Measurements of airborne methylene diphenyl diisocyanate concentration in the U.S. workplace — comment

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

Volumn 6, Issue 11, 2009, Pages D82-D83

  Redlich, Carrie A ^a   Bello, Dhimiter ^b   Woskie, Susan R ^b   Streicher, Robert P ^c  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL   (United States)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4,4' DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE; 4,4'-DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE; ISOCYANIC ACID DERIVATIVE;

AIR POLLUTANT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMAN; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; METHODOLOGY; NOTE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; STATISTICS;

AIR POLLUTANTS, OCCUPATIONAL; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMANS; ISOCYANATES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE;

EID: 70349786784     PISSN: 15459624     EISSN: 15459632     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15459620903256427     Document Type: Letter

References (16)

1. Booth, K., B. Cummings, W.J. Karoly, et al.: Measurements of airborne methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) concentration in the U.S. workplace. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 6:228–238 (2009).
2. Streicher, R.P., C.M. Reh, R.J. Key-Schwartz, P.C. Schlecht, M.E. Cassinelli, and P.F. O’Connor: Determination of airborne isocyanate exposure: Considerations in method selection. AIHAJ 61(4):544–556 (2000).
3. International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Workplace Air—Guidelines for Selecting Analytical Methods for Sampling and Analyzing Isocyanates in Air (ISO/TR 17737:2007) [Standard] Geneva: ISO, 2007.
4. Lesage, J., J. Stanley, W.J. Karoly, and F.W. Lichtenberg: Airborne methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) concentrations associated with the application of polyurethane spray foam in residential construction. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 4:145–155 (2007).
5. Bello, D., S.R. Woskie, R.P. Streicher, et al.: Polyisocyanates in occupational environments: A critical review of exposure limits and metrics. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:480–491 (2004).
6. Health and Safety Executive (HSE): MDHS25/3, Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances: Organic Isocyanates in Air. London: HSE, Ocupational Safety and Hygiene Laboratory, 1987.
7. Marand, A., J. Dahlin, D. Karlsson, G. Skarping, and M. Dalene: Determination of technical grade isocyanates used in the production of polyurethane plastics. J. Environ. Monit. 6:606–614 (2004).
8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Preventing Asthma and Death from MDI Exposure During Spray- On Truck Bed Liner and Related Applications (Pub. No. 2006-149). Cincinnati, Ohio: DHHS (NIOSH), 2006.
9. Crespo, J., and J. Galan: Exposure to MDI during the process of insulating buildings with sprayed polyurethane foam. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 43:415–419 (1999).
10. Ulvestad, B., E. Melbostad, and P. Fuglerud: Asthma in tunnel workers exposed to synthetic resins. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 25:335–341 (1999).
11. Donnelly, R., J.B. Buick, and J. Macmahon: Occupational asthma after exposure to plaster casts containing methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Occup. Med. (London)54:432–434 (2004).
12. Bernstein, D.I., L. Korbee, T. Stauder, et al.: The low prevalence of occupational asthma and antibody-dependent sensitization to diphenylmethane diisocyanate in a plant engineered for minimal exposure to diisocyanates. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 92:387–396 (1993).
13. Petsonk, E.L., M.L. Wang, D.M. Lewis, P.D. Siegel, and B.J. Husberg: Asthma-like symptoms in wood product plant workers exposed to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Chest 118:1183–1193 (2000).
14. Bello, D., C.A. Herrick, T.J. Smith, et al.: Skin exposure to isocyanates: Reasons for concern. Environ. Health Perspect. 115:328–335 (2007).
15. Redlich, C.A., and C.A. Herrick: Lung/skin connections in occupational lung disease. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 8:115–119 (2008).
16. Pauluhn, J.: Brown Norway rat asthma model of diphenylmethane- 4,4’-diisocyanate (MDI): Analysis of the elicitation dose-response relationship. Toxicol. Sci. 104:320–331 (2008)