Low-cloud fraction, lower-tropospheric stability, and large-scale divergence

Journal of Climate

Volumn 22, Issue 18, 2009, Pages 4827-4844

  Zhang, Yunyan ^a,b   Stevens, Bjorn ^a,c   Medeiros, Brian ^a   Ghil, Michael ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY   (Germany)

^d LABORATOIRE DE MÉTÉOROLOGIE DYNAMIQUE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD FRACTION; CONDITIONAL DEPENDENCE; DIFFERENT TIME SCALE; DIVERGENCE FIELD; EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM-RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS; FORCINGS; LOCAL EQUILIBRIUM; METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS; MIXED-LAYER MODELS; MODEL RESULTS; NON-LINEAR RESPONSE; NON-LINEARITY; POSITIVE CORRELATIONS; REANALYSIS; REGRESSION SLOPE; SYNOPTIC VARIABILITY; UNDERLYING DISTRIBUTION;

CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TROPOSPHERE; WEATHER FORECASTING;

STABILITY;

BOUNDARY LAYER; CLOUD; CORRELATION; METEOROLOGY; MIXED LAYER; TROPOSPHERE; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 70350029654     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI2891.1     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Bretherton, C. S., and M. C. Wyant, 1997: Moisture transport, lower-tropospheric stability, and decoupling of cloud-topped boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 148-167.
2. Caldwell, P., and C. Bretherton, 2008: Response of a subtropical stratocumulus-capped mixed layer to climate and aerosol changes. J. Climate, 22, 20-38.
3. Collins, W. D., and Coauthors, 2004: Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 3.0). National Center for Atmospheric Research Tech. Rep. NCAR/TN-464 + STR, 210 pp.
4. Grenier, H., and C. S. Bretherton, 2001: A moist PBL parameterization for large-scale models and its application to subtropical cloud-topped marine boundary layer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 357-377.
5. Klein, S. A., 1997: Synoptic variability of low-cloud properties and meteorological parameters in the subtropical trade wind boundary layer. J. Climate, 10, 2018-2039.
6. Klein, S. A., and D. L. Hartmann, 1993: The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J. Climate, 6, 1587-1606.
7. Klein, S. A., D. L. Hartmann, and J. R. Norris, 1995: On the relationships among low-cloud structure, sea surface temperature, and atmospheric circulation in the summertime northeast Pacific. J. Climate, 8, 1140-1155.
8. Lewellen, D. C., and W. Lewellen, 1998: Large-eddy boundary layer entrainment. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2645-2665.
9. Lilly, D. K., 1968: Models of cloud topped mixed layers under a strong inversion. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 94, 292-309.
10. Lock, A., 2001: The numerical representation of entrainment in parameterizations of boundary layer turbulent mixing. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1148-1163.
11. Medeiros, B. P., A. Hall, and B. Stevens, 2005: What controls the mean depth of the PBL? J. Climate, 18, 3157-3172.
12. Moeng, C.-H., and B. Stevens, 1999: Marine stratocumulus and its representation in GCMs. General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present, and Future, D. A. Randall, Ed., Academic Press, 577-604.
13. Randall, D. A., and M. J. Suarez, 1984: On the dynamics of stratocumulus formation and dissipation. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3052-3057.
14. Randall, D. A., J.A. Abeles, and T. G. Corsetti, 1985: Seasonal simulations of the planetary boundary layer and boundary-layer stratocumulus clouds with a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 641-676.
15. Rossow, W., and R. A. Schiffer, 1999: Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 2261-2287.
16. Schubert, W. H., J. S. Wakefield, E. J. Steiner, and S. K. Cox, 1979: Marine stratocumulus convection. Part II: Horizontally inhomogeneous solutions. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1308-1324.
17. Siebesma, A. P., and Coauthors, 2003: A large eddy simulation intercomparison study of shallow cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1201-1219.
18. Siems, S. T., D. Lenschow, and C. S. Bretherton, 1993: A numerical study of the interaction between stratocumulus and the air overlying it. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3663-3676.
19. Slingo, J. M., 1987: The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 899-927.
20. Stevens, B., 2000: Cloud transitions and decoupling in shear-free stratocumulus-topped boundary layers. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2557-2560.
21. Stevens, B., 2002: Entrainment in stratocumulus mixed layers. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 2663-2690.
22. Stevens, B., and Coauthors, 2003a: Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus - DYCOMS-II. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 579-593.
23. Stevens, B., and Coauthors, 2003b: On entrainment rates in nocturnal marine stratocumulus. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 3469-3492.
24. Stevens, B., Y. Zhang, and M. Ghil, 2005: Stochastic effects in the representation of stratocumulus-topped mixed layers. Proc. ECMWF Workshop on Representation of Subgrid Processes Using Stochastic-Dynamics Models, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 79-90.
25. Stevens, B., A. Beljaars, S. Bordoni, C. Holloway, M. Köhler, S. Krueger, V. Savic-Jovcic, and Y. Zhang, 2007: On the structure of the lower troposphere in the summertime stratocumulus regime of the northeast Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 985-1005.
26. Suarez, M., A. Arakawa, and D. Randall, 1983: The parameterization of the planetary boundary layer in the UCLA general circulation model: Formulation and results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 2224-2243.
27. Turton, J. D., and S. Nicholls, 1987:Astudy of the diurnal variation of stratocumulus using a multiple mixed layer model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 969-1009.
28. Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 Re-analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012.
29. Wood, R., and C. S. Bretherton, 2006: On the relationship between stratiform low cloud cover and lower-tropospheric stability. J. Climate, 19, 6425-6432.
30. Wyant, M. C., C. S. Bretherton, H. A. Rand, and D. E. Stevens, 1997: Numerical simulations and a conceptual model of the stratocumulus to trade cumulus transition. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 168-192.
31. Zhang, Y., B. Stevens, and M. Ghil, 2005: On the diurnal cycle and susceptibility to aerosol concentrations in a stratocumulus-topped mixed layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 1567-1583.