Off-line recognition of totally unconstrained handwritten numerals using multilayer cluster neural network

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 648-652

  Lee, Seong Whan ^a  

^a Korea University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Genetic algorithm; Multilayer cluster neural network; Totally unconstrained handwritten numeral recognition

Indexed keywords

BACKPROPAGATION; DATABASE SYSTEMS; FEATURE EXTRACTION; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; NEURAL NETWORKS; VECTORS;

GRADIENT DESCENT TECHNIQUE; KIRSCH MASKS; MULTILAYER CLUSTER NEURAL NETWORKS; NETWORK TRAINING; OFFLINE RECOGNITION; UNCONSTRAINED HANDWRITTEN NUMERALS;

CHARACTER RECOGNITION;

EID: 0030173622     PISSN: 01628828     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/34.506416     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. C.Y. Suen, C. Nadal, R. Legault, T.A. Mai, and L. Lam, "Computer Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals," Proc. IEEE, vol. 80, no. 7, pp. 1,162-1,180, July 1992.
2. J. Rocha and T. Pavlidis, "A Shape Analysis Model with Applications to a Character Recognition System," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 393-404, Apr. 1994.
3. D.E. Rumelhart, G.E. Hinton, and R.J. Williams, "Learning Internal Representations by Error Propagation," Parallel Distributed Processing, vol. 1. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986.
4. R.K. Belew, J. Mclnerney, and N.M. Schraudolph, "Evolving Networks: Using the Genetic Algorithm with Cunnectionist Learning," Artificial Life II, C.G. Laugton, C. Taylor, J.D. Farmer, and S. Rasmussen, eds. Addison-Wesley, 1991, pp. 511-547.
5. L. Lam and C.Y. Suen, "Structural Classification and Relaxation Matching of Totally Unconstrained Handwritten ZIP-Code Numbers," Pattern Recognition, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 19-31, 1988.
6. T. Mai and C.Y. Suen, "A Generalized Knowledge-Based System for the Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals," IEEE Trans. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 835-848, 1990.
7. R. Legault and C.Y. Suen, "Contour Tracing and Parametric Approximations for Digitized Patterns," Computer Vision and Shape Recognition, A. Krzyzak, T. Kasvand, and C. Y. Suen, (eds.). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 1989, pp. 225-240.
8. C.Y. Suen, C. Nadal, T.A. Mai, R. Legault, and L. Lam, "Recognition of Handwritten Numerals Based on the Concept of Multiple Experts," Proc. of First Intl. Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Montreal, Canada, pp. 131-144, Apr. 1990.
9. A. Krzyzak, W. Dai, and C.Y. Suen, "Unconstrained Handwritten Character Classification Using Modified Backpropagation Model," Proc. of First Int. Workshop Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Montreal, Canada, pp. 155-166, Apr. 1990.
10. Y. Le Cun, et al., "Constrained Neural Network for Unconstrained Handwritten Digit Recognition," Proc of First Int. Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Montreal, Canada, pp. 145-154, Apr. 1990.
11. S. Knerr, L. Personnaz, and G. Dreyfus, "Handwritten Digit Recognition by Neural Networks with Single-Layer Training," IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 962-968, Nov. 1992.
12. P. Ahmed and C.Y. Suen, "Computer Recognition of Totally Unconstrained Handwritten ZIP Codes," Int'l. J. Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 1987.
13. M. Beun, "A Flexible Method for Automatic Reading of Handwritten Numerals,"Philips Technical Review, vol. 33, pp. 89-101 and pp. 130-137, 1973.
14. E. Cohen, J.J. Hull, and S.N. Srihari, "Understanding Handwritten Text in A Structured Environment: Determining ZIP Codes from Addresses," Int'l. J. Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 5, nos. 1 and 2, pp. 221-264, 1991.
15. B. Duerr, W. Haettich, H. Tropf, and G. Winkler, "A Combination of Statistical and Syntactical Pattern Recognition Applied to Classification of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals," Pattern Recognition, vol. 12, pp. 189-199, 1980.
16. P.D. Gader, D. Hepp, B. Forester, T. Peurach, and B.T. Mitchell, ''Pipelined Systems for Recognition of Handwritten Digit in USPS ZIP Codes," Proc, U.S. Postal Service Advanced Technology Conf., pp. 539-548, Nov. 1990.
17. C.L. Kuan and S.N. Srihari, "A Stroke-Based Approach to Handwritten Numeral Recognition," Proc. U.S. Postal Service Advanced Technology Conf., pp. 1033-1041, 1983.
18. B. Lemarie, "Practical Implementation of a Radial Basis Function Network for Handwritten Digit Recognition," Proc. Second Int. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 412-415, Oct. 1993.
19. B.T. Mitchell and A.M. Gillies, "A Model-Based Computer Vision System for Recognizing Handwritten ZIP Codes," Machine. Vision ana Applications, vol. 2, pp. 231-243, 1989.
20. L. Strings, "A New Set of Constraint-Free Character Recognition Grammars," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 12, pp. 1210-1217, Dec. 1990.
21. D.-S. Lee and S.N. Srihari, "Handprinted Digit Recognition: A Comparison of Algorithms," Proc. Third Intl. Workshop Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Buffalo, USA, pp. 153-162, May 1993.
22. W.K. Pratt, Digital Image Processing. New York: Wiley, 1978.
23. Y.-J. Kim, S.-W. Lee, and M.-W. Kim, "Parallel Hardware Implementation of Handwritten Character Recognition System on Wavefront Array Processor Architecture," Proc. Third Intl. Conf. Document Analysis and Recognition, Montreal, Canada, pp. 715-718, Aug. 1995.