Cavernous carotid aneurysms: To treat or not to treat?

Neurosurgical Focus

Volumn 26, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1-20

  Eddleman, Christopher S ^a   Hurley, Michael C ^b   Bendok, Bernard R ^a,b   Batjer, H Hunt ^a  

^a Department of Neurological Surgery ^*  (United States)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cavernous carotid aneurysm; Endovascular therapy; Microsurgery; Vascular surgery

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL EMBOLISM; CAROTID ARTERY INJURY; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; DECISION TREE; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY; INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM; METHODOLOGY; NEUROSURGERY; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PEROPERATIVE COMPLICATION; RADIOGRAPHY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STANDARD; VASCULAR SURGERY;

CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL; CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL, DISSECTION; CLINICAL PROTOCOLS; DECISION TREES; EMBOLIZATION, THERAPEUTIC; HUMANS; INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM; INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; RISK ASSESSMENT; VASCULAR SURGICAL PROCEDURES;

EID: 70349735854     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10920684     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3171/2009.2.FOCUS0920     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Aletich VA, Debrun GM, Misra M, Charbel F, Ausman JI: The remodeling technique of balloon-assisted Guglielmi detachable coil placement in wide-necked aneurysms: experience at the University of Illinois at Chicago. J Neurosurg 93:388-396, 2000.
2. Barath K, Cassot F, Fasel JH, Ohta M, Rufenacht DA: Influence of stent properties on the alteration of cerebral intra-aneurysmal haemodynamics: flow quantification in elastic sidewall aneurysm models. Neurol Res 27 (Suppl 1):S120-S128, 2005.
3. Batjer HH, Samson DS: Retrograde suction decompression of giant paraclinoidal aneurysms. Technical note. J Neurosurg 73:305-306, 1990.
4. Bavinzski G, Killer M, Ferraz-Leite H, Gruber A, Gross CE, Richling B: Endovascular therapy of idiopathic cavernous aneurysms over 11 years. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19:559-565, 1998.
5. Bendok BR, Murad A, Getch CC, Batjer HH: Failure of a saphenous vein extracranial-intracranial bypass graft to protect against bilateral middle cerebral artery ischemia after carotid artery occlusion: case report. Neurosurgery 45:367-370, 1999.
6. Bendok BR, Parkinson RJ, Hage ZA, Adel JG, Gounis MJ: The effect of vascular reconstruction device-assisted coiling on packing density, effective neck coverage, and angiographic outcome: an in vitro study. Neurosurgery 61:835-840, 2007.
7. Bendszus M, Chapot R: Balloon-assisted coil embolization. "Surgical clip application should be considered as a first treatment option in large and wide-necked aneurysms". J Neurosurg 106:734-735, 2007.
8. Bhatoe HS, Suryanarayana KV, Gill HS: Recurrent massive epistaxis due to traumatic intracavernous internal carotid artery aneurysm. J Laryngol Otol 109:650-652, 1995.
9. Chaboki H, Patel AB, Freifeld S, Urken ML, Som PM: Cavernous carotid aneurysm presenting with epistaxis. Head Neck 26:741-746, 2004.
10. Chibbaro S, Tacconi L: Extracranial-intracranial bypass for the treatment of cavernous sinus aneurysms. J Clin Neurosci 13:1001-1005, 2006.
11. Clarke G, Mendelow AD, Mitchell P: Predicting the risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms based on anatomical location. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 147:259-263, 2005.
12. Date I, Ohmoto T: Long-term outcome of surgical treatment of intracavernous giant aneurysms. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 38 (Suppl):62-69, 1998.
13. Dolenc V: Direct microsurgical repair of intracavernous vascular lesions. J Neurosurg 58:824-831, 1983.
14. Dolenc VV: Surgery of vascular lesions of the cavernous sinus. Clin Neurosurg 36:240-255, 1990.
15. Dolenc VV: Extradural approach to intracavernous ICA aneurysms. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 72:99-106, 1999.
16. Eddleman CS, Surdell D, Miller J, Shaibani A, Bendok BR: Endovascular management of a ruptured cavernous carotid artery aneurysm associated with a carotid cavernous fistula with an intracranial self-expanding microstent and hydrogelcoated coil embolization: case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 68:562-567, 2007.
17. Ferrito G, Quilici N, Gianni G, Prosetti D, Scazzeri F, Marcacci G: Balloon occlusion of the carotid artery in the treatment of cavernous giant aneurysms: two cases. Ital J Neurol Sci 15:423-427, 1994.
18. Field M, Jungreis CA, Chengelis N, Kromer H, Kirby L, Yonas H: Symptomatic cavernous sinus aneurysms: management and outcome after carotid occlusion and selective cerebral revascularization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:1200-1207, 2003.
19. Fiorella D, Woo HH, Albuquerque FC, Nelson PK: Definitive reconstruction of circumferential, fusiform intracranial aneurysms with the pipeline embolization device. Neurosurgery 62:1115-1120, 2008.
20. Freitas PE, Aquini MG, Chemale I: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery aneurysm. Surg Neurol 26:373-374, 1986.
21. Goldenberg-Cohen N, Curry C, Miller NR, Tamargo RJ, Murphy KP: Long term visual and neurological prognosis in patients with treated and untreated cavernous sinus aneurysms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75:863-867, 2004.
22. Halbach VV, Higashida RT, Dowd CF, Urwin RW, Balousek PA, Lempert TE, et al: Cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysms treated with electrolytically detachable coils. J Neuroophthalmol 17:231-239, 1997.
23. Heros RC: Thromboembolic complications after combined internal carotid ligation and extra- to-intracranial bypass. Surg Neurol 21:75-79, 1984.
24. Heros RC, Nelson PB, Ojemann RG, Crowell RM, DeBrun G: Large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms: surgical techniques, complications, and results. Neurosurgery 12:153-163, 1983.
25. Higashida RT, Halbach VV, Dowd CF, Juravsky L, Meagher S: Initial clinical experience with a new self-expanding nitinol stent for the treatment of intracranial cerebral aneurysms: the Cordis Enterprise stent. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:1751-1756, 2005.
26. Jafar JJ, Huang PP: Surgical treatment of carotid cavernous aneurysms. Neurosurg Clin N Am 9:755-763, 1998.
27. Javedan SP, Deshmukh VR, Spetzler RF, Zabramski JM: The role of cerebral revascularization in patients with intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurg Clin N Am 12:541-555, 2001.
28. Kanematsu M, Satoh K, Nakajima N, Hamazaki F, Nagahiro S: Ruptured aneurysm arising from a basilar artery fenestration and associated with a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 101:532-535, 2004.
29. Karkanevatos A, Karkos PD, Karagama YG, Foy P: Massive recurrent epistaxis from non-traumatic bilateral intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 262:546-549, 2005.
30. Kazekawa K, Tsutsumi M, Aikawa H, Iko M, Kodama T, Go Y, et al: Internal carotid aneurysms presenting with mass effect symptoms of cranial nerve dysfunction: efficacy and imitations of endosaccular embolization with GDC. Radiat Med 21:80-85, 2003.
31. Kim M, Levy EI, Meng H, Hopkins LN: Quantification of hemodynamic changes induced by virtual placement of multiple stents across a wide-necked basilar trunk aneurysm. Neurosurgery 61:1305-1312, 2007.
32. Koffijberg H, Buskens E, Algra A, Wermer MJ, Rinkel GJ: Growth rates of intracranial aneurysms: exploring constancy. J Neurosurg 109:176-185, 2008.
33. Kupersmith MJ, Stiebel-Kalish H, Huna-Baron R, Setton A,Niimi Y, Langer D, et al: Cavernous carotid aneurysms rarely cause subarachnoid hemorrhage or major neurologic morbidity. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 11:9-14, 2002.
34. Lee AG, Mawad ME, Baskin DS: Fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage from the rupture of a totally intracavernous carotid artery aneurysm: case report. Neurosurgery 38:596-599, 1996.
35. Lehmann P, Saliou G, Page C, Balut A, Le Gars D, Vallee JN: Epistaxis revealing the rupture of a carotid aneurysm of the cavernous sinus extending into the sphenoid: treatment using an uncovered stent and coils. Review of literature. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, epub ahead of print, 2008.
36. Levy EI, Mehta R, Gupta R, Hanel RA, Chamczuk AJ, Fiorella D, et al: Self-expanding stents for recanalization of acute cerebrovascular occlusions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28:816-822, 2007.
37. Levy EI, Turk AS, Albuquerque FC, Niemann DB, Aagaard-Kienitz B, Pride L, et al: Wingspan in-stent restenosis and thrombosis: incidence, clinical presentation, and management. Neurosurgery 61:644-650, 2007.
38. Li MH, Li WB, Pan YP, Fang C, Wang W: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated with aneurysm: report of two cases and review of the literature. Acta Radiol 45:664-668, 2004.
39. Liou TM, Li YC: Effects of stent porosity on hemodynamics in a sidewall aneurysm model. J Biomech 41:1174-1183, 2008.
40. Matsushita A, Yanaka K, Hyodo A, Nose T: Persistent primitive otic artery with IC-cavernous aneurysm. J Clin Neurosci 10:113-115, 2003.
41. Mawad ME, Cekirge S, Ciceri E, Saatci I: Endovascular treatment of giant and large intracranial aneurysms by using a combination of stent placement and liquid polymer injection. J Neurosurg 96:474-482, 2002.
42. Meng H, Wang Z, Kim M, Ecker RD, Hopkins LN: Saccular aneurysms on straight and curved vessels are subject to different hemodynamics: implications of intravascular stenting. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27:1861-1865, 2006.
43. Mocco J, Snyder KV, Albuquerque FC, Bendok BR, Boulos AS, Carpenter JS, et al: Treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the Enterprise stent: a multicenter registry. J Neurosurg, 110:35-39, 2008.
44. Niiro M, Shimozuru T, Nakamura K, Kadota K, Kuratsu J: Long-term follow-up study of patients with cavernous sinus aneurysm treated by proximal occlusion. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 40:88-96, 2000.
45. Parkinson RJ, Bendok BR, Getch CC, Yashar P, Shaibani A, Ankenbrandt W, et al: Retrograde suction decompression of giant paraclinoid aneurysms using a No. 7 French ballooncontaining guide catheter. Technical note. J Neurosurg 105:479-481, 2006.
46. Parkinson RJ, Bendok BR, O'Shaughnessy BA, Shaibani A, Russell EJ, Getch CC, et al: Temporary and permanent occlusion of cervical and cerebral arteries. Neurosurg Clin N Am 16:249-256, 2005.
47. Parkinson RJ, Eddleman CS, Batjer HH, Bendok BR: Giant intracranial aneurysms: endovascular challenges. Neurosurgery 59:S103-S112, 2006.
48. Pasco A, Papon X, Bracard S, Tanguy JY, Ter Minassian A, Mercier P: Persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses: how and why differentiating them? J Neuroradiol 31:391-396, 2004.
49. Polin RS, Shaffrey ME, Jensen ME, Braden L, Ferguson RD, Dion JE, et al: Medical management in the endovascular treatment of carotid-cavernous aneurysms. J Neurosurg 84:755-761, 1996.
50. Ponce FA, Albuquerque FC, McDougall CG, Han PP, Zabramski JM, Spetzler RF: Combined endovascular and microsurgical management of giant and complex unruptured aneurysms. Neurosurg Focus 17(5):E11, 2004.
51. Ringer AJ, Salud L, Tomsick TA: Carotid cavernous fistulas: anatomy, classification, and treatment. Neurosurg Clin N Am 16:279-295, 2005.
52. Rinkel GJ: Natural history, epidemiology and screening of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. J Neuroradiol 35:99-103, 2008.
53. Salas E, Ziyal IM, Sekhar LN, Wright DC: Persistent trigeminal artery: an anatomic study. Neurosurgery 43:557-561, 1998.
54. Shapiro M, Babb J, Becske T, Nelson PK: Safety and efficacy of adjunctive balloon remodeling during endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a literature review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29:1777-1781, 2008.
55. Stiebel-Kalish H, Kalish Y, Bar-On RH, Setton A, Niimi Y, Berenstein A et al: Presentation, natural history, and management of carotid cavernous aneurysms. Neurosurgery 57:850-857, 2005.
56. Sudhoff H, Stark T, Knorz S, Luckhaupt H, Borkowski G: Massive epistaxis after rupture of intracavernous carotid artery aneurysm. Case report. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 109:776-778, 2000.
57. Surdell DL, Hage ZA, Eddleman CS, Gupta DK, Bendok BR, Batjer HH: Revascularization for complex intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurg Focus 24(2):E21, 2008.
58. Swearingen B, Heros RC: Common carotid occlusion for unclippable carotid aneurysms: an old but still effective operation. Neurosurgery 21:288-295, 1987.
59. Truwit CL: Embryology of the cerebral vasculature. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 4:663-689, 1994.
60. van der Schaaf IC, Brilstra EH, Buskens E, Rinkel GJ: Endovascular treatment of aneurysms in the cavernous sinus: a systematic review on balloon occlusion of the parent vessel and embolization with coils. Stroke 33:313-318, 2002.
61. van Rooij WJ, Sluzewski M, Beute GN: Ruptured cavernous sinus aneurysms causing carotid cavernous fistula: incidence, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27:185-189, 2006.
62. Vasconcellos LP, Flores JA, Veiga JC, Conti ML, Shiozawa P: Presentation and treatment of carotid cavernous aneurysms. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 66:189-193, 2008.
63. Wanke I, Doerfler A, Stolke D, Forsting M: Carotid cavernous fistula due to a ruptured intracavernous aneurysm of the internal carotid artery: treatment with selective endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 71:784-787, 2001.
64. Weber W, Bendszus M, Kis B, Boulanger T, Solymosi L, Kuhne D: A new self-expanding nitinol stent (Enterprise) for the treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms: initial clinical and angiographic results in 31 aneurysms. Neuroradiology 49:555-561, 2007.
65. Weber W, Siekmann R, Kis B, Kuehne D: Treatment and follow-up of 22 unruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms of the internal carotid artery with Onyx HD 500. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:1909-1915, 2005.
66. Wiebers DO, Whisnant JP, Huston J III, Meissner I, Brown RD Jr, Piepgras DG, et al: Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: natural history, clinical outcome, and risks of surgical and endovascular treatment. Lancet 362:103-110, 2003.
67. Yonas H, Kaufmann A: Combined extracranial-intracranial bypass and intraoperative balloon occlusion for the treatment of intracavernous and proximal carotid artery aneurysms. Neurosurgery 36:1234, 1995.