A comparative study of optical character recognition for tamil script

European Journal of Scientific Research

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 570-582

  Jagadeesh Kannan, R ^a   Prabhakar, R ^b  

^a R M K ENGINEERING COLLEGE   (India)

^b Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning   (India)

Author keywords

Cursive; Handwritten; Offline; Online; Optical character recognition; Printed; Tamil Scripts

Indexed keywords

EID: 70349563124     PISSN: 1450216X     EISSN: 1450202X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Mantas, J., 1986. An overview of character recognition methodologies, Pattern recognition, 19 (6): 425-430.
2. Govindan, V.K. and A.P. Shivaprasad, 1990. Character Recognition-A Review, Pattern Recognition, 23 (7): 671-683.
3. Pal, U., and B.B. Chaudhuri, 2004. Indian Script Character Recognition: a Survey, Pattern Recognition, 37: 1887-1899.
4. R. Plamondon and S. N. Srihari, "On-line and off-line handwritten recognition: a comprehensive survey", IEEE Transactions on PAMI, Vol. 22(1), pp. 63-84, 2000.
5. R. Plamondon, D. Lopresti, L.R.B. Shoemaker and R. Srihari, "On-line Handwriting Recognition," Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Eng., J.G. Webster, ed., vol. 15, pp.123-146, New York: Wiley, 1999.
6. R. M. Bozinovic and S. N. Srihari, "Off-line cursive script word recognition", IEEE Trans. On Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 68-83, Jan. 1989.
7. Hu, M. K. Brown and W. Turin, "HMM based on-line handwriting recognition", IEEE Trans. on Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1039-1045, Oct. 1996.
8. D. Deng, K. P. Chan, and Y. Yu, "Handwritten Chinese character recognition using spatial Gabor filters and self-organizing feature maps", Proc. IEEE Inter. Confer. On Image Processing, vol. 3, pp. 940-944, Austin TX, June 1994.
9. C-H. Chang, "Simulated annealing clustering of Chinese words for contextual text recognition", Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 57-66, 1996.
10. H. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, and T. Saito, "A non-linear normalization method for hand printed Kanji character recognition-line density equalization", Pattern Recognition, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 1023-1029, 1990.
11. S-W Lee, "Off-line recognition of totally unconstrained handwritten numerals using multiplayer cluster neural network", IEEE Trans. on Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 648-652, June 1996.
12. J. Cai and Z-Q Liu, "Integration of structural and statistical information for unconstrained handwritten numeral recognition," IEEE Trans. on Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 263-270, Mar. 1999.
13. V. Bansal and R.M.K. Sinha, "On how to describe shapes of Devanagari characters and use them for recognition", Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Document Analysis and Recognition, Bangalore, India, pp. 410-413, Sept. 1999.
14. R Bajaj and S Chaudhary. 'Devanagari Numeral Recognition using Multiple Neural Classifiers.' Indian Conference on Pattern Recognition, Image Processing and Computer Vision (ICPIC), December 1995.
15. K K Biswas and S Chatterjee. 'Feature based Recognition of Hindi Characters.'Indian Conference on Pattern Recognition, Image Processing and Computer Vision (ICPIC), December 1995, pp 182-187.
16. S Palit and B Chaudhary. "A Feature based Scheme for Machine Recognition of Printed Devanagari Script.' Indian Conference on Pattern 0052ecognition, Image Processing and Computer Vision, (ICPIC), December 1995.
17. B. B. Chaudhuri and U. Pal, "A complete printed Bangla OCR system", Pattern Recognition, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 531-549, 1997.
18. Siromoney et al., 1978. Computer Recognition of Printed Tamil Character, Pattern Recognition 10: 243-247.
19. Chinnuswamy, P., and S.G. Krishnamoorthy, 1980. Recognition of Hand printed Tamil Characters, Pattern Recognition, 12: 141-152.
20. Suresh et al., 1999. Recognition of Hand printed Tamil Characters Using Classification Approach, ICAPRDT' 99, pp: 63-84.
21. Hewavitharana, S, and H.C. Fernando, 2002. "A Two-Stage Classification Approach to Tamil Handwriting Recognition", pp: 118-124, Tamil Internet 2002, California, USA.
22. N. Shanthi and K. Duraiswamy, "Performance Comparison of Different Image Sizes for Recognizing Unconstrained Handwritten Tamil Characters using SVM", 1Department of Information Technology, 2Department of CSE, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, India
23. Shivsubramani K, Loganathan R, Srinivasan CJ, Ajay V, Soman KP, "Multiclass Hierarchical SVM for Recognition of Printed Tamil Characters", Centre for Excellence in Computational Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Tamilnadu, India.
24. Szedmak et al., 2005] Sandor Szedmak, John Shawe- Taylor, Learning Hierarchies at Two-class Complexity, Kernel Methods and Structured domains, NIPS 2005
25. K.H. Aparna, Sumanth Jaganathan, P. Krishnan, V.S. Chakravarthy, "Document Image Analysis: with specific Application to Tamil Newsprint", Department of Electrical engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai-600036.
26. N. Joshi, G. Sita, A. G. Ramakrishnan, and S. Madhvanath. Comparison of Elastic Matching Algorithms for Online Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition. Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2004.
27. SEETHALAKSHMI R., SREERANJANI T.R., BALACHANDAR T., Abnikant Singh, Markandey Singh, Ritwaj Ratan, Sarvesh Kumar, "Optical Character Recognition for printed Tamil text using Unicode", Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE, Vol. 6A No. 11, 2005.
28. H. Aparna, V. Subramanian, Kasirajan, V. Prakash, V. Chakravarthy, and S. Madhvanath. Online Handwriting Recognition for Tamil. Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2004.
29. V. Deepu and S. Madhvanath. Principal Component Analysis for Online Handwritten Character Recognition. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004.
30. N. Joshi, G. Sita, A. G. Ramakrishnan, and S. Madhvanath. Tamil Handwriting Recognition Using Subspace and DTW Based Classifiers. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, 2004.
31. C. S. Sundaresan and S. S. Keerthi. A Study of Representations for Pen based Handwriting Recognition of Tamil Characters. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 1999.
32. "Hidden Markov Models for Online Handwritten Tamil Word Recognition." Bharath A, Sriganesh Madhvanath, HP Laboratories India, HPL-2007-108, July 6, 2007*
33. Neural Network Based Offline Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition System, Sutha, J. Ramaraj N., Sethu Inst. of Technol., Virudhunagar.
34. R.Jagadeesh Kannan, R. Prabhakar, Accuracy Augmentation of Tamil OCR Using Algorithm Fusion, IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.8 No.5, May 2008
35. N. Cristianini and J. Shawe-Taylor. Support Vector Machines. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
36. D. DeCoste and B. Schölkopf. Training invariant support vector machines. Machine Learning, 46(1/3):161, 2002.
37. H. Bunke, M. Roth, and E. G. Schukat-Talamazzini. Offline Cursive Handwriting Recognition using Hidden Markov Models. Pattern Recognition, 28(9):1399-1413, 1995.
38. Y. He, A. Kundu: 2-D shape classification Using Hidden Markov Model, IEEE Trans. On PAMI, vol.13, 1991, pp.1172-1184.
39. F. Samaria, F. Fallside: Face Identification and Feature Extraction Using Hidden Markov Models, in G.Vernazza, A.N.Venetsanopoulos, C.Braccini (editors): Image Processing: Theory and Applications, Elsevier Science publishers B.V., 1993, pp.292-302.
40. R.Jagadeesh kannan and R. Prabhakar, "Off-Line Cursive Handwritten Tamil Character Recognition" RMK Engineering College, Chennai, INDIA.
41. G. Nagy, On the Frontiers of OCR, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 40, #8, pp. 1093-1100, July 1992.
42. S. Hewavitharana, H. C. Fernando and N.D. Kodikara, Off-line Sinhala Handwriting Recognition using Hidden Markov Models, Proc. of Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics & Image Processing (ICVGIP) 2002.
43. K. Khatatneh, Probabilistic Artificial Neural Network for Recognizing the Arabic. Hand Written Characters, Journal of Computer Science 3 (12), 881-886, 2006.