-
2
-
-
0034478474
-
Gap dynamics following forest decline: A case study of red spruce forests
-
Battles, J. J. & Fahey, T. J. 2000: Gap dynamics following forest decline: a case study of red spruce forests. - Eco-logical Applications 10: 760-774.
-
(2000)
Eco-logical Applications
, vol.10
, pp. 760-774
-
-
Battles, J.J.1
Fahey, T.J.2
-
4
-
-
1642304102
-
Use of boundary-line growth patterns as a basis for dendroecological release criteria
-
Black, B. A. & Abrams, M. D. 2003: Use of boundary-line growth patterns as a basis for dendroecological release criteria. - Ecological Applications 13: 1733-1749.
-
(2003)
Ecological Applications
, vol.13
, pp. 1733-1749
-
-
Black, B.A.1
Abrams, M.D.2
-
5
-
-
15744378390
-
Development and application of boundary-line release criteria
-
Black, B. A. & Abrams, M. D. 2004: Development and application of boundary-line release criteria. - Dendro-chronologia 22: 31-42.
-
(2004)
Dendro-chronologia
, vol.22
, pp. 31-42
-
-
Black, B.A.1
Abrams, M.D.2
-
7
-
-
0022223771
-
Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests
-
In: Pickett, S. T. A. & White, P. S. (eds.), Academic Press, New York
-
Brokaw, N. V. L. 1985: Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests. - In: Pickett, S. T. A. & White, P. S. (eds.), The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics: 53-69. Academic Press, New York.
-
(1985)
The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics
, pp. 53-69
-
-
Brokaw, N.V.L.1
-
8
-
-
0000835601
-
-
Conifers. USDA Forest Service Agri-culture Handbook 654, Washington, DC
-
Burns, R. M. & Honkala, B. H. 1990: Silvics of North America, vol. I: Conifers. - USDA Forest Service Agri-culture Handbook 654, Washington, DC.
-
(1990)
Silvics of North America
, vol.1
-
-
Burns, R.M.1
Honkala, B.H.2
-
9
-
-
0002741685
-
The theory of forest types
-
Cajander, A. K. 1926: The theory of forest types. - Acta Forestalia Fennica 29: 1-108.
-
(1926)
Acta Forestalia Fennica
, vol.29
, pp. 1-108
-
-
Cajander, A.K.1
-
10
-
-
0036792918
-
Tree-life history prior to deadi: Two fungal root pathogens affect tree-ring growth differently
-
Cherubini, P., Fontana, G., Rigling, D., Dobbertin, M., Brang, P. & Innes, J. L. 2002: Tree-life history prior to deadi: two fungal root pathogens affect tree-ring growth differently. - The Journal of Ecology 90: 839-850.
-
(2002)
The Journal of Ecology
, vol.90
, pp. 839-850
-
-
Cherubini, P.1
Fontana, G.2
Rigling, D.3
Dobbertin, M.4
Brang, P.5
Innes, J.L.6
-
11
-
-
0022193905
-
Disturbance-mediated coexistence of species
-
In: Pickett, S. T. A. & White, P. S. (eds.), Academic Press, New York
-
Denslow, J. S. 1985: Disturbance-mediated coexistence of species. - In: Pickett, S. T. A. & White, P. S. (eds.), The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics: 307-323. Academic Press, New York.
-
(1985)
The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics
, pp. 307-323
-
-
Denslow, J.S.1
-
12
-
-
0033535319
-
Regeneration of Norway spruce in canopy gaps in Sphagnum-Myrtillus old-growth forests
-
Drobyshev, I. V. 1999: Regeneration of Norway spruce in canopy gaps in Sphagnum-Myrtillus old-growth forests. - Forest Ecology and Management 115: 71-83.
-
(1999)
Forest Ecology and Management
, vol.115
, pp. 71-83
-
-
Drobyshev, I.V.1
-
13
-
-
0002531171
-
Boreal forests
-
Esseen, P.-A., Ehnström, B., Ericson, J. & Sjoberg, K. 1997: Boreal forests. - Ecological Bulletins 46: 16-47.
-
(1997)
Ecological Bulletins
, vol.46
, pp. 16-47
-
-
Esseen, P.-A.1
Ehnström, B.2
Ericson, J.3
Sjoberg, K.4
-
14
-
-
34247246346
-
Fungi and wind strongly influence the temporal availability of logs in an old-growth spruce forest
-
Edman, M., Jönsson, M. & Jonsson, B. G. 2007: Fungi and wind strongly influence the temporal availability of logs in an old-growth spruce forest. - Ecological Applica-tions 17:482-490.
-
(2007)
Ecological Applica-tions
, vol.17
, pp. 482-490
-
-
Edman, M.1
Jönsson, M.2
Jonsson, B.G.3
-
16
-
-
60049083953
-
Demographies and disturbance history of a boreal old-growth Picea abies forest
-
Fraver S., Jönsson, B.-G., Jonsson, M. & Esseen, P.-A. 2008: Demographies and disturbance history of a boreal old-growth Picea abies forest. - Journal of Vegetation Sci-ence 19: 789-798.
-
(2008)
Journal of Vegetation Sci-ence
, vol.19
, pp. 789-798
-
-
Fraver, S.1
Jönsson, B.-G.2
Jonsson, M.3
Esseen, P.-A.4
-
18
-
-
0041947279
-
Evaluating crossdating accu-racy: A manual and tutorial for the computer program COFECHA
-
Grissino-Mayer, H. D. 2001: Evaluating crossdating accu-racy: a manual and tutorial for the computer program COFECHA. - Tree-Ring Research 57: 205-221.
-
(2001)
Tree-Ring Research
, vol.57
, pp. 205-221
-
-
Grissino-Mayer, H.D.1
-
19
-
-
0036091763
-
Natural disturbance dynamics in the boreal forests of European Russia: A review
-
Gromtsev, A. 2002: Natural disturbance dynamics in the boreal forests of European Russia: a review. - Silva Fennica 36:41-55.
-
(2002)
Silva Fennica
, vol.36
, pp. 41-55
-
-
Gromtsev, A.1
-
20
-
-
0022832740
-
Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems
-
Harmon, M. E., Franklin, J. F., Swanson, F. J., Sollins, P., Gregory, S. V., Lattin, J. D., Anderson, N. H., Cline, S. P., Aumen, N. G., Sedell, J. R., Lienkaemper, G. W., Cromack, K. Jr. & Cummins, K. W. 1986: Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. - Advances in Ecological Research 15: 133-302.
-
(1986)
Advances In Ecological Research
, vol.15
, pp. 133-302
-
-
Harmon, M.E.1
Franklin, J.F.2
Swanson, F.J.3
Sollins, P.4
Gregory, S.V.5
Lattin, J.D.6
Anderson, N.H.7
Cline, S.P.8
Aumen, N.G.9
Sedell, J.R.10
Lienkaemper, G.W.11
Cromack Jr., K.12
Cummins, K.W.13
-
21
-
-
0027831915
-
Structure and regeneration patterns in a vigin Picea abies forest in northern Sweden
-
Hofgaard, A. 1993. Structure and regeneration patterns in a vigin Picea abies forest in northern Sweden. - Journal of Vegetation Science 4: 601-608.
-
(1993)
Journal of Vegetation Science
, vol.4
, pp. 601-608
-
-
Hofgaard, A.1
-
22
-
-
0002682930
-
Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement
-
Holmes, R. L. 1983: Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement. - Tree-Ring Bulletin 43: 69-78.
-
(1983)
Tree-Ring Bulletin
, vol.43
, pp. 69-78
-
-
Holmes, R.L.1
-
23
-
-
0028975798
-
Stand dynamics, regeneration patterns and long-term continu-ity in boreal old-growth Picea abies swamp forests
-
Hornberg, G., Ohlson, M. & Zackrisson, O. 1995: Stand dynamics, regeneration patterns and long-term continu-ity in boreal old-growth Picea abies swamp forests. - Journal of Vegetation Science 6: 291-298.
-
(1995)
Journal of Vegetation Science
, vol.6
, pp. 291-298
-
-
Hornberg, G.1
Ohlson, M.2
Zackrisson, O.3
-
25
-
-
0001844129
-
Natural dis-turbance and gap dynamics in a Swedish boreal spruce forest
-
In: Nakagoshi, N. & Golley, F. B. (eds.), SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
-
Hytteborn, H., Lui, Q.-H. & Verwijst, T. 1991: Natural dis-turbance and gap dynamics in a Swedish boreal spruce forest. - In: Nakagoshi, N. & Golley, F. B. (eds.), Coniferous forest ecology from an international perspec-tive: 93-108. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
-
(1991)
Coniferous Forest Ecology from An International Perspec-tive
, pp. 93-108
-
-
Hytteborn, H.1
Lui, Q.-H.2
Verwijst, T.3
-
28
-
-
0027331288
-
Uprooting in boreal spruce forests: Long-term variation in disturbance rate
-
Jonsson, B. G. & Dynesius, M. 1993: Uprooting in boreal spruce forests: long-term variation in disturbance rate. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23: 2383-2388.
-
(1993)
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
, vol.23
, pp. 2383-2388
-
-
Jonsson, B.G.1
Dynesius, M.2
-
29
-
-
0031824313
-
Canopy gap charac-teristics and tree replacement in the southeastern boreal forest
-
Kneeshaw, D. D. & Bergeron, Y. 1998: Canopy gap charac-teristics and tree replacement in the southeastern boreal forest. - Ecology 79: 783-794.
-
(1998)
Ecology
, vol.79
, pp. 783-794
-
-
Kneeshaw, D.D.1
Bergeron, Y.2
-
30
-
-
0028584660
-
Gap disturbance, ground microtopog-raphy, and the regeneration dynamics of boreal conifer-ous forests in Finland: A review
-
Kuuluvainen, T. 1994: Gap disturbance, ground microtopog-raphy, and the regeneration dynamics of boreal conifer-ous forests in Finland: a review. - Annates Zoologici Fennici 31: 35-51.
-
(1994)
Annates Zoologici Fennici
, vol.31
, pp. 35-51
-
-
Kuuluvainen, T.1
-
32
-
-
0002039879
-
Taper curve and volume functions for pine, spruce and birch
-
Laasasenaho, J. 1982: Taper curve and volume functions for pine, spruce and birch. - Communications Instituti Forestalls Fenniae 108: 1-74.
-
(1982)
Communications Instituti Forestalls Fenniae
, vol.108
, pp. 1-74
-
-
Laasasenaho, J.1
-
33
-
-
44149084050
-
Tree mortality agents in pristine norway spruce forests in northern fennoscandia
-
Lännenpää, A., Aakala, T., Kauhanen, H. & Kuuluvainen, T. 2008: Tree mortality agents in pristine Norway spruce forests in northern Fennoscandia. - Silva Fennica 42: 151-163.
-
(2008)
Silva Fennica
, vol.42
, pp. 151-163
-
-
Lännenpää, A.1
Aakala, T.2
Kauhanen, H.3
Kuuluvainen, T.4
-
34
-
-
0026080349
-
Canopy gaps and establishment patterns of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in two old-growth coniferous forests in central Sweden
-
Leemans, R. 1991: Canopy gaps and establishment patterns of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in two old-growth coniferous forests in central Sweden. - Vegetatio 93: 157-165.
-
(1991)
Vegetatio
, vol.93
, pp. 157-165
-
-
Leemans, R.1
-
35
-
-
33746165181
-
Structure and development of old Picea abies forests in northern boreal Fennoscandia
-
Lilja, S., Wallenius, T. & Kuuluvainen, T. 2006: Structure and development of old Picea abies forests in northern boreal Fennoscandia. - Ecoscience 13: 181-192.
-
(2006)
Ecoscience
, vol.13
, pp. 181-192
-
-
Lilja, S.1
Wallenius, T.2
Kuuluvainen, T.3
-
36
-
-
0032447712
-
Structural changes in two virgin boreal forest stands in central Sweden over 72 years
-
Linder, P. 1998: Structural changes in two virgin boreal forest stands in central Sweden over 72 years. - Scandi-navian Journal of Forest Research 13: 451-461.
-
(1998)
Scandi-navian Journal of Forest Research
, vol.13
, pp. 451-461
-
-
Linder, P.1
-
37
-
-
0030678088
-
Stand structure and successional trends in virgin boreal forest reserves in Sweden
-
Linder, P., Elfving, B. & Zackrisson, 0.1997: Stand structure and successional trends in virgin boreal forest reserves in Sweden. - Forest Ecology and Management 98: 17-33.
-
(1997)
Forest Ecology and Management
, vol.98
, pp. 17-33
-
-
Linder, P.1
Elfving, B.2
Zackrisson, O.3
-
38
-
-
84986761466
-
Gap structure, disturbance and regeneration in a primeval Picea abies forest
-
Liu, Q.-H. & Hytteborn, H. 1991: Gap structure, disturbance and regeneration in a primeval Picea abies forest. - Journal of Vegetation Science 2: 391-402.
-
(1991)
Journal of Vegetation Science
, vol.2
, pp. 391-402
-
-
Liu, Q.-H.1
Hytteborn, H.2
-
39
-
-
0024903367
-
A methodology for estimating canopy disturbance frequency and intensity in dense temperate forests
-
Lorimer, C. G. & Frelich, L. E. 1989: A methodology for estimating canopy disturbance frequency and intensity in dense temperate forests. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:651-663.
-
(1989)
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
, vol.19
, pp. 651-663
-
-
Lorimer, C.G.1
Frelich, L.E.2
-
40
-
-
0001064843
-
Vulnerability of fir-spruce stands during uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreaks: A review and discussion
-
MacLean, D. A. 1980: Vulnerability of fir-spruce stands during uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreaks: a review and discussion. - The Forestry Chronicle 56: 213-221.
-
(1980)
The Forestry Chronicle
, vol.56
, pp. 213-221
-
-
MacLean, D.A.1
-
41
-
-
0033880666
-
Climatic signal in annual growth variation of Norway spruce (Picea abies) along a transect from central Finland to Arctic timberline
-
Mäkinen, H., Nöjd, P. & Mielikainen, K. 2000: Climatic signal in annual growth variation of Norway spruce (Picea abies) along a transect from central Finland to Arctic timberline. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30: 769-777.
-
(2000)
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
, vol.30
, pp. 769-777
-
-
Mäkinen, H.1
Nöjd, P.2
Mielikainen, K.3
-
42
-
-
0001284427
-
A dendrochronological method of studying tree mortality patterns
-
Mast, J. N. & Veblen, T. T. 1994: A dendrochronological method of studying tree mortality patterns. - Physical Geography 15: 529-542.
-
(1994)
Physical Geography
, vol.15
, pp. 529-542
-
-
Mast, J.N.1
Veblen, T.T.2
-
43
-
-
0034744175
-
Gap dynamics of forest trees: A review with particular attention to boreal forests
-
McCarthy, J. 2001: Gap dynamics of forest trees: a review with particular attention to boreal forests. - Environ-mental Reviews 9: 1-59.
-
(2001)
Environ-mental Reviews
, vol.9
, pp. 1-59
-
-
McCarthy, J.1
-
44
-
-
0242468015
-
Overview of old-growth forests in Canada from a science perspec-tive
-
Mosseler, A., Thompson, I. & Pendrel, B. A. 2003: Overview of old-growth forests in Canada from a science perspec-tive. - Environmental Reviews 11: S1-S7.
-
(2003)
Environmental Reviews
, vol.2011
-
-
Mosseler, A.1
Thompson, I.2
Pendrel, B.A.3
-
45
-
-
0005989169
-
Old Norway spruce stands, amount of decay, and decay-causing microbes in northern Finland
-
Norokorpi, Y. 1979: Old Norway spruce stands, amount of decay, and decay-causing microbes in northern Finland. - Communicationes Instituti Forestalls Fenniae 97: 1-77.
-
(1979)
Communicationes Instituti Forestalls Fenniae
, vol.97
, pp. 1-77
-
-
Norokorpi, Y.1
-
46
-
-
0031284512
-
Radial-growth aver-aging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories from presettlement-origin oaks
-
Nowacki, G. J. & Abrams, M. D. 1997: Radial-growth aver-aging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories from presettlement-origin oaks. - Ecological Mono-graph 67: 225-249.
-
(1997)
Ecological Mono-graph
, vol.67
, pp. 225-249
-
-
Nowacki, G.J.1
Abrams, M.D.2
-
48
-
-
0030731560
-
The his-tory and transformation of a Scandinavian boreal forest landscape since the 19th century
-
Östlund, L., Zackrisson, O. & Axelsson, A.-L. 1997: The his-tory and transformation of a Scandinavian boreal forest landscape since the 19th century. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27: 1198-1206.
-
(1997)
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
, vol.27
, pp. 1198-1206
-
-
Östlund, L.1
Zackrisson, O.2
Axelsson, A.-L.3
-
50
-
-
2342574937
-
Gap dynamics and replacement patterns in gaps of the northeastern boreal forest of Quebec
-
Pham, A. T., De GrandpnS, L., Gauthier, S. & Bergeron, Y. 2004: Gap dynamics and replacement patterns in gaps of the northeastern boreal forest of Quebec. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 353-364.
-
(2004)
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
, vol.34
, pp. 353-364
-
-
Pham, A.T.1
De GrandpnS, L.2
Gauthier, S.3
Bergeron, Y.4
-
51
-
-
85036845237
-
-
Ministry of Environment & Finish Environment Centre, Helsinki
-
Rassi, P., Alanen, A., Kanerva, T. & Mannerkoski, T. 2001: Status of threatened species in Finland. - Ministry of Environment & Finish Environment Centre, Helsinki.
-
(2001)
Status of Threatened Species In Finland
-
-
Rassi, P.1
Alanen, A.2
Kanerva, T.3
Mannerkoski, T.4
-
52
-
-
0022237837
-
Comparison of methods for determining fraction of land area in treefall gaps
-
Runkle, J. R. 1985a: Comparison of methods for determining fraction of land area in treefall gaps. - Forest Science 31:15-19.
-
(1985)
Forest Science
, vol.31
, pp. 15-19
-
-
Runkle, J.R.1
-
53
-
-
0022190288
-
Disturbance regimes in temperate forest
-
In: Pickett, S. T. A. & White, P. S. (eds.), Academic Press, New York
-
Runkle, J. R. 1985b: Disturbance regimes in temperate forest. - In: Pickett, S. T. A. & White, P. S. (eds.), The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics: 17-33. Academic Press, New York.
-
(1985)
The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics
, pp. 17-33
-
-
Runkle, J.R.1
-
54
-
-
0003432029
-
Guidelines and sample protocol for sam-pling forest gaps
-
PNW-GTR-283, USDA Forest Service
-
Runkle, J. R. 1992: Guidelines and sample protocol for sam-pling forest gaps. - General Technical Report, PNW-GTR-283, USDA Forest Service.
-
(1992)
General Technical Report
-
-
Runkle, J.R.1
-
55
-
-
0002127664
-
Granskar och Fiby urskog [The primi-tive forests of Granskar Fiby]
-
In Swedish with English summary
-
Sernander, R. 1936: Granskar och Fiby urskog [The primi-tive forests of Granskar Fiby]. - Acta Phytogeographia Suecica 8: 1-232. [In Swedish with English summary].
-
(1936)
Acta Phytogeographia Suecica
, vol.8
, pp. 1-232
-
-
Sernander, R.1
-
57
-
-
0002044874
-
The development of spruce forest on raw humus sites in northern Finland and its ecology
-
SirSn, G. 1955: The development of spruce forest on raw humus sites in northern Finland and its ecology. - Acta Forestalia Fennica 62: 1-363.
-
(1955)
Acta Forestalia Fennica
, vol.62
, pp. 1-363
-
-
SirSn, G.1
-
58
-
-
0035478509
-
Structure and dynam-ics of an undisturbed old-growth Norway spruce forest on the rising Bothnian coastline
-
Svensson, J. S. & Jeglum, J. K. 2001: Structure and dynam-ics of an undisturbed old-growth Norway spruce forest on the rising Bothnian coastline. - Forest Ecology and Management 151: 67-79.
-
(2001)
Forest Ecology and Management
, vol.151
, pp. 67-79
-
-
Svensson, J.S.1
Jeglum, J.K.2
-
59
-
-
0028574929
-
Landscape structure and forest dynamics in sub-continental Russian European taiga
-
Syrjänen, K., Kalliola, R., Puolasmaa, A. & Mattsson, J. 1994: Landscape structure and forest dynamics in sub-continental Russian European taiga. - Annates Zoo-logici Fennici 31: 19-34.
-
(1994)
Annates Zoo-logici Fennici
, vol.31
, pp. 19-34
-
-
Syrjänen, K.1
Kalliola, R.2
Puolasmaa, A.3
Mattsson, J.4
-
60
-
-
6344255195
-
Forest management and regenera-tion success in protection forests near the timberline in Finnish Lapland
-
Varmola, M., Hyppönen, M., Mäkitalo, K., Mikkola, K. & Timonen, M. 2004: Forest management and regenera-tion success in protection forests near the timberline in Finnish Lapland. - Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 19:424-441.
-
(2004)
Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research
, vol.19
, pp. 424-441
-
-
Varmola, M.1
Hyppönen, M.2
Mäkitalo, K.3
Mikkola, K.4
Timonen, M.5
-
61
-
-
27744467239
-
Fire history and forest age distribution of an unmanaged Picea abies dominated landscape
-
Wallenius, T. H., Pitkänen, A., Kuuluvainen, T., Pennanen, J. & Karttunen, H. 2005: Fire history and forest age distribution of an unmanaged Picea abies dominated landscape. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 1540-1552.
-
(2005)
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
, vol.35
, pp. 1540-1552
-
-
Wallenius, T.H.1
Pitkänen, A.2
Kuuluvainen, T.3
Pennanen, J.4
Karttunen, H.5
-
62
-
-
0001828324
-
Influence of forest fires on the North Swedish boreal forest
-
Zaclcrisson, O. 1977: Influence of forest fires on the North Swedish boreal forest. - Oikos 29: 22-32.
-
(1977)
Oikos
, vol.29
, pp. 22-32
-
-
Zaclcrisson, O.1
|