A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with tuberculosis at high risk for HIV co-infection

Indian Journal of Medical Research

Volumn 130, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 51-57

  Sharma, S K ^a   Kadhiravan, Tamilarasu ^a   Banga, Amit ^a  

^a ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

Clinical prediction rule; HIV infection; Tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANALYTIC METHOD; ANEMIA; ARTICLE; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CLINICAL PREDICTION RULE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEASIBILITY STUDY; FEMALE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HYPOALBUMINEMIA; INFECTION RISK; INSTRUMENT VALIDATION; LABORATORY TEST; LYMPHADENOPATHY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; MIXED INFECTION; PATIENT IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEX DIFFERENCE; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE; TUBERCULOSIS; VALIDATION STUDY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AREA UNDER CURVE; COMORBIDITY; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INDIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; RISK FACTORS; TUBERCULOSIS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 70349545659     PISSN: 09715916     EISSN: 09715916     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Holmes CB, Losina E, Walensky RP, Yazdanpanah Y, Freedberg KA. Review of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-related opportunistic infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36: 652-62.
2. Kumarasamy N, Solomon S, Flanigan TP, Hemalatha R, Thyagarajan SP, Mayer KH. Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus disease in southern India. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36: 79-85.
3. Sharma SK, Kadhiravan T, Banga A, Goyal T, Bhatia I, Saha PK. Spectrum of clinical disease in a series of 135 hospitalised HIV-infected patients from north India. BMC Infect Dis 2004; 4: 52.
4. Oh M, Park SW, Kim HB, Kim US, Kim NJ, Choi HJ, et al. Spectrum of opportunistic infections and malignancies in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in South Korea. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 1524-8.
5. Ansari NA, Kombe AH, Kenyon TA, Hone NM, Tappero JW, Nyirenda ST, et al. Pathology and causes of death in a group of 128 predominantly HIV-positive patients in Botswana, 1997-1998. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002; 6: 55-63.
6. World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for HIV surveillance among tuberculosis patients. 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO; 2004. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2004/WHO_HTM_TB_2004.339.pdf, accessed on November 2, 2008.
7. Kangombe CT, Harries AD, Ito K, Clark T, Nyirenda TE, Aldis W, et al. Long-term outcome in patients registered with tuberculosis in Zomba, Malawi: mortality at 7 years according to initial HIV status and type of TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8: 829-36.
8. Connolly C, Reid A, Davies G, Sturm W, McAdam KP, Wilkinson D. Relapse and mortality among HIV-infected and uninfected patients with tuberculosis successfully treated with twice weekly directly observed therapy in rural South Africa. AIDS 1999; 13: 1543-7.
9. Sonnenberg P, Murray J, Glynn JR, Shearer S, Kambashi B, Godfrey-Faussett P. HIV-1 and recurrence, relapse, and reinfection of tuberculosis after cure: a cohort study in South African mineworkers. Lancet 2001; 358: 1687-93.
10. Wiktor SZ, Sassan-Morokro M, Grant AD, Abouya L, Karon JM, Maurice C, et al. Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Co'te d'Ivoire: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 1469-75.
11. Fitzgerald DW, Desvarieux M, Severe P, Joseph P, Johnson WD Jr, Pape JW. Effect of post-treatment isoniazid on prevention of recurrent tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected individuals: a randomised trial. Lancet 2000; 356: 1470-4.
12. World Health Organization (WHO). Improving the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis among adults and adolescents. Recommendations for HIV-prevalent and resource-constrained settings. Geneva: WHO; 2006. Available at: http://www. who.int/tb/publications/2006/ tbhiv_recommendations.pdf, accessed on November 2, 2008.
13. Central TB Division and National AIDS Control Organization. National framework for joint TB/HIV collaborative activities. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2008. Available at: http://www.tbcindia.org/pdfs/NationalTBHIVFramework_Feb2008_ PrintFinalFinal.pdf, accessed on November 2, 2008.
14. Sharma SK, Balamurugan A, Saha PK, Pandey RM, Mehra NK. Clinical and immunogenetic risk factors for the development of hepatotoxicity during antituberculosis treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 916-9.
15. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)-WHO. Revised recommendations for the selection and use of HIV antibody tests. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1997; 72: 81-7.
16. Concato J, Feinstein AR, Holford TR. The risk of determining risk with multivariable models. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 201-10.
17. Zewig MH, Campbell G. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: a fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine. Clin Chem 1993; 39: 561-77.
18. Leung R. Appendix: Calculations - diagnosis. In: Guyatt G, Rennie D, editors. Users' guides to the medical literature: A manual for evidence-based clinical practice. Chicago: AMA Press; 2002. p. 661.
19. Altman DG, Bland JM. Diagnostic tests 2: predictive values. BMJ 1994; 309: 102.
20. Mlika-Cabanne N, Brauner M, Kamanfu G, Grenier P, Nikoyagize E, Aubry P, et al. Radiographic abnormalities in tuberculosis and risk of coexisting human immunodeficiency virus infection. Methods and preliminary results from Bujumbura, Burundi. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 794-9.
21. Mlika-Cabanne N, Brauner M, Mugusi F, Grenier P, Daley C, Mbaga I, et al. Radiographic abnormalities in tuberculosis and risk of coexisting human immunodeficiency virus infection. Results from Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, and scoring system. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 786-93.
22. World Health Organization (WHO). Global TB control: surveillance, planning, financing. WHO report 2008. Geneva: WHO; 2008. Available at: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2008/pdf/ fullreport.pdf. accessed on November 2, 2008.
23. Sharma SK, Mohan A, Kadhiravan T. HIV-TB co-infection: epidemiology, diagnosis & management. Indian J Med Res 2005; 121: 550-67.
24. Hira SK, Dupont HL, Lanjewar DN, Dholakia YN. Severe weight loss: the predominant clinical presentation of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection in India. Natl Med J India 1998; 11: 256-8.
25. Lau B, Gange SJ, Phair JP, Riddler SA, Detels R, Margolick JB. Rapid declines in total lymphocyte counts and hemoglobin concentration prior to AIDS among HIV-1-infected men. AIDS 2003; 17: 2035-44.
26. Malin A, Ternouth I, Sarbah S. Epitrochlear lymph nodes as marker of HIV disease in sub-Saharan Africa. BMJ 1994; 309: 1550-1.
27. Stetler HC, Granade TC, Nunez CA, Meza R, Terrell S, Amador L, et al. Field evaluation of rapid HIV serologic tests for screening and confirming HIV-1 infection in Honduras. AIDS 1997; 11: 369-75.
28. Altman DG, Royston P. The cost of dichotomising continuous variables. BMJ 2006; 332: 1080.
29. McGinn TG, Guyatt GH, Wyer PC, Naylor CD, Stiell IG, Richardson WS. Users' guides to the medical literature: XXII: how to use articles about clinical decision rules. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 2000; 284: 79-84.