Cross-basin faulting and extinction of pull-apart basins in the sea of Marmara, NW Turkey;Marmara denizi'nde (KB Türkiye) çapraz faylanma ve çek-ayır havzaların sönümlenmesi

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 331-349

  Kuşçu, Ismail ^a  

^a GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF MINERAL RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Basin formation; Cross basin fault; Pull apart basin; Sea of Marmara; Strike slip faulting; The north anatolian fault

Indexed keywords

ANALOG MODEL; BASIN EVOLUTION; BATHYMETRIC SURVEY; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; DISPLACEMENT; FAULT GEOMETRY; FAULT ZONE; FAULTING; GRABEN; KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE 1999; MULTIBEAM SONAR; PULL APART BASIN; SEAFLOOR; SEISMIC REFLECTION; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT;

EURASIA; SEA OF MARMARA; TURKEY;

EID: 70350281265     PISSN: 13000985     EISSN: 1303619X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3906/yer-0706-4     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. AKSU, A.E., CALON, T.J., HISCOTT, R.N. & YAŞAR, D. 2000. Anatomy of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Sea, western Turkey: extensional basins above a continental transform. GSA Today 10 (6), 3-7.
2. ANDRUSOV, N. 1901. Kritische Bemerkungen über die Rnysthungshypothesen des Bosphorus in der Dardanellen. Sitzung Naturforschung Gesellschaft University Dorpat Sitzung 18, 378-400.
3. ARMIJO, R. 2000. The fault breaks of the 1999 earthquakes in Turkey and the tectonic evolution of the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean. In: GÖRÜR, N., PAPADOPOULOS, A. & OKAY, N. (eds), NATO Advanced Research Seminar: Integration of Earth Sciences Research on the 1999 Turkish and Greek Earthquakes and Needs for Future Cooperative Research. TÜBİTAK, İstanbul, p. 5.
4. ARMIJO, R., MEYER, B., HUBERT, A. & BARKA, A. 1999. Westward propagation of the North Anatolian Fault into the Northern Aegean: timing and kinematics. Geology 27, 267-270.
5. ARMIJO, R., MEYER, B., NAVARRO, S., KING, G. & BARKA, A. 2002. Asymmetric slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara pull- apart: a clue to propagation processes of the North Anatolian Fault? Terra Nova 14, 80-86.
6. AYDIN, A. & NUR, A. 1982. Evolution of pull-apart basins and their scale independence. Tectonics 1, 91-106.
7. BARKA, A. 1992. The North Anatolian Fault. Annales Tectonicae 6, 174-195.
8. BARKA, A. & KADINSKY-CADE, K. 1988. Strike-slip fault geometry in Turkey and its influence on earthquake activity. Tectonics 7, 663-684.
9. BARNES, P.M., SUTHERLAND, R., DAVY, B. & DELTEIL, J. 2001. Rapid creation and destruction of sedimentary basins on mature strike-slip faults: an example from the offshore Alpine Fault, New Zealand. Journal of Structural Geology 23, 1727-1739.
10. BURCHFIEL, B.C. & STEWART, J.H. 1966. 'Pull-apart' origin of the central segment of Death Valley, California. Bulletin of Geological Society of America 77, 439-442.
11. CAREY, S.W. 1958. A tectonic approach to continental drift. In: CAREY, S.W. (ed), Continental Drift: a symposium. University of Tasmania, p. 177-355.
12. CHRISTIE-BLICK, N. & BIDDLE, K. 1985. Deformation and basin formation along strike-slip faults. In: BIDDLE, K.T. & CHRISTIE-BLICK, N. (eds), Strike-slip Deformation, Basin Formation, and Sedimentation. Society of Economical Paleontology and Mineralogy Special Publication 37, 1-34.
13. CLAYTON, L. 1966. Tectonic depressions along the Hope Fault, a transcurrent fault in North Canterburry, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 9, 95-104.
14. CROWELL, J.C. 1974. Origin of the late Cenozoic basins in southern California. In: DICKINSON, W.R. (ed), Tectonics and Sedimentation. Society of Economical Paleontology and Mineralogy Special Publication 22, 190-204.
15. DEMİRBAǦ, E., ECEVİTOǦLU, B. & KUŞÇU, İ. 2000. Multi-channel seismic and multi-beam acoustic surveys in the Marmara Sea for explorations of active faults: a review of the methods and results (abstract): In: GÖRÜR, N., PAPADOPOULOS, A. & OKAY, N. (eds), NATO Advanced Research Seminar: Integration of Earth Sciences Research on the 1999 Turkish and Greek Earthquakes and Needs for Future Cooperative Research. TÜBİTAK, İstanbul, 62-63.
16. DEMİRBAǦ, E., RANGIN, C., LE PICHON, X. & ŞENGÖR, A.M.C. 2003. Investigation of the tectonics of the Main Marmara Fault by means of deep-towed seismic data. Tectonophysics 361, 1-19.
17. DEWEY, J.F. & ŞENGÖR, A.M.C. 1979. Aegean and surrounding regions: complex multiplate and continuum tectonics in a convergent zone. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 90, 84-92.
18. DOOLEY, T. & MCCLAY, K. 1997. Analog modeling of pull-apart basins. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 81, 1804-1826.
19. ERGÜN, M. & ÖZEL, E. 1995. Structural relationship between the Sea of Marmara Basin and the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Terra Nova 7, 278-288.
20. FREUND, R. 1971. The Hope Fault, a strike-slip fault in New Zealand. Bulletin of the New Zealand Geological Survey (new series) 86, 49 p.
21. FUJIMORI, T. 1991. Active faults in the Suwa Basin, and its evolution as a pull-apart basin on the Itoigawa-Shizuoka tectonic line, central Japan. Geographical Review of Japan 64, 665-696.
22. GARFUNKEL, Z. 1981. Internal structure of the Dead Sea leaky transform (rift) in relation to plate kinematics. Tectonophysics 80, 81-108.
23. GÜRBÜZ, C., AKTAR, M., EYİDOǦAN, H., CISTERNAS, A., HAESSLER, H., BARKA, A., ERGİN, M., TÜRKELLİ, N., POLAT, O., ÜÇER, S.B., KULELİ, S., BARIŞ, Ş., KAYPAK, B., BEKLER, T., ZOR, E., BİÇMEN, F. & YÖRÜK, A. 2000. The seismotectonics of the Marmara region (Turkey): results from a microseismic experiment. Tectonophysics 316, 1-17.
24. HALBACH, P., KUŞÇU, İ., KUHN, T., PEKDEǦER, A. & SEIFERT, R. 2000. Methane in sediments of the deep Marmara Sea and its relation to local tectonic structures. In: GÖRÜR, N., PAPADOPOULOS, A. & OKAY, N. (eds), NATO Advanced Research Seminar: Integration of Earth Sciences Research on the 1999 Turkish and Greek Earthquakes and Needs for Future Cooperative Research. TÜBİTAK, İstanbul, p. 74.
25. HALBACH, P., KUŞÇU, İ., INTHORN, M., KUHN, T., PEKDEǦER, A. & SEIFERT, R. 2002. Methane in sediments of the deep Marmara Sea and its relation to local tectonic structures. In: GÖRÜR, N., PAPADOPOULOS, G.A. & OKAY, N. (eds) Integration of Earth Science Research on the Turkish and Greek 1999 Earthquakes. NATO Science Series, IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences-vol.9, 71-85, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
26. HUBERT-FERRARI, A., BARKA, A., JACQUES, E., ET AL. 2000. Seismic hazard in the Marmara Sea following the 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake. Nature 404, 269-272.
27. İMREN, C., LE PICHON, X., RANGIN, C., DEMİRBAǦ, E., ECEVİTOǦLU, B. & GÖRÜR, N. 2001. The North Anatolian Fault within the Sea of Marmara: a new interpretation based on multi-channel seismic and multi-beam bathymetry data. Earth Planetary Science Letters 186, 143-158.
28. INTHORN, M. 2000. Bathymetrie und Tektonik des tiefen Marmarameeres/Türkei. M.Sc. Thesis, Freien Üniversitat Berlin Institüt für Geologie, Geophysik und Geoinformatik, [unpublished].
29. KOIDE, H. & BHATTACHARJI, S. 1977. Geometric patterns of active strike-slip faults and their significance as indicators for areas of energy release. In: SAXENA, S.K. (ed), Energetics of Geological Processes, New York, Springer Verlag, 46-66.
30. KURT, H., DEMİRBAǦ, E. & KUŞÇU, İ. 2000. Active submarine tectonism and formation of Gulf of Saros, North Aegean Sea, inferred from multi-channel seismic reflection data. Marine Geology 165, 13-26.
31. KUŞÇU, İ., OKAMURA, M., MATSUOKA, H. & AWATA, Y. 2002. Active faults in the Gulf of İzmit on the North Anatolian Fault, NW Turkey: a high-resolution shallow seismic study. Marine Geology 190, 421-443.
32. KUŞÇU, İ., HALBACH, P., INTHORN, M., KUHN, T. & SEIFERT, R. 2008. The R/V Meteor cruise Leg M44/1 in February 1999 in the Sea of Marmara: the first multibeam bathymetric study and analysis of methane in sediment and water columns. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 17, 461-480.
33. LE PICHON, X., TAYMAZ, T. & ŞENGÖR A.M.C. 1999. The Marmara Fault and the future İstanbul earthquake. In: KARACA, M. & URAL, D.N. (eds), Proceedings of ITU-IAHS International Conference on the Kocaeli Earthquake, 17 August 1999. İstanbul Technical University Press House, İstanbul, 1999, 41 54.
34. LE PICHON, X., TAYMAZ, T. & ŞENGÖR, A.M.C. 2000. Important problems to be solved in the Sea of Marmara (abstract) In: GÖRÜR, N., PAPADOPOULOS, G.A. & OKAY, N. (eds), NATO Advanced Research Seminar: Integration of Earth Sciences Research on the 1999 Turkish and Greek Earthquakes and Needs for Future Cooperative Research. TÜBİTAK, İstanbul, p. 66-67.
35. LE PICHON, X., ŞENGÖR, A.M.C., DEMİRBAǦ, E., RANGIN, C., İMREN, C., ARMIJO, R., GÖRÜR, N., ÇAǦATAY, N., MERCIER DE LEPINAY, B., MEYER, B., SAATÇILAR, R. & TOK, B. 2001. The active Main Marmara Fault. Earth Planetary Science Letters 192, 595-616.
36. LE PICHON, X., CHAMOT-ROOKE, N., RANGIN, C. & ŞENGÖR, A.M.C. 2003. The North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, B4, doi. 10.1029/2002JB001862.
37. MANN, P., HEMPTON, M. R., BRADLEY, D.C. & BURKE, K. 1983. Development of pull-apart basins. Journal of Geology 91, 529-554.
38. MCCLAY, K. & BONORA, M. 2001. Analog models of restraining stopovers in strike-slip fault systems. Bulletin of American Association of Petroleum Geologists 85, 233-260.
39. MCCLAY, K. & DOOLEY, T. 1995. Analogue models of pull-apart basins. Geology 23, 711-714.
40. MEADE, B.J., HAGER, B.H., MCCLUSKY, S.J., REILINGER, S.E., ERGİNTAV, S. ET AL. 2002. Estimates of seismic potential in the Marmara Sea region from block models of secular deformation constrained by Global Positioning System measurements. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92, 208-215.
41. NALBANT, S., HUBERT, A. & KING, G.C.P. 1998. Stress coupling between earthquakes in northwest Turkey and the north Aegean Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 103, 24, 469-24, 486.
42. OKAY, A.I., DEMİRBAǦ, E., KURT, H., OKAY, N. & KUŞÇU, İ. 1999. An active, deep marine strike-slip basin along the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey. Tectonics 18, 129-147.
43. OKAY, A.I., KAŞLILAR-ÖZCAN, A., İMREN, C., BOZTEPE-GÜNEY, A., DEMİRBA&, E. & KUŞÇU, İ. 2000. Active faults and evolving strike-slip basins in the Marmara Sea, northwest Turkey: a multi-channel reflection study. Tectonophysics 321, 189-218.
44. ÖRGÜLÜ, G. & AKTAR, M. 2001. Regional moment tensor inversion for strong aftershocks of the August 17, 1999 İzmit earthquake (Mw= 7.4). Geophysical Research Letters 28, 371-374.
45. PARKE, J.R., MINSHULL, T.A., ANDERSON, G., WHITE, R.S., MCKENZIE, D.P., KUŞÇU, İ., GÖRÜR, N. & ŞENGÖR, A.M.C. 1999. Active faults in the Sea of Marmara, western Turkey, imaged by seismic reflection profiles. Terra Nova 11, 223-227.
46. PARSONS, T., TODA, S., STEIN, R. S., BARKA, A. & DIETERICH, J.H. 2000. Heightened odds of large earthquakes near Istanbul: an interaction-based probability calculation. Science 288, 661-665.
47. PFANNENSTEIL, M. 1944. Diluviale Geologie des Mittelmeergebietes die diluvialen Entwikclungstadien und die Urgeschichte von Dardanellen, Marmara Meer und Bosphorus. Geologische Rundschau 34, 334-342.
48. PINAR, N. 1943. Géologique et météorologique sismiques du basin de la mer Marmara. İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Mecmuasi{dotless}, Seri A, VII, 121-182 [in Turkish].
49. QUENNELL, A.M. 1958. The structural and geomorphic evolution of the Dead Sea rift. Journal of the Geological Society of London 114, 2-24.
50. RAHE, B., FERRIL, D.A. & MORRIS, A.P. 1998. Physical analog modelling of pull-apart basin evolution. Tectonophysics 285, 21-40.
51. RANGIN, C., DEMİRBAǦ, E., İMREN, C., CRUSSON, A., NORMAND, A., LE DREZEN, A. & LE BOT, A. 2001. Marine Atlas of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey). Ifremer.
52. RANGIN, C., LE PICHON, X., DEMİRBAǦ, E. & İMREN, C. 2004. Strain localization in the Sea of Marmara: Propagation of the North Anatolian Fault in a now inactive pull-apart. Tectonics 33, TC2014, doi: 10.1029/2002TC001437.
53. RODGERS, D. 1980. Analysis of pull-apart basin development produced by en echelon strike-slip faults. Special Publication of Association of Sedimentology 4, 27-41.
54. ŞAROǦLU, F., EMRE, Ö. & BORAY, A. 1987. Active Faults and Seismicity of Turkey. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey (MTA) Report no. 8643 [in Turkish, unpublished].
55. ŞAROǦLU, F., EMRE, Ö. & KUŞÇU, İ. 1992. Active Fault Map of Turkey, 1: 1 000 000 Scale. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey (MTA) Publication.
56. SATO, T., KASAHARA, J., TAYMAZ, T., ITO, M., KAMIMURA, A., HAYAKAWA, T. & TAN, O. 2004. A study of microearthquake seismicity and focal mechanisms within the Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey) using the ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs). Tectonophysics 391, 303-314.
57. SCHUBERT, C. 1982. Origin of the Cariaco basin, southern Caribbean Sea. Marine Geology 47, 345-360.
58. ŞENGÖR, A.M.C. 1979. The North Anatolian Transform Fault: its age, offset and tectonic significance. Journal of the Geological Society of London 136, 269-282.
59. ŞENGÖR, A.M.C. 1995. Sedimentation and tectonic of fossil rifts. In: BUSBY, C.J. & INGERSOLL, R.V. (eds), Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins. Blackwell, Oxford, 53-117.
60. ŞENGÖR, A.M.C., GÖRÜR, N. & ŞAROǦLU, F. 1985. Strike-slip faulting and related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study. In: BIDDLE, K.T. & CHRISTIE-BLICK, N. (eds), Strike-slip Daulting and Basin Formation. Society of Economical Paleontology and Mineralogy Special Publications 37, 227-264.
61. ŞENGÖR, A.M.C., DEMİRBAǦǦ, E., TÜYSÜZ, O., KURT, N., GÖRÜR, N. & KUŞÇU, İ. 1999. A preliminary note on the structure of the Gulf of İzmit: implications for the westerly propagation of the North Anatolian Fault. In: KARACA, M. & URAL, D.N. (eds), Proceedings of ITU-IAHS International Conference on the Kocaeli Earthquake, 17 August 1999. İstanbul Technical University Press House, Istanbul, 1999, 25-37.
62. STEIN, R., BARKA, A. & DIETERICH, J. 1997. Progressive earthquake failure on the North Anatolian Fault since 1939 by stress triggering. Geophysical Journal International 128, 594-604.
63. SYLVESTER, A. G. 1988. Strike-slip faults. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 100, 1666-1703.
64. TCHALENKO, J.S. 1970. Similarities between shear zones of different magnitudes. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 81, 1625-1640.
65. TWISS, R.J. & MOORES, E.M. 1992. Structural Geology. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
66. WESNOUSKY, S.G. 1988. Seismological and structural evolution of strike-slip faults. Nature 355, 340-343.
67. WONG, H.K., LÜDMANN, T., ULU, A. & GÖRÜR, N. 1995. The Sea of Marmara as a plate boundary sea in an escape tectonic regime. Tectonophysics 244, 231-250.
68. WOODCOCK, N. & FISCHER, M. 1986. Strike-slip duplexes. Journal of Structural Geology 8, 725-735.
69. YALTIRAK, C. 2002. Tectonic evolution of the Marmara Sea and its surroundings. Marine Geology 190, 492-529.
70. YALTIRAK, C., ALPAR, B. & YÜCE, H. 1998. Tectonic elements controlling the evolution of the Gulf of Saros (northeastern Aegean Sea, Turkey). Tectonophysics 300, 227-248.
71. YOSHIOKA, T. 1996. Evolution of fault geometry and development of strike-slip basins: comparative studies on the transform zones in Turkey and Japan. The Island Arc 5, 407-419.
72. ZHANG, P., BURCHFIEL, B.C., CHEN, S. & DENG, Q. 1989. Extinction of pull-apart basins. Geology 17, 814-817.