A cotwin-control analysis of drug use and abuse/dependence risk associated with early-onset cannabis use

Addictive Behaviors

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 35-41

  Grant, Julia D ^a   Lynskey, Michael T ^a   Scherrer, Jeffrey F ^a,b   Agrawal, Arpana ^a   Heath, Andrew C ^a   Bucholz, Kathleen K ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Alcohol dependence; Cotwin control; Drug abuse dependence; Early cannabis use

Indexed keywords

CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; COCAINE; OPIATE; PSYCHEDELIC AGENT; SEDATIVE AGENT;

ADULT; ALCOHOLISM; ARMY; ARTICLE; CANNABIS ADDICTION; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; CONDUCT DISORDER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DIZYGOTIC TWINS; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG USE; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HEREDITY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; OPIATE ADDICTION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREDICTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; TELEPHONE; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; TWIN DISCORDANCE; UNITED STATES; VETERAN;

ADULT; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MARIJUANA ABUSE; MIDDLE AGED; MILITARY PERSONNEL; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; TWINS, DIZYGOTIC; TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC;

EID: 70349998188     PISSN: 03064603     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.08.006     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Agrawal A., Grant J.D., Waldron M., Duncan A.E., Scherrer J.F., Lynskey M.T., et al. Risk for initiation of substance use as a function of age of onset of cigarette, alcohol, and cannabis use: Findings in a Midwestern female twin cohort. Preventive Medicine 43 (2006) 125-128
2. Agrawal A., Lynskey M.T., Bucholz K.K., Martin N.G., Madden P.A.F., and Heath A.C. Contrasting models of genetic co-morbidity for cannabis and other illicit drugs in adult Australian twins. Psychological Medicine 37 (2007) 49-60
3. Agrawal A., Neale M.C., Prescott C.A., and Kendler K.S. A twin study of early cannabis use and subsequent use and abuse/dependence of other illicit drugs. Psychological Medicine 34 (2004) 1227-1237
4. Anthony J.C., and Petronis K.R. Early-onset drug use and risk of later drug problems. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 40 (1995) 9-15
5. Donovan J.E., and Jessor R. Structure of problem behavior in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 53 (1985) 890-904
6. Eisen S., Neuman R., Goldberg J., Rice J., and True W. Determining zygosity in the Vietnam era twin registry: An approach using questionnaires. Clinical Genetics 35 (1989) 423-432
7. Eisen S., True W., Goldberg J., Henderson W., and Robinette C.D. The Vietnam era Twin (VET) registry: Method of construction. Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae 36 (1987) 61-66
8. Ellgren M., Spano S.M., and Hurd Y.L. Adolescent cannabis exposure alters opiate intake and opioid limbic neuronal populations in adult rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 32 (2007) 607-615
9. Fergusson D.M., Boden J.M., and Horwood L.J. Cannabis use and other illicit drug use: Testing the cannabis gateway hypothesis. Addiction 101 (2006) 556-569
10. Fu Q., Heath A.C., Bucholz K.K., Nelson E., Goldberg J., Lyons M.J., et al. Shared genetic risk of major depression, alcohol dependence, and marijuana dependence: Contribution of antisocial personality disorder in men. Archives of General Psychiatry 59 (2002) 1125-1132
11. Grant B.F., and Dawson D.A. Age of onset of drug use and its association with DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. Journal of Substance Abuse 10 (1998) 163-173
12. Grant J.D., Scherrer J.F., Lynskey M.T., Lyons M.J., Eisen S.A., Tsuang M.T., et al. Adolescent alcohol use is a risk factor for adult alcohol and drug dependence: Evidence from a twin design. Psychological Medicine 36 (2006) 109-118
13. Hall W.D., and Lynskey M. Is cannabis a gateway drug? Testing hypotheses about the relationship between cannabis use and the use of other illicit drugs. Drug and Alcohol Review 24 (2005) 39-48
14. Hammer T., and Vaglum P. Use of alcohol and drugs in the transitional phase from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Adolescence 13 (1990) 129-142
15. Henderson W.G., Eisen S., Goldberg J., True W.R., Barnes J.E., and Vitek M.E. The Vietnam Era Twin Registry: A resource for medical research. Public Health Reports 105 (1990) 368-373
16. Jessor R., Chase J.A., and Donovan J.E. Psychosocial correlates of marijuana use and problem drinking in a national sample of adolescents. American Journal of Public Health 70 (1980) 604-610
17. Johnston L.D., O'Malley P.M., and Bachman J.G. Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2002 (2003), National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD
18. Kandel D.B. Does marijuana use cause the use of other drugs?. Journal of the American Medical Association 289 (2003) 482-483
19. Kandel, D. B. (Ed.). (2003b). Stages and pathways of drug involvement: Examining the gateway hypothesis New York: Cambridge University Press.
20. Kandel D.B., Davies M., Karus D., and Yamaguchi K. The consequences in young adulthood of adolescent drug involvement: An overview. Archives of General Psychiatry 43 (1986) 746-754
21. Kandel D.B., Yamaguchi K., and Chen K. Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: Further evidence for the gateway theory. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 53 (1992) 447-457
22. Kendler K.S., Jacobson K.C., Prescott C.A., and Neale M.C. Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for use and abuse/dependence of cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, stimulants, and opiates in male twins. American Journal of Psychiatry 160 (2003) 687-695
23. Kendler K.S., Karkowski L.M., Neale M.C., and Prescott C.A. Illicit psychoactive substance use, heavy use, abuse, and dependence in a US population-based sample of male twins. Archives of General Psychiatry 57 (2000) 261-269
24. Kendler K.S., Myers J., and Prescott C.A. Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for symptoms of cannabis, cocaine, alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry 64 (2007) 1313-1320
25. Kendler K.S., Neale M.C., MacLean C.J., Heath A.C., Eaves L.J., and Kessler R.C. Smoking and major depression: A causal analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry 50 (1993) 36-43
26. Lessem J.M., Hopfer C.J., Haberstick B.C., Timberlake D., Ehringer M.A., Smolen A., et al. Relationship between adolescent marijuana use and young adult illicit drug use. Behavior Genetics 36 (2006) 498-506
27. Lynskey M.T., Heath A.C., Bucholz K.K., Slutske W.S., Madden P.A.F., Nelson E.C., et al. Escalation of drug use in early-onset cannabis users vs. co-twin controls. Journal of the American Medical Association 289 (2003) 427-433
28. Lynskey M.T., Heath A.C., Nelson E.C., Bucholz K.K., Madden P.A.F., Slutske W.S., et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to cannabis dependence in a national young adult twin sample. Psychological Medicine 32 (2002) 195-207
29. Lynskey M.T., Vink J.M., and Boomsma D.I. Early onset cannabis use and progression to other drug use in a sample of Dutch twins. Behavior Genetics 36 (2006) 195-200
30. Maes H.H., Woodard C.E., Murrelle L., Meyer J.M., Silberg J.L., Hewitt J.K., et al. Tobacco, alcohol and drug use in eight- to sixteen-year-old twins: The Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 60 (1999) 293-305
31. Morral A.R., McCaffrey D.F., and Paddock S.M. Reassessing the marijuana gateway effect. Addiction 97 (2002) 1493-1504
32. Neale M.C., Boker S.M., Xie G., and Maes H.H. Mx: Statistical modeling. 6th ed. (2003) Richmond, VA: VCU Box 900126, Department of Psychiatry
33. Pedersen W., and Skrondal A. Alcohol consumption debut: Predictors and consequences. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 59 (1998) 32-42
34. Rhee S.H., Hewitt J.K., Young S.E., Corley R.P., Crowley T.J., and Stallings M.C. Genetic and environmental influences on substance initiation, use, and problem use in adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry 60 (2003) 1256-1264
35. Robins L.N., Helzer J.E., Cottler L., and Goldring E. NIMH diagnostic interview schedule. Version III-Revised (DIS-III-R) (1989), Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO
36. StataCorp, (1999). Stata Statistical Software: Release 6.0. College Station, TX: Stata Corp.
37. True W.R., Heath A.C., Scherrer J.F., Xian H., Lin N., Eisen S.A., et al. Interrelationship of genetic and environmental influences on conduct disorder and alcohol and marijuana dependence symptoms. American Journal of Medical Genetics 88 (1999) 391-397
38. Tsuang M.T., Lyons M.J., Eisen S.A., Goldberg J., True W., Lin N., et al. Genetic influences on DSM-III-R drug abuse and dependence: A study of 3,372 twin pairs. American Journal of Medical Genetics 67 (1996) 473-477
39. Tsuang M.T., Lyons M.J., Harley R.M., Xian H., Eisen S., Goldberg J., et al. Genetic and environmental influences on transitions in drug use. Behavior Genetics 29 (1999) 473-479
40. Tsuang M.T., Lyons M.J., Meyer J.M., Doyle T., Eisen S.A., Goldberg J., et al. Co-occurrence of abuse of different drugs in men: The role of drug-specific and shared vulnerabilities. Archives of General Psychiatry 55 (1998) 967-972
41. Wagner F.A., and Anthony J.C. Into the world of illegal drug use: Exposure opportunity and other mechanisms linking the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine. American Journal of Epidemiology 155 (2002) 918-925
42. Wagner F.A., Velasco-Mondragon H.E., Herrera-Vasquez M., Borges G., and Lazcano-Ponce E. Early alcohol or tobacco onset and transition to other drug use among students in the State of Morelos, Mexico. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 77 (2005) 93-96
43. Xian H., Scherrer J.F., Grant J.D., Eisen S.A., True W.R., Jacob T., et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis dependence in male twins. Addiction 103 (2008) 1391-1398