Statins fail to improve outcome in experimental cerebral malaria and potentiate toll-like receptor-mediated cytokine production by murine macrophages

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 81, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 631-637

  Helmers, Andrew J ^a   Gowda, D Channe ^b   Kain, Kevin C ^a   Liles, W Conrad ^a  

^a TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^b PENN STATE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 6; SIMVASTATIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BRAIN MALARIA; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DRUG INHIBITION; DRUG POTENTIATION; MACROPHAGE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PLASMODIUM BERGHEI INFECTION; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; SURVIVAL;

ANIMALS; ANTIMALARIALS; CELLS, CULTURED; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; INTERLEUKIN-6; MACROPHAGES, PERITONEAL; MALARIA, CEREBRAL; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; PARASITEMIA; PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; SIMVASTATIN; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4;

MURINAE; MUS; PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM;

EID: 70349757024     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0204     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Mohan A, Sharma SK, Bollineni S, 2008. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in malaria. J Vector Borne Dis 45: 179-193.
2. Carcillo JA, 2005. Reducing the global burden of sepsis in infants and children: a clinical practice research agenda. Pediatr Crit Care Med 6: S157-S164.
3. Hunt NH, Grau GE, 2003. Cytokines: accelerators and brakes in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Trends Immunol 24: 491-499. (Pubitemid 37088152)
4. Abraham E, Singer M, 2007. Mechanisms of sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. Crit Care Med 35: 2408-2416.
5. Ekland EH, Fidock DA, 2007. Advances in understanding the genetic basis of antimalarial drug resistance. Curr Opin Microbiol 10: 363-370.
6. Jain MK, Ridker PM, 2005. Anti-inflammatory effects of statins: clinical evidence and basic mechanisms. Nat Rev Drug Discov 4: 977-987.
7. Ridker PM, Cannon CP, Morrow D, Rifai N, Rose LM, McCabe CH, Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22(PROVE IT-TIMI 22) Investigators, 2005. C-reactive protein levels and outcomes after statin therapy. N Engl J Med 352: 20-28.
8. Wenke K, Meiser B, Thiery J, Reichart B, 2005. Impact of simvastatin therapy after heart transplantation an 11-year prospective evaluation. Herz 30: 431-432. (Pubitemid 41238961)
9. Maki-Petaja KM, Booth AD, Hall FC, Wallace SM, Brown J, McEniery CM, Wilkinson IB, 2007. Ezetimibe and simvastatin reduce inflammation, disease activity, and aortic stiffness and improve endothelial function in rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Coll Cardiol 50: 852-858. (Pubitemid 47268750)
10. Merx MW, Liehn EA, Graf J, van de Sandt A, Schakenbrand M, Schrader J, Hanrath P, Weber C, 2005. Statin treatment after onset of sepsis in a murine model improves survival. Circulation 112: 117-124. (Pubitemid 40962577)
11. Merx MW, Liehn EA, Janssens U, Lutticken R, Schrader J, Hanrath P, Weber C, 2004. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin profoundly improves survival in a murine model of sepsis. Circulation 109: 2560-2565. (Pubitemid 38720557)
12. Ando H, Takamura T, Ota T, Nagai Y, Kobayashi K, 2000. Cerivastatin improves survival of mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 294: 1043-1046. (Pubitemid 30666857)
13. Chen CH, Lee RP, Wu WT, Liao KW, Hsu N, Hsu BG, 2007. Fluvastatin ameliorates endotoxin induced multiple organ failure in conscious rats. Resuscitation 74: 166-174. (Pubitemid 46891671)
14. Chaudhry MZ, Wang JH, Blankson S, Redmond HP, 2008. Statin (cerivastatin) protects mice against sepsis-related death via reduced proinflammatory cytokines and enhanced bacterial clearance. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 9: 183-194. (Pubitemid 351563813)
15. Greenwood J, Walters CE, Pryce G, Kanuga N, Beraud E, Baker D, Adamson P, 2003. Lovastatin inhibits brain endothelial cell rho-mediated lymphocyte migration and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FASEB J 17: 905-907.
16. McKay A, Leung BP, McInnes IB, Thomson NC, Liew FY, 2004. A novel anti-inflammatory role of simvastatin in a murine model of allergic asthma. J Immunol 172: 2903-2908. (Pubitemid 38263676)
17. Kim DY, Ryu SY, Lim JE, Lee YS, Ro JY, 2007. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of simvastatin in mouse allergic asthma model. Eur J Pharmacol 557: 76-86. (Pubitemid 46135553)
18. Gowda DC, 2007. TLR-mediated cell signaling by malaria GPIs. Trends Parasitol 23: 596-604.
19. de Souza JB, Riley EM, 2002. Cerebral malaria: the contribution of studies in animal models to our understanding of immunopathogenesis. Microbes Infect 4: 291-300.
20. Matsumoto M, Einhaus D, Gold ES, Aderem A, 2004. Simvastatin augments lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory responses in macrophages by differential regulation of the c-fos and c-jun transcription factors. J Immunol 172: 7377-7384. (Pubitemid 38747598)
21. Serghides L, Kain KC, 2001. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-retinoid X receptor agonists increase CD36-dependent phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes and decrease malaria-induced TNF-alpha secretion by monocytes/macrophages. J Immunol 166: 6742-6748. (Pubitemid 32467218)
22. Sakai H, Hisamoto S, Fukutomi I, Sou K, Takeoka S, Tsuchida E, 2004. Detection of lipopolysaccharide in hemoglobin-vesicles by limulus amebocyte lysate test with kinetic-turbidimetric gel clotting analysis and pretreatment of surfactant. J Pharm Sci 93: 310-321. (Pubitemid 38174254)
23. Krishnegowda G, Hajjar AM, Zhu J, Douglass EJ, Uematsu S, Akira S, Woods AS, Gowda DC, 2005. Induction of proinflammatory responses in macrophages by the glycosylphosphatidylinositols of Plasmodium falciparum: cell signaling receptors, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) structural requirement, and regulation of GPI activity. J Biol Chem 280: 8606-8616. (Pubitemid 40349765)
24. Lu Z, Serghides L, Patel SN, Degousee N, Rubin BB, Krishnegowda G, Gowda DC, Karin M, Kain KC, 2006. Disruption of JNK2 decreases the cytokine response to Plasmodium falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositol in vitro and confers protection in a cerebral malaria model. J Immunol 177: 6344-6352. (Pubitemid 44628853)
25. Morgan E, Varro R, Sepulveda H, Ember JA, Apgar J, Wilson J, Lowe L, Chen R, Shivraj L, Agadir A, Campos R, Ernst D, Gaur A, 2004. Cytometric bead array: a multiplexed assay platform with applications in various areas of biology. Clin Immunol 110: 252-266. (Pubitemid 38402005)
26. Christensen M, Su AW, Snyder RW, Greco A, Lipschutz JH, Madaio MP, 2006. Simvastatin protection against acute immunemediated glomerulonephritis in mice. Kidney Int 69: 457-463. (Pubitemid 43164436)
27. Mach F, 2004. Statins as immunomodulatory agents. Circulation 109: II15-II17.
28. Kobbe R, Schreiber N, May J, Jacobs T, 2008. Simvastatin treatment shows no effect on the incidence of cerebral malaria or parasitemia during experimental malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52: 1583-1584.
29. Bienvenu AL, Picot S, 2008. Statins alone are ineffective in cerebral malaria but potentiate artesunate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52: 4203-4204.
30. Vigario AM, Belnoue E, Gruner AC, Mauduit M, Kayibanda M, Deschemin JC, Marussig M, Snounou G, Mazier D, Gresser I, Renia L, 2007. Recombinant human IFN-alpha inhibits cerebral malaria and reduces parasite burden in mice. J Immunol 178: 6416-6425. (Pubitemid 46717425)
31. Day NP, Hien TT, Schollaardt T, Loc PP, Chuong LV, Chau TT, Mai NT, Phu NH, Sinh DX, White NJ, Ho M, 1999. The prognostic and pathophysiologic role of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in severe malaria. J Infect Dis 180: 1288-1297. (Pubitemid 30070216)
32. Grau GE, Frei K, Piguet PF, Fontana A, Heremans H, Billiau A, Vassalli P, Lambert PH, 1990. Interleukin 6 production in experimental cerebral malaria: modulation by anticytokine antibodies and possible role in hypergammaglobulinemia. J Exp Med 172: 1505-1508. (Pubitemid 20366226)
33. Romano M, Diomede L, Sironi M, Massimiliano L, Sottocorno M, Polentarutti N, Guglielmotti A, Albani D, Bruno A, Fruscella P, Salmona M, Vecchi A, Pinza M, Mantovani A, 2000. Inhibition of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 synthesis by statins. Lab Invest 80: 1095-1100. (Pubitemid 30483228)
34. Tsuchiya A, Nagotani S, Hayashi T, Deguchi K, Sehara Y, Yamashita T, Zhang H, Lukic V, Kamiya T, Abe K, 2007. Macrophage infiltration, lectin-like oxidized-LDL receptor-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are reduced by chronic HMG-CoA reductase inhibition. Curr Neurovasc Res 4: 268-273. (Pubitemid 350171827)
35. Rallidis LS, Hamodraka ES, Fountoulaki K, Moustogiannis G, Zolindaki MG, Kremastinos DT, 2008. Simvastatin exerts its anti-inflammatory effect in hypercholesterolaemic patients by decreasing the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Int J Cardiol 124: 271-272. (Pubitemid 351173361)
36. Tanimoto A, Murata Y, Wang KY, Tsutsui M, Kohno K, Sasaguri Y, 2008. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression is enhanced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor via Jak2-Stat5 signaling and inhibited by atorvastatin in human monocytic U937 cells. J Biol Chem 283: 4643-4651.
37. de Kossodo S, Grau GE, 1993. Profiles of cytokine production in relation with susceptibility to cerebral malaria. J Immunol 151: 4811-4820.
38. Grau GE, Fajardo LF, Piguet PF, Allet B, Lambert PH, Vassalli P, 1987. Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) as an essential mediator in murine cerebral malaria. Science 237: 1210-1212.
39. Grau GE, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, Vassalli P, Hommel M, Lambert PH, 1989. Tumor necrosis factor and disease severity in children with falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 320: 1586-1591. (Pubitemid 19154572)
40. Kwiatkowski D, Hill AV, Sambou I, Twumasi P, Castracane J, Manogue KR, Cerami A, Brewster DR, Greenwood BM, 1990. TNF concentration in fatal cerebral, non-fatal cerebral, and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Lancet 336: 1201-1204. (Pubitemid 20382913)
41. Grellier P, Valentin A, Millerioux V, Schrevel J, Rigomier D, 1994. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors lovastatin and simvastatin inhibit in vitro development of Plasmodium falciparum and babesia divergens in human erythrocytes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38: 1144-1148. (Pubitemid 24150853)
42. Pradines B, Torrentino-Madamet M, Fontaine A, Henry M, Baret E, Mosnier J, Briolant S, Fusai T, Rogier C, 2007. Atorvastatin is 10-fold more active in vitro than other statins against Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51: 2654-2655. (Pubitemid 47047361)
43. Niessner A, Steiner S, Speidl WS, Pleiner J, Seidinger D, Maurer G, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM, Kopp CW, Huber K, Wolzt M, Wojta J, 2006. Simvastatin suppresses endotoxin-induced upregulation of toll-like receptors 4 and 2 in vivo. Atherosclerosis 189: 408-413. (Pubitemid 44634488)
44. Methe H, Kim JO, Kofler S, Nabauer M, Weis M, 2005. Statins decrease toll-like receptor 4 expression and downstream signaling in human CD14+ monocytes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25: 1439-1445. (Pubitemid 40923365)
45. Foldes G, von Haehling S, Okonko DO, Jankowska EA, Poole-Wilson PA, Anker SD, 2008. Fluvastatin reduces increased blood monocyte toll-like receptor 4 expression in whole blood from patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 124: 80-85.
46. Yilmaz A, Reiss C, Weng A, Cicha I, Stumpf C, Steinkasserer A, Daniel WG, Garlichs CD, 2006. Differential effects of statins on relevant functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 79: 529-538. (Pubitemid 44831230)
47. Sun D, Fernandes G, 2003. Lovastatin inhibits bone marrow-derived dendritic cell maturation and upregulates proinflammatory cytokine production. Cell Immunol 223: 52-62. (Pubitemid 36945549)
48. Kiener PA, Davis PM, Murray JL, Youssef S, Rankin BM, Kowala M, 2001. Stimulation of inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo by lipophilic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Int Immunopharmacol 1: 105-118. (Pubitemid 32193606)