 31(Suppl.):92-102.
    • (2003) Toxicologic Pathology , vol.31 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 92-102
    • Lowenstine, L.J.1
  • 46
    • 1642278952 scopus 로고
    • Coronary disease in the ape
    • Manning, G. W. 1942. Coronary disease in the ape. American Heart Journal 23:719-724.
    • (1942) American Heart Journal , vol.23 , pp. 719-724
    • Manning, G.W.1
  • 47
    • 0037031849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetically altered mice with different sialyltransferase deficiencies show tissue-specific alterations in sialylation and sialic acid 9-O-acetylation
    • Martin, L. T., J. D. Marth, A. Varki, and N. M. Varki. 2002. Genetically altered mice with different sialyltransferase deficiencies show tissue-specific alterations in sialylation and sialic acid 9-O-acetylation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277:32930-32938.
    • (2002) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.277 , pp. 32930-32938
    • Martin, L.T.1    Marth, J.D.2    Varki, A.3    Varki, N.M.4
  • 49
    • 33747229770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome and diabetic atherothrombosis: Mplications in vascular complications
    • Meerarani, P., J. J. Badimon, E. Zias, V. Fuster, and P. R. Moreno. 2006. Metabolic syndrome and diabetic atherothrombosis: implications in vascular complications. Current Molecular Medicine 6:501-514.
    • (2006) Current Molecular Medicine , vol.6 , pp. 501-514
    • Meerarani, P.1    Badimon, J.J.2    Zias, E.3    Fuster, V.4    Moreno, P.R.5
  • 50
    • 34548184904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical epidemiology of heart failure
    • Mosterd, A., and A. W. Hoes. 2007. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart 93:1137-1146.
    • (2007) Heart , vol.93 , pp. 1137-1146
    • Mosterd, A.1    Hoes, A.W.2
  • 51
    • 84995131285 scopus 로고
    • Pathology and diseases of great apes at the national zoological park zoo
    • Munson, L., and R. J. Montali. 1990. Pathology and diseases of great apes at the National Zoological Park Zoo. Zoo Biology 9:99-105.
    • (1990) Zoo Biology , vol.9 , pp. 99-105
    • Munson, L.1    Montali, R.J.2
  • 52
    • 21244478903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of natural human antibodies against a nonhuman sialic acid that metabolically incorporates into activated and malignant immune cells
    • Nguyen, D. H., P. Tangvoranuntakul, and A. Varki. 2005. Effects of natural human antibodies against a nonhuman sialic acid that metabolically incorporates into activated and malignant immune cells. Journal of Immunology 175:228-236.
    • (2005) Journal of Immunology , vol.175 , pp. 228-236
    • Nguyen, D.H.1    Tangvoranuntakul, P.2    Varki, A.3
  • 54
    • 53049100695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity in specificity, abundance, and composition of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in normal humans: Potential implications for disease
    • Padler-Karavani, V., H. Yu, H. Cao, H. Chokhawala, F. Karp et al. 2008. Diversity in specificity, abundance, and composition of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in normal humans: potential implications for disease. Glycobiology 18:818-830.
    • (2008) Glycobiology , vol.18 , pp. 818-830
    • Padler-Karavani, V.1    Yu, H.2    Cao, H.3    Chokhawala, H.4    Karp, F.5
  • 55
    • 33846857559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease and stroke statistics-2007 update: A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
    • Rosamond, W., K. Flegal, G. Friday, K. Furie, A. Go et al. 2007. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2007 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 115:e69-e171.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115
    • Rosamond, W.1    Flegal, K.2    Friday, G.3    Furie, K.4    Go, A.5
  • 57
    • 0013098371 scopus 로고
    • Fibrosing cardiomyopathy in lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the United States: A retrospective study
    • Schulman, F. Y., A. Farb, R. Virmani, and R. J. Montali. 1995. Fibrosing cardiomyopathy in lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the United States: A retrospective study. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 26:43-51.
    • (1995) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , vol.26 , pp. 43-51
    • Schulman, F.Y.1    Farb, A.2    Virmani, R.3    Montali, R.J.4
  • 59
    • 32644437182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of disease: Atherosclerosis in autoimmune diseases
    • Sherer, Y., and Y. Shoenfeld. 2006. Mechanisms of disease: atherosclerosis in autoimmune diseases. Nature Clinical Practice. Rheumatology 2:99-106.
    • (2006) Nature Clinical Practice. Rheumatology , vol.2 , pp. 99-106
    • Sherer, Y.1    Shoenfeld, Y.2
  • 62
    • 0017033305 scopus 로고
    • Serum lipid and lipoprotein responses of six nonhuman primate species to dietary changes in cholesterol levels
    • Srinivasan, S. R., B. Radhakrishnamurthy, C. C. Smith, R. H. Wolf, and G. S. Berenson. 1976. Serum lipid and lipoprotein responses of six nonhuman primate species to dietary changes in cholesterol levels. Journal of Nutrition 106:1757-1767.
    • (1976) Journal of Nutrition , vol.106 , pp. 1757-1767
    • Srinivasan, S.R.1    Radhakrishnamurthy, B.2    Smith, C.C.3    Wolf, R.H.4    Berenson, G.S.5
  • 63
    • 33746042622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thematic review series: The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy, part V: The discovery of the statins and the end of the controversy
    • Steinberg, D. 2006. Thematic review series: the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy, part V: the discovery of the statins and the end of the controversy. Journal of Lipid Research 47:1339-1351.
    • (2006) Journal of Lipid Research , vol.47 , pp. 1339-1351
    • Steinberg, D.1
  • 64
    • 54849147600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The statins in preventive cardiology
    • Steinberg, D. 2008. The statins in preventive cardiology. New England Journal of Medicine 359:1426-1427.
    • (2008) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.359 , pp. 1426-1427
    • Steinberg, D.1
  • 65
    • 24344500211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome
    • The Chimpanzee Sequencing, Analysis Consortium
    • The Chimpanzee Sequencing, Analysis Consortium. 2005. Initital sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome. Nature 437-69-87.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 69-87
  • 66
    • 0031833126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laminar shear stress: Mechanisms by which endothelial cells transduce an atheroprotective force
    • Traub, O., and B. C. Berk. 1998. Laminar shear stress: mechanisms by which endothelial cells transduce an atheroprotective force. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 18:677-685.
    • (1998) Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , vol.18 , pp. 677-685
    • Traub, O.1    Berk, B.C.2
  • 67
    • 62449176653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution
    • Sep 7, Epub ahead of print
    • Varki, A. 2008a. Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution. Glycoconjugate Journal Sep 7. [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2008) Glycoconjugate Journal
    • Varki, A.1
  • 68
    • 48149090000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sialic acids in human health and disease
    • Varki, A. 2008b. Sialic acids in human health and disease. Trends in Molecular Medicine 14:351-360.
    • (2008) Trends in Molecular Medicine , vol.14 , pp. 351-360
    • Varki, A.1
  • 69
    • 35948997421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic differences between humans and chimpanzees
    • Varki, A., and D. Nelson. 2007. Genomic differences between humans and chimpanzees. Annual Review of Anthropology 36:191-209.
    • (2007) Annual Review of Anthropology , vol.36 , pp. 191-209
    • Varki, A.1    Nelson, D.2
  • 70
    • 34547929295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity in cell surface sialic acid presentations: Implications for biology and disease
    • Varki, N. M., and A. Varki. 2007. Diversity in cell surface sialic acid presentations: implications for biology and disease. Laboratory Investigation 87:851-857.
    • (2007) Laboratory Investigation , vol.87 , pp. 851-857
    • Varki, N.M.1    Varki, A.2
  • 71
    • 52149084405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining human uniqueness: Genome interactions with environment, behaviour and culture
    • Varki, A., D. H. Geschwind, and E. E. Eichler. 2008. Explaining human uniqueness: genome interactions with environment, behaviour and culture. Nature Review. Genetics 9:749-763.
    • (2008) Nature Review. Genetics , vol.9 , pp. 749-763
    • Varki, A.1    Geschwind, D.H.2    Eichler, E.E.3
  • 72
    • 14844343697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative importance of borderline and elevated levels of coronary heart disease risk factors
    • Vasan, R. S., L. M. Sullivan, P. W. Wilson, C. T. Sempos, J. Sundstrom et al. 2005. Relative importance of borderline and elevated levels of coronary heart disease risk factors. Annals of Internal Medicine 142:393-402.
    • (2005) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.142 , pp. 393-402
    • Vasan, R.S.1    Sullivan, L.M.2    Wilson, P.W.3    Sempos, C.T.4    Sundstrom, J.5
  • 75
    • 49449104281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myocardial infarction
    • White, H. D., and D. P. Chew. 2008. Acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 372:570-584.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 570-584
    • White, H.D.1    Chew, D.P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.