Why people rehearse their memories: Frequency of use and relations to the intensity of emotions associated with autobiographical memories

Memory

Volumn 17, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 760-773

  Walker, W Richard ^a   Skowronski, John J ^b   Gibbons, Jeffrey A ^c   Vogl, Rodney J ^d   Ritchie, Timothy D ^e  

^a WINSTON SALEM STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c CHRISTOPHER NEWPORT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d CHRISTIAN BROTHERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Autobiographical memory; Emotion; Fading affect bias; Rehearsal

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; ARTICLE; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMOTION; EPISODIC MEMORY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECALL; SOCIAL INTERACTION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFFECT; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; QUESTIONNAIRES; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY); YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 70349490052     PISSN: 09658211     EISSN: 14640686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09658210903107846     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Anderson, S. J., Cohen, G., & Taylor, S. (2000). Rewriting the past: Some factors affecting the variability of personal memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, 435-454.
2. Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of General Psychology, 5, 323-370.
3. Beike, D. R., & Landoll, S. L. (2000). Striving for a consistent life story: Cognitive reactions to autobiographical memories. Social Cognition, 18, 292-318.
4. Berntsen, D. (1996). Involuntary autobiographical memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10, 435-454.
5. Berntsen, D. (1998). Voluntary and involuntary access to autobiographical memory. Memory, 6, 113-141.
6. Bluck, S., & Alea, N. (2002). Exploring the functions of autobiographical memory: Why do I remember the autumn? In J. D. Webster & B. K. Haight (Eds.), Critical advances in reminiscence work: From theory to application. New York: Springer.
7. Buchanan, T. W. (2007). Retrieval of emotional memories. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 761-779.
8. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/ correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
9. Conway, M. A., & Dewhurst, S. A. (1995). The self and recollective experience. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9, 1-19.
10. Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review, 107, 261-288.
11. Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 11, 671-684.
12. Cuc, A., Koppel, J., & Hirst, W. (2007). Silence is not golden: A case for socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting. Psychological Science, 18, 727-733.
13. Curci, A., & Rimé, B. (2008). Dreams, emotions, and the sharing of dreams. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 155-167.
14. DiPaula, A., & Campbell, J. D. (2002). Self-esteem and persistence in the face of failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 711-724.
15. Dodson, C. S., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). Memory distortion. In B. Rapp (Ed.), The handbook of cognitive neuropsychology: What deficits reveal about the human mind (pp. 445-463). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
16. Fivush, R. (1998). Gendered narratives: Elaboration, structure, and emotion in parent-child reminiscing across the preschool years. In C. P Thompson, D. J. Herrmann, D. Bruce, J. D. Read, D. G. Payne, & M. Toglia (Eds.), Autobiographical memory: Theoretical and applied perspectives Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
17. Gabriel, S., & Gardner, W. L. (1999). Are there "his" and "hers" types of interdependence? The implications of gender differences in collective versus relational interdependence for affect, behavior, and cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 642-655.
18. Harrington, J. A., & Blankenship, V. (2002). Ruminative thoughts and their relation to depression and anxiety. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 465-485.
19. Herrmann, D. J. (1991). Super memory. New York: Wing Books.
20. Higbee, K. L. (1996). Your memory: How it works and how to improve it New York: Marlowe & Co.
21. Josephson, B. R., Singer, J. A., & Salovey, P. (1996). Mood regulation and memory: Repairing sad moods with happy memories. Cognition and Emotion, 10, 437-444.
22. Larsen, S. F., & Berntsen, D. (2000). Bartlett's trilogy of memory: Reconstructing the concept of attitude. In A. Saito (Ed.), Bartlett, culture and cognition (pp. 90-114). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
23. LePore, S. J. (1997). Expressive writing moderates the relation between intrusive thoughts and depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1030-1037.
24. Levine, L. J., & Safer, M. A. (2002). Sources of bias in memory for emotions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 169-173.
25. Lok, C. F., & Bishop, G. D. (1999). Emotion control, stress, and health. Psychology and Health, 14, 813-827.
26. Luminet, O., Bouts, P., Delie, F., Manstead, A. S. R., & Rimé, B. (2000). Social sharing of emotion following exposure to a negatively valenced situation. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 661-688.
27. McAdams, D. P. (2001). The psychology of life stories. Review of General Psychology, 5, 100-122.
28. McCann, C. D., & Higgins, E. T. (1992). Personal and contextual factors in communication: A review of the "communication game". In G. R. Semin & K. Fiedler (Eds.), Language, interaction and social cognition (pp. 144-172). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
29. Nadel, L., & Jacobs, W. J. (1998). Traumatic memory is special. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7, 154-157.
30. Nelson, K. (1993). The psychological and social origins of autobiographical memory. Psychological Science, 4, 7-14.
31. Pasupathi, M. (2001). The social construction of the personal past and its implications for adult development. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 651-672.
32. Pasupathi, M. (2003). Social remembering for emotion regulation: Differences between emotions elicited during an event and emotions elicited when talking about it. Memory, 11, 151-163.
33. Pennebaker, J. W. (1997a). Opening up: The healing power of expressing emotions. New York: Guilford Press.
34. Pennebaker, J. W. (1997b). Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process. Psychological Science, 8, 162-166.
35. Pennebaker, J. W., Colder, M., & Sharp, L. K. (1990). Accelerating the coping process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 328-357.
36. Rimé, B. (2008). The social sharing of emotion as an interface between individual and collective processes in the construction of emotional climates. Journal of Social Issues, 63, 307-322.
37. Rimé, B., Corsini, S., & Herbette, G. (2002). Emotion, verbal expression, and the social sharing of emotion. In S. R. Fussel (Ed.), The verbal communication of emotion (pp. 185-208). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
38. Rimé, B., Finkenauer, C., Luminet, O., Zech, E., & Philippot, P. (1998). Social sharing of emotion: New evidence and new questions. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 9, pp. 145-189). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
39. Rimé, B., Mesquita, B., Philippot, P., & Boca, S. (1991). Beyond the emotional event: Six studies on the social sharing of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 5, 435-465.
40. Ritchie, T. D., Skowronski, J. J., Hartnett, J. L., Wells B. M., & Walker, R.W. (2009). The fading affect bias in the context of emotion activation level, mood, and personal theories of emotion change. Memory, 17, 428-444.
41. Ritchie, T. D., Skowronski, J. J.,Wood, S. E.,Walker,W. R., Vogl, R. J., & Gibbons, J. A. (2006). Event selfimportance, event rehearsal, and the fading affect bias in autobiographical memory. Self and Identity, 5, 172-195.
42. Ross, M., & Wilson, A. E. (2002). It feels like yesterday: Self-esteem, valence of personal past experiences, and judgements of subjective distance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 792-803.
43. Skowronski, J. J., Betz, A. L., Thompson, C. P., & Shannon, L. (1991). Social memory in everyday life: Recall of self-events and other events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 831-843.
44. Skowronski, J. J., Gibbons, J. A., Vogl, R. J., & Walker, W. R. (2004). The effects of social disclosure on the intensity of affective provoked by autobiographical memories. Self and Identity, 3, 285-309.
45. Skowronski, J. J., & Thompson, C. P. (1990). Reconstructing the dates of personal events: Gender differences in accuracy. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 4, 371-381.
46. Skowronski, J. J., & Walker, W. R. (2004). How describing autobiographical events can affect autobiographical memories. Social Cognition, 22, 555-590.
47. Skowronski, J. J., Walker, W. R., & Betz, A. L. (2003). Ordering our world: An examination of time in autobiographical memory. Memory, 11, 247-260.
48. Thompson, C. P., Skowronski, J. J., Larsen, S. F., & Betz, A. (1996). Autobiographical memory: Remembering what and remembering when. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
49. Walker, W. R., Skowronski, J. J., Gibbons, J. A., Vogl, R. J., & Thompson, C. P. (2003a). On the emotions that accompany autobiographical memories: Dysphoria disrupts the fading affect bias. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 703-724.
50. Walker, W. R., Skowronski, J. J., & Thompson, C. P. (2003b). Life is pleasant-and memory helps to keep it that way! Review of General Psychology, 7, 203-210.
51. Walker, W. R., Vogl, R. J., & Thompson, C. P. (1997). Autobiographical memory: Unpleasantness fades faster than pleasantness over time. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 11, 399-413.
52. Watkins, E., & Baracia, S. (2001). Why do people ruminate in dysphoric moods? Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 723-734.
53. Watkins, E., & Teasdale, J. D. (2001). Rumination and overgeneral memory in depression: Effects of selffocus and analytic thinking. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 353-357.
54. Wegner, D. M., Erber, R., & Raymond, P. (1991). Transactive memory in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 923-929.
55. Williams, J. M. G., Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hermans, D., Raes, F., Watkins, E., et al. (2007). Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 122-148.
56. Zech, E., & Rimé, B. (2005). Is talking about an emotional experience helpful? Effects on emotional recovery and perceived benefits. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 270-287.