Schistosoma-associated chronic septicemic salmonellosis: Evolution of knowledge and immunopathogenic mechanisms;Salmonelose septicêmica prolongada associada à esquistossomose: Evolução do conhecimento e mecanismos imunopatogênicos

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 436-445

  Muniz Junqueira, Maria Imaculada ^a   Tosta, Carlos Eduardo ^a   Prata, Aluízio ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRASILIA   (Brazil)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Chronic septicemic salmonellosis; Monocytes; Phagocytosis; Salmonella; Schistosomiasis

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CASE REPORT; CHILD; CHRONIC SEPTICEMIC SALMONELLOSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; HUMAN; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; MIXED INFECTION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SALMONELLA; SALMONELLOSIS; SCHISTOSOMA; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; SCHOOL CHILD;

SALMONELLA; SCHISTOSOMA;

EID: 70349923356     PISSN: 00378682     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0037-86822009000400015     Document Type: Review

References (140)

1. Abath FGC, Morais CNL, Montenegro CE, Wynn TA, Montenegro SML. Immunopathogenic mechanisms in schistosomiasis: what can be learnt from human studies? Trends in Parasitology 22: 85-91, 2006.
2. Andrade ZA, Andrade SG. Patologia do baço na esquistossomose hepatoesplênica. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 7: 218-227, 1965.
3. Andrade ZA, Warren KS. Mild prolonged schistosomiasis in mice: alteration in host response with time and the development of portal fibrosis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 58: 53-57, 1964.
4. Attallah AM, Smith AH, Murrell KD, Fleischer T, Woody J, Vanier WE, Scher I, Ahmed A, Sell KW. Characterization of the immunosuppressive state during Schistosoma mansoni infection. Journal of Immunology 122: 1413-1420, 1979.
5. Barsoun IS, Gamil FM, Al-Khafif MA. Ramzy RM, El Alamy MA, Colley DG. Immune response and immuneregulation in relation to human schistosomiasis in Egypt. I. Effect of treatment on in vitro cellular responsiveness. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 31: 1181-1187, 1982.
6. Bastos OC, Rangel HA, Magalhães LA, Piedrabuena AE. Evolução das imunoglobulinas envolvidas na resposta imune de camundongos ao Schistosoma mansoni. Revista de Saúde Pública de São Paulo 18: 138-154, 1984.
7. Bianco C, Griffin Jr FM, Silverstein SC. Alteration of the macrophage complement receptor. Alteration of receptor function upon macrophage activation. Journal of Experimental Medicine 141: 1278-1290, 1975.
8. Blanden RV, Mackaness GB, Collins FM. Mechanisms of acquired resistance in mouse typhoid. Journal of Experimental Medicine 124: 585-600, 1966.
9. Boros DL, Pelley RP, Warren KS. Spontaneous modulation of granulomatous hypersensitivity in schistosomiasis mansoni. Journal of Immunology 114: 1437-1441, 1975.
10. Bouillard C, Miegeville M, Vermeil C. Études in vivo et in vitro des relations entre Schistosoma mansoni et certaines souches d'entérobacterias. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique 75: 426-433, 1982.
11. Burke ML, Jones MK, Gobert GN, Ly YS, Ellis MK, McManus DP. Immunopathogenesis of human schistosomiasis. Parasite Immunology 31: 163-176, 2009.
12. Caldas IR, Campi-Azevedo AC, Oliveira LFA, Silveira AMS, Oliveira RC, Gazzinelli G. Human schistosomiasis mansoni: Immune responses during acute and chronic phases of the infection. Acta Tropica 108:109-117, 2008.
13. Camus D, Carlier Y, Capron M, Bina JC, Figueiredo JF, Prata A, Capron A. Immunological studies in human schistosomiasis. III. Immunoglobulin levels, antibodies, and delayed hypersensitivity. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 26: 482-490, 1977. (Pubitemid 8136744)
14. Capron A, Dessaint JP. Effector and regulatory mechanisms in immunity to schistosomes: A heuristic view. Annual Review of Immunology 3: 455-476, 1985.
15. Capron A, Dessaint JP, Capron M, Joseph M, Torpier G. Effector mechanisms of immunity to schistosomes and their regulation. Immunological Reviews 61: 41-66, 1982.
16. Cherubin CE, Neu HC, Imperato PJ, Harvey RP, Bellen N. Septicemia with non-typhoid Salmonella. Medicine 53: 365-376, 1974.
17. Coelho PMZ, Mayrink W, Dias M, Pereira LH. Susceptibility to Leishmania mexicana of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 74: 141, 1980.
18. Colley DG, Todd CW, Lewis FA, Goodgame RW. Immune responses during human schistosomiasis mansoni. VI. In vitro nonspecific suppression of phytohemagglutin responsiveness induced by exposure to certain schistosomal preparations. Journal of Immunology 122: 1447-1453, 1979.
19. Collins FM, Mackaness GB, Blanden V. Infection-immunity in experimental salmonellosis. Journal of Experimental Medicine 124: 601-619, 1966.
20. Conn HO, Fessel JM. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: variation on a theme. Medicine 50: 161-197, 1971.
21. Cottrell BJ, Humber D, Sturrock RF, Seitz H, Rees P. Non-specific cell mediated immunity in patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni in Kenya. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 78: 234-237, 1982.
22. Coutinho AD, Antunes MTA, Domingues ALC. Estudo da imunidade humoral e celular na doença hepática esquistossomótica. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 24: 282-291, 1982. (Pubitemid 13170466)
23. Dale DC, Boxer L, Liles WC. The phagocytes: neutrophils and monocytes. Blood 112: 935-945, 2008.
24. Delaunay-Chaillou MD, Miegeville M, Vermeil C. Essais de mise en évidence des relations Schistosomes-Salmonelles. Études in vivo et in vitro. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique 75: 183-191, 1982.
25. Dessaint JP, Capron M, Bout D, Capron A. Quantitative determination of specific IgE antibodies to schistosome antigens and serum IgE levels in patients with schistosomiasis (S. mansoni or S. haematobium). Clinical and Experimental Immunology 20: 427-436, 1975.
26. Dune DW, Pearce EJ. Immunology of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni: a human perspective. Microbes and Infection 1: 553-560; 1999.
27. Edelman R, Levine MM. Summary of an international workshop on typhoid fever. Review of Infectious Diseases 8: 329-349, 1986.
28. Ellner JJ, Olds GR, Osman GS, El Kholy A, Mahmoud AAF. Dichotomies in the reactivity to worm antigen in human schistosomiasis mansoni. Journal of Immunology 126: 309-312, 1981.
29. Fernandes DJ, Rocha H. Características da reação inflamatória em pacientes com forma hepatoesplênica de esquistossomose mansônica e calazar. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 9: 129-134, 1967.
30. Ferreira JM. Febre tifóide. Revista de Medicina 38: 181-198, 1954.
31. Ferreira JM, Bassoi ON, Shiroma M. Salmonelose de curso prolongado associada à esquistossomose mansônica hepatoesplênica. Análise de 7 casos. Revista do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo 31: 144-150, 1976.
32. Fischi MA, Dickison GM, Sinaue C, Pitchenik AE, Cleary TJ. Salmonella bacteremia as manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Archives of Internal Medicine 146: 113-115, 1986. (Pubitemid 16158638)
33. Gazzinelli G, Katz N, Rocha RS, Colley DG. Immune responses during human schistosomiasis mansoni. VIII. Differential in vitro cellular responsiveness to adult worm and schistosomular tegumental preparation. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 32: 326-333, 1983.
34. Gazzinelli G, Montesano MA, Correa-Oliveira R, Souza-Lima M, Katz N, Rocha RS, Colley DG. Immune response in different clinical groups of schistosomiasis patients. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 82: 95-100, 1987.
35. Gendrel D, Kombila M, Beaudoin-Leblevec G, Richard-Lenoble D. Nontyphoidal salmonella septicemia in Gabonese children infected with Schistosoma intercalatum. Clinical Infectious Diseases 18:103-105,1994.
36. Gendrel D, Richard-Lenoble D, Kombila M. Engohan E, Nardou M, Moussavou A, Galliot A, Toure R. Schistosoma intercalatum and relapses of Salmonella infection in children. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 33: 1166-1169, 1984.
37. Gohar MA, Eissa AA, Sebai I. Antibody response in Egyptian splenomegaly. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 31: 605-610, 1951.
38. Gordon MA. Salmonella infections in immunocompromised adults. Journal of Infection 56: 413-422, 2008.
39. Halawani A, Abdalla A, Badran A. The relation between schistosomiasis and the urinary Salmonella carrier state. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 9: 371-373, 1960.
40. Han T, Sokal JE, Netter E. Salmonellosis in disseminated malignant diseases. New England Journal of Medicine 276: 1045-1052, 1967.
41. Hathout SED, El-Ghaffar YA, Awny AY. Salmonellosis complicating schistosomiasis in Egypt. A new clinical appreciation. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 16: 462-472, 1967.
42. Hathout SED, El-Ghaffar YA, Awny AY, Hassan K. Relation between urinary schistosomiasis and chronic enteric urinary carrier state among Egyptians. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 15: 156-161, 1966.
43. Higashi GI. The interaction of Schistosoma and bacterial infections. World Health Organization. Expert Committee on the Control of Schistosomiasis, Geneva 8-13 november/SCH/EC/WP/84.30, 1984.
44. Hornick RB. Non-typhoid salmonellosis. In: Hoeprich PD (ed) Infectious Diseases, third edition, Harper and Row, Philadelphia, p. 655-661, 1983.
45. Hornick RB. Selective primary health care. Strategies for control of disease in developing world. XX. Typhoid fever. Review of Infectious Diseases 7: 536-546, 1985.
46. Hornick RB, Greisman SE, Woodward TE, Dupont HL, Dawkins AT, Snyder MJ. Typhoid fever: pathogenesis and immunologic control. New England Journal of Medicine 283: 739-746, 1970.
47. Hsu HS, Radcliffe AS. Interactions between macrophages of guinea pigs and Salmonellae. I: Fate of Salmonella typhimurium within macrophages of normal guinea pigs. Journal of Bacteriology 96: 191-197, 1968.
48. Jesus AR, Magalhães A, Miranda DG, Miranda RG, Araújo MI, de Jesus AA, Silva A, Santana LB, Pearce E, Carvalho EM. Association of type 2 cytokines with hepatic fibrosis in human Schistosoma mansoni infection. Infection and Immunity 72: 3391-3397, 2004.
49. Jones CE, Rachford FW, Ali Özcell M, Lewert RM. Schistosoma japonicum: semiquantitative assessment of circulating immune complexes, serum C1q and C3 , and their relationship to renal pathology and hepatic fibrosis in rabbits. Experimental Parasitology 42: 221-234, 1977.
50. King CH, Dangerfield-Cha M. The unacknowledged impact of chronic schistosomiasis. Chronic Illness 4: 65-79, 2008.
51. Kita E, Emoto M, Yasui K, Yasui K, Katsui N, Nishi K, Kashiba S. Cellular aspects of the longer-lasting immunity against mouse typhoid infection afforded by live-cell and ribossomal vaccines. Immunology 57: 431-435, 1986. (Pubitemid 16112254)
52. Kloetzel K, Faleiros JJ, Mendes SR, Stanley CT, Arias HS. Concomitant infection of albino mice by Trypanosoma cruzi and Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitological parameters. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67: 652-658, 1973.
53. Kloos H, Correa-Oliveira R, Quites HFO, Souza MCC, Gazzinelli A. Socioeconomic studies of schistosomiasis in Brazil: A review. Acta Tropica 108:194-201, 2008.
54. Knight R, Warren KS. The interaction between Entamoeba histolytica and Schistosoma mansoni infections in mice. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67: 644-651, 1973.
55. Krakower C, Hoffman WA, Axtmayer JH. The fate of schistosomes (S. mansoni) in experimental infections of normal and vitamin A deficient white rats. The Puerto Rico Journal of Public Health and Tropical Medicine 16: 269-345, 1940.
56. Lambertucci JR, Marinho RP, Ferreira MD, Neves J, Pedroso ER. Therapeutic efficacy of oral oxamniquine in the treatment of prolonged septicemic salmonellosis. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 27: 33-39, 1985.
57. Lambertucci JR, Rayes AAM, Serufo JC, Gerspacher-Lara R, Brasileiro-Filho G, Teixeira R, Antunes CMF, Goes AM, Coelho PMZ. Schistosomiasis and associated infections. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 93 (supl I): 135-139, 1998.
58. Lambertucci JR, Serufo JC, Gerspacher-Lara R, Rayes AAM, Teixeira R, Nobre V, Antunes CMF. Schistosoma mansoni: assessment of morbidity before and after control. Acta Tropica 77: 101-109, 2000.
59. Lambertucci JR, Silva LCS, Voieta I. Esquistossomose mansônica. In: Coura JR (ed) Dinâmica das Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, p. 931-946, 2005.
60. Laughlin LW, Farid Z, Mansour N, Edman DC, Higashi GI. Bacteriuria in urinary schistosomiasis in Egypt. A prevalence survey. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 27: 916-918, 1978. (Pubitemid 9041811)
61. Lawley TJ, Ottensen EA, Hiatt RA, Gazze LA. Circulating immune complexes in acute schistosomiasis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 37: 221-227, 1979. (Pubitemid 9220576)
62. Lehman Jr JS, Farid Z, Smith JH, Bassily S, El-Masry NA. Urinary schistosomiasis in Egypt: clinical, radiological, bacteriological and parasitological correlations. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67: 384-399, 1973.
63. Lima DB, Pessoa MHR, Suassuna I. I. Modelo de esquistossomose crônica, em camundongo, para estudo da interação com salmonelose. Revista Lationoamericana de Microbiologia 24: 273-280, 1982.
64. Lissner CR, Swanson RN, O'Brien AD. Genetic control of the innate resistance of mice to Salmonella typhimurium: expression of the Ity gene in peritoneal and splenic macrophages isolated in vitro. Journal of Immunology 131: 3006-3013, 1983.
65. Lo Verde PT, Amento C, Higashi GI. Parasite-parasite interaction of Salmonella typhimurium and Schistosoma. Journal of Infectious Diseases 141: 177-185, 1980.
66. Macedo V, Bina JC, Prata A. Tratamento da salmonelose de curso prolongado com Hycanthone. Gazeta Médica da Bahia 3: 194-199, 1970.
67. Machado JAM, Silva EN, Katz N, Rocha RS, Gazzinelli G. Peripheral lymphocytes in patients with intestinal schistosomiasis mansoni. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 72: 441, 1978. (Pubitemid 8389167)
68. Mackaness GB, Blanden RV, Collins FM. Host-parasite relations in mouse typhoid. Journal of Experimental Medicine 124: 573-583, 1966.
69. Magalhães A, Miranda DG, Miranda RG, Araújo MI, Jesus AA, Silva A, Santana LB, Pearce E, Carvalho EM, Jesus AR. Cytokine profile associated with human chronic schistosomiasis mansoni. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 99 (supl I): 21-26, 2004. (Pubitemid 39278612)
70. Mahmoud AAF. Schistosomiasis. In: Gilles HM (ed) Recent advances in Tropical Medicine, Churchill Livingstone, London, p. 179-206, 1984.
71. Melhem RF, Lo Verde PT. Mechanism of interaction of Salmonella and Schistosoma species. Infection and Immunity 44: 274-281, 1984.
72. Mendes E, Mendes NF. High levels of IgE in patients with schistosomiasis mansoni. Quantification of total and specific IgE and IgG. Tropical and Geographic Medicine 34: 133-137, 1982.
73. Mikhail IA, Higashi GI, Edman DC, Elwan SH. Interaction of Salmonella paratyphi A and Schistosoma mansoni in hamsters. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 31: 328-334, 1982.
74. Mitsuhashi S, Sato I, Tanaka T. Experimental salmonelosis. Intracellular growth of Salmonella enteriditis ingested in mononuclear phagocytes of mice, and cellular basis of immunity. Journal of Bacteriology 81: 863-868,1961.
75. Moellering RC, Weinberg AN. Persistent Salmonella infection in a female carrier of chronic granulomatous disease. Annals of Internal Medicine 73: 595-601, 1970.
76. Mota-Santos TA, Gazzinelli G, Ramalho-Pinto FJ, Pellegrino J, Silva WD. Immunodepression in mice following Schistosoma mansoni infection. . Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 18: 246-250, 1976.
77. Mota-Santos TA, Tavares CAP, Gazzinelli G, Pellegrino J. Immunosuppression mediated by adult worms in chronic schistosomiasis mansoni. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 26: 727-731,1977. (Pubitemid 8169294)
78. Muniz-Junqueira MI. Reposta imune e atividade de macrófagos para Salmonella na esquistossomose mansoni. Tese, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 1987.
79. Muniz-Junqueira MI, Prata A, Tosta CE. Phagocytic and bactericidal function of mouse macrophages to Salmonella typhimurium in schistosomiasis mansoni. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 46: 132-136, 1992.
80. Muniz-Junqueira MI, Prata A, Tosta CE. Factors influencing phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium by macrophages in murine schistosomiasis. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 30: 101-106, 1997.
81. Muniz-Junqueira MI, Tavares-Neto, Ataide M, Prata A, Tosta CE. Specific treatment of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis can increase T-lymphocyte reactivity. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 24: 97-99, 1991.
82. Muniz-Junqueira MI, Tavares-Neto J, Prata A, Tosta CE. Antibody response to Salmonella typhi in human schistosomiasis mansoni. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 29: 441-445, 1996.
83. Muniz-Junqueira MI, Tosta CE, Prata A. T cell-dependent immunodepression in vivo in Schistosoma mansoni- infected patients. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 23: 27-31, 1990.
84. Muniz-Junqueira MI, Tosta CE, Prata A. Existe forma subclínica de salmonelose septicêmica prolongada? Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 24: 90, 1991.
85. Nadelman RB, Mathur-Wagh U, Yancovitz SR, Mildvan D. Salmonella bacteremia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Archives of Internal Medicine 145: 1968-1971, 1985.
86. Nash TE, Ottesen EA, Cheever AW. Antibody responses to a polysaccharide antigen present in the schistosome gut. II. Modulation of antibody response. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 27: 944-950, 1978. (Pubitemid 9041817)
87. Neves J. Salmonelose septicêmica prolongada em face às doutrinas de Kiel e de Montevidéu. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 1: 59-68, 1967.
88. Neves J. Salmonelose septicêmica prolongada. Jornal Brasileiro de Medicina 15: 247-259, 1968.
89. Neves J, Martins NRL. Salmonelose septicêmica prolongada. Subsídio à sua patogenia. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 7: 233-240, 1965.
90. Neves J, Martins NRL. Long duration of septicaemic salmonellosis: 35 cases with 12 implicated species of Salmonella. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 61: 541-552, 1967.
91. O'Brien AD. Innate resistance of mice to Salmonella typhi infection. Infection and Immunity 38: 948-952,1982.
92. O'Brien AD, Metcalf ES. Control of early Salmonella typhimurium growth in innately Salmonella-resistant mice does not require functional T lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 129: 1349-1351, 1982.
93. Olds GR, El Kholy A, Ellner JJ. Two distinctive patterns of monocyte immunoregulatory and effector functions in heavy human infections with Schistosoma mansoni. Journal of Immunology 131: 954-958, 1983.
94. + distribution profile in individuals infected by Schistosoma mansoni. Clinical Immunology 69: 521-528, 2009.
95. Ottens H, Dickerson G. Studies on the effects of bacteria on experimental schistosomiasis infections in animals. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66: 85-107, 1972.
96. Pearce EJ, MacDonald AS. The immunobiology of schistosomiasis. Nature Reviews Immunology 2: 499-511, 2002.
97. Pelley RP, Ruffier JJ, Warren KS. Suppressive effect of a chronic helminth infection, schistosomiasis mansoni, on the in vitro responses of spleen and lymph node cells to the T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. Infection and Immunity 13: 1176-1183, 1976.
98. Plant J, Glyn AA. Genetics of resistance to infection with Salmonella typhimurium in mice. Journal of Infectious Diseases 133: 72-78, 1976.
99. Prata A. Patogenia da febre tifóide prolongada. Gazeta Médica da Bahia 69: 111-112, 1969.
100. Prata A. Schistosomiasis mansoni. Clinics in Gastroenterology 7: 49-74, 1978.
101. Prata A. Esquistossomose mansoni. In: Veronesi R (ed) Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, p. 884-904, 1982.
102. Prata A. Infection with S. mansoni. In: Jordan P, Webbe G (eds) Schistosomiasis. Epidemiology, treatment and control. Heinemann Medical Books, London, p. 105-127, 1982.
103. Rajagopalan P, Kumar R, Malaviya N. Immunological studies in typhoid fever. I. Immunoglobulins, C3, antibodies, rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complexes in patients with typhoid fever. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 44: 68-73, 1981.
104. Rajagopalan P, Kumar R, Malaviya N. Immunological studies in typhoid fever. II. Cellular immune responses and lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with typhoid fever. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 47: 269-274, 1982.
105. Rocha H. Aspectos da interação do S. mansoni com bactérias do gênero Salmonella. In: Aspectos peculiares da infecção pelo Schistosoma mansoni. Centro de Estudos de Doenças Regionais (CEDRE), Centro Editorial e Didático da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, p. 65-74, 1984.
106. Rocha H, Castilho EA, Barreto AC, Hook EW. Características da infecção por S. typhimurium em camundongos infectados com S. mansoni. Gazeta Médica da Bahia 68: 6-18, 1968.
107. Rocha H, Kirk JW, Hearey CD. Prolonged Salmonella bacteremia in patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection. Archives of Internal Medicine 128: 254-257, 1971.
108. Rocha H, Magnavita M, Teles ES, Rebouças G. Atividade antibacteriana do soro de pacientes com a forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose mansônica. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 10: 364-370, 1968.
109. Rocha H, McCrory M, Oliveira MMG. Início da infecção por S. typhimurium em camundongos com esquistossomose mansônica. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 13: 328-332, 1971.
110. Rocha H, Oliveira MMG, Oliveira VS, Prata A. Algumas caracterí sticas da infecção por Salmonella typhi em camundongos com esquistossomose experimental: multiplicação da bactéria no Schistosoma mansoni. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 13: 399-404, 1971.
111. Rocha H, Oliveira VS, Oliveira MMG. The interaction of Gram-negative bacteria and S. mansoni in mice with experimental schistosomiasis. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 75: 161-172, 1980.
112. Rocklin RE, Brown AP, Warren KS, Pelley RP, Houba V, Siongok TKA, Ouma J, Sturrock RF, Butterworth AE. Factors that modify the cellular-immune response in patients infected by Schistosoma mansoni. The Journal of Immunology 125: 1916-1923, 1980.
113. Salam EA, Higashi GI, Kamal KA, Ishaac S. Cell-mediated immune assay in children with Schistosoma haematobium infection and the effect of niridazole therapy. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 75: 207-214, 1981.
114. Samra Y, Shaked Y, Maier MK. Nontyphoid salmonellosis in renal transplant recipients: report of five cases and review of the literature. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 8: 431-440, 1986.
115. Schiller CF, Fernandez DJ, Rocha H. Reação inflamatória local de pacientes com esquistossomose mansônica antes e após esplenectomia. Gazeta Médica da Bahia 66: 76-81, 1966.
116. Serufo JC, Lambertucci JR. Esquistossomose e hepatites virais: uma revisão. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 30:313-322, 1997.
117. Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Yasuda PH, Ferri RG, Castilho EA, Shiroma M. Resposta imune humoral à vacina antitifoídica em esquistossomose mansônica hepatoesplênica. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 24: 198-204, 1982.
118. Silveira AM, Gazzinelli G, Alves-Oliveira LF, Bethony J, Gazzinelli A, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Alvarez MC, Lima-Silva FC, Prata A, LoVerde PT, Correa-Oliveira R. Human schistosomiasis mansoni: intensity of infection differentially affects the production of interleukin-10, interferon-gamma and interleukin-13 by soluble egg antigen or adult worm antigen stimulated cultures. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 98: 514-519, 2004. (Pubitemid 38987086)
119. Skamene E, Gros P, Forget A, Kongshavn PAL, Charles CS, Taylor BA. Genetic regulation of resistance to intracellular pathogens. Nature 297: 506-509, 1982.
120. Smith MD, Verroust PJ, Morel-Moroger L. A study of the presence of circulating immune complexes in schistosomiasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71: 343-348, 1977. (Pubitemid 8164452)
121. Smith RA, Bigley NJ. Detection of delayed hypersensitivity in mice injected with ribonucleic acid-protein fractions of Salmonella typhimurium. Infection and Immunity 6: 384-389, 1972.
122. Smithers SR, Doenhoff MK. Schistosomiasis. In: Cohen S, Warren KS (eds) Immunology of Parasitic Infections, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston, p. 527-607, 1982.
123. Swanson RN, O'Brien AD. Genetic control of the innate resistance of mice to Salmonella typhimurium. Ity gene is expressed in vivo by 24 hours after infection. Journal of Immunology 131: 3014-3020, 1983.
124. Tai TY, Hsu CY, Chang HC, Liu YK. Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers occurring in cases of schistosomiasis. Chinese Medical Journal 76:426-435, 1958.
125. Teixeira RS. Estudo clínico de casos de febre tifóide prolongada. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 1959.
126. Teixeira RS. A febre tifóide de curso prolongado e o calazar: estudo comparativo. O Hospital 63: 165-186, 1963.
127. Teixeira RS. Associação da infecção por S. mansoni e bacteremia prolongada por enterobactérias. In: Aspectos peculiares da infecção pelo Schistosoma mansoni. Centro de Estudos de Doenças Regionais (CEDRE), Centro Editorial e Didático da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, p. 35-102, 1984.
128. Teixeira RS. Enterobacteriose septicêmica prolongada. In: Focaccia R (ed) Veronesi Tratado de Infectologia, terceira edição, Editora Atheneu, São Paulo, p. 853-860, 2005.
129. Teixeira R, Bina JC, Barreto SH. Septicemia prolongada por bactéria do gênero Escherichia em paciente com esquistossomose mansônica. Revista Médica da Bahia 22: 70-74, 1976.
130. Tuazon CCU, Nash T, Cheever A, Neva F, Lininger L. Influence of Salmonella bacteremia on the survival of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Journal of Infectious Diseases 151: 1166-1167, 1985.
131. Underhill DM, Ozinsky A. Phagocytosis of microbes: complexity in action. Annual Review of Immunology 20: 825-852, 2002.
132. Warren JW, Hornick RB. Immunization against typhoid fever. Annual Review of Medicine 30: 457-472, 1979.
133. Warren KS. The secret of the immunopathogenesis of schistosomiasis: in vivo model. Immunological Reviews 61: 189-213,1982.
134. Weinstein DL, Carsiotis M, Lissner CR, O'Brien AD. Flagella help Salmonella typhimurium survive within murine macrophages. Infection and Immunity 46: 819-825, 1984.
135. Wilson MK, Mentink-Kane M, Pesce JT, Ramalingam TR, Thompson R, Wynn TA. Immunophatology of schistosomiasis. Immunology and Cell Biology 85: 148-154; 2007.
136. Wolfe MS. Armstrong D, Louria DB, Blevins A. Salmonellosis in patients with neoplastic disease. Archives of Internal Medicine 128: 546-554, 1971.
137. World Health Organization. The control of schistosomiasis. Technical Report Series 728, 1985.
138. Yoeli M. Some aspects of concomitant infections of plasmodia and schistosomes. I. The effect of Schistosoma mansoni on the course of infection of Plasmodium berghei in the field vole (Microtus guentheri). The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 5: 988-999, 1956.
139. Young SW, Higashi G, Kamel R, Abdin AZ, Mikhail IA. Interaction of salmonellae and schistosomes in host-parasite relations. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67: 979-1802, 1973.
140. Zhang X-L, Jeza VT, Pan Q. Salmonella typhi: from a human pathogen to a vaccine vector. Cellular and Molecular Immunology 5: 91-97, 2008.