Effects of egg size, parental origin and feeding conditions on growth of larval and juvenile cod Gadus morhua

Journal of Fish Biology

Volumn 75, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 516-537

  Paulsen, H ^a   Kjesbu, O S ^b   Buehler, V ^c   Case, R A J ^d   Clemmesen, C ^c   Carvalho, G ^d   Hauser, L ^d   Hutchinson, W F ^d   Moksness, E ^b   Ottera H ^b   Thorsen, A ^b   Svasand T ^b  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH   (Norway)

^c GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Environmental effects; Genotyping; Growth variability; Maternal; Mesocosm

Indexed keywords

MICROSATELLITE DNA;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; ATLANTIC COD; BODY SIZE; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; GENETICS; GENOTYPE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HISTOLOGY; MALE; OOCYTE; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; BODY SIZE; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; GADUS MORHUA; GENOTYPE; MALE; MICROSATELLITE REPEATS; OVUM;

GADUS MORHUA;

EID: 70349451509     PISSN: 00221112     EISSN: 10958649     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02301.x     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Arendt, J. D. (1997). Adaptive intrinsic growth rates: an integration across taxa. The Quarterly Review of Biology 72, 149 177.
2. Biro, P. A., Abrahams, M. V., Post, J. R. & Parkinson, E. A. (2004). Predators select against high growth rates and risk-taking behaviour in domestic trout populations. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 271, 2233 2237.
3. Blaxter, J. H. S. & Hempel, G. (1963). The influence of egg size on herring larvae. Journal du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 28, 211 240.
4. Blom, G., Svåsand, T., Jørstad, K. E., Otterå, H. Paulsen, O. I. & Holm, J. C. (1994). Comparative survival and growth of two strains of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) through the early life stages in a marine pond. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, 1012 1023.
5. Case, R. A. J., Hutchinson, W. F., Hauser, L., Buehler, V., Clemmesen, C., Dahle, G., Kjesbu, O. S., Moksness, E., Otterå, H., Paulsen, H., Svåsand, T., Thorsen, A. & Carvalho, G. R. (2006). Association between growth and Pan I* genotype within Atlantic cod full-sibling families. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135, 241 250.
6. Chambers, R. C. (1997). Environmental influences on egg and propagule sizes in marine fishes. In Early Life History and Recruitment in Fish Populations (Chambers, R. C. & Trippel, E. A., eds), pp. 63 102. New York, NY : Chapman & Hall.
7. Chambers, R. C. & Leggett, W. C. (1996). Maternal influences on variation in egg sizes in temperate marine fishes. American Zoologist 36, 180 196.
8. Chambers, R. C. & Waiwood, K. G. (1996). Maternal and seasonal differences in egg sizes and spawning characteristics of captive Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53, 1986 2003.
9. Chambers, R. C., Leggett, W. C. & Brown, J. A. (1988). Variation in and among early life history traits of laboratory-reared winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 47, 1 15.
10. Clemmesen, C., Büehler, V., Carvalho, G., Case, R., Evans, G., Hauser, L., Hutchinson, W. F., Kjesbu, O. S., Mempel, H., Moksness, E., Otterå, H., Paulsen, H., Thorsen, A. & Svaasand, T. (2003). Variability in condition and growth of Atlantic cod larvae and juveniles reared in mesocosms: environmental and maternal effects. Journal of Fish Biology 62, 706 723. doi: 10.1046/j.0022-1112.2003.00060.x.
11. Conover, D. O. (1998). Local adaptation in marine fishes: evidence and implications for stock enhancement. Bulletin of Marine Science 62, 477 493.
12. Conover, D. O. & Schultz, E. T. (1997). Natural selection and the evolution of growth rate in the early life history: what are the trade-offs? In Early Life History and Recruitment in Fish Populations (Chambers, R. C. & Trippel, E. A., eds), pp. 305 332. New York, NY : Chapman & Hall.
13. Conover, D. O., Clarke, L. M., Munck, S. B. & Wagner, G. N. (2006). Spatial and temporal scales of adaptive divergence in marine fishes and the implication for conservation. Journal of Fish Biology 69 (Suppl. C 21 47. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01274.x.
14. Cushing, D. H. & Horwood, J. W. (1994). The growth and death of fish larvae. Journal of Plankton Research 16, 291 300.
15. DeAngelis, D. L. & Huston, M. A. (1987). Effects of growth rates in models of size distribution formation in animals. Ecological Modelling 36, 119 137.
16. DiBattista, J. D., Feldheim, K. A., Gruber, S. H. & Hendry, A. P. (2007). When bigger is not better: selection against large size, high condition and fast growth in juvenile lemon sharks. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20, 201 212. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01210.x.
17. Duarte, C. M. & Alcaraz, M. (1989). To produce many small or few large eggs: a size-independent reproductive tactic of fish. Oecologia 80, 401 404.
18. Ellertsen, B., Fossum, P., Solemdal, P. & Sundby, S. (1989). Relation between temperature and survival of eggs and first-feeding larvae of northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Rapports et Procès-verbaux des Réunions Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 191, 209 219.
19. Folkvord, A. (2005). Comparison of size-at-age of larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from different populations based on size- and temperature-dependent growth models. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, 1037 1052.
20. Folkvord, A. & Hunter, J. R. (1986). Size-specific vulnerability of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) larvae to predation by fishes. Fishery Bulletin 84, 859 869.
21. Folkvord, A., Oiestad, V. & Kvenseth, P. G. (1994). Growth patterns of three cohorts of Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua L.) studied in a macrocosm. ICES Journal of Marine Science 51, 325 336.
22. Fowler, J. & Cohen, L. (1990). Practical Statistics for Field Biology. Chichester : Wiley.
23. Frank, K. T. & Brickman, D. (2000). Allele effects and compensatory population dynamics within a stock complex. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, 513 517.
24. Geffen, A. J., Fox, C. J. & Nash, R. D. M. (2006). Temperature-dependent development rates of cod Gadus morhua eggs. Journal of Fish Biology 69, 1060 1080. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01181.x.
25. Gisbert, E., Williot, P. & Castelló-Orvay, F. (2000). Influence of egg size on growth and survival of early stages of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) under small scale hatchery conditions. Aquaculture 183, 83 94.
26. Gjerde, B., Terjesen, B. F., Barr, Y. & Thorland, I. (2004). Genetic variation for juvenile growth and survival in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Aquaculture 236, 167 177.
27. Hard, J. J. (1995). A quantitative genetic perspective on the conservation of intraspecific diversity. American Fisheries Society Symposium 17, 304 326.
28. Heath, M. & Gallego, A. (1997). From the biology of the individual to the dynamics of the population: bridging the gap in fish early life studies. Journal of Fish Biology 51 (Suppl. A 1 29. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997. tb06090.x.
29. Hinckley, S. (1990). Variations of egg size of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma with preliminary examination of the effect of egg size on larval size. Fisheries Bulletin 88, 471 483.
30. Houde, E. D. (1997). Early life dynamics and recruitment variability. American Fisheries Society Symposium 2, 17 29.
31. Hunter, J. R. (1981). Feeding ecology and predation of marine fish larvae. In Marine Fish Larvae, Morphology, Ecology and Relation to Fisheries (Lasker, R. ed.), pp. 32 77. Seattle, WA : University of Washington Press.
32. Huston, M. A. & DeAngelis, D. L. (1987). Size bimodality in monospecific populations: a critical review of potential mechanisms. American Naturalist 129, 678 707.
33. Hutchings, J. A. (1991). Fitness consequences of variation in egg size and food abundance in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. Evolution 45, 1162 1168.
34. Hutchings, J. A., Swain, D. P., Rowe, S., Eddington, J. D., Puvanendran, V. & Brown, J. A. (2007). Genetic variation in life-history reaction norms in a marine fish. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274, 1693 1699.
35. Imsland, A. K. & Jónsdóttir, Ó. D. B. (2002). Is there a genetic basis to growth in Atlantic cod? Fish and Fisheries 3, 36 52. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2979.2002.00070.x.
36. Imsland, A. K. & Jónsdóttir, Ó. D. B. (2003). Linking population genetics and growth properties of Atlantic cod. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 13, 1 26.
37. Jónsdóttir, Ó. D. B., Imsland, A. K., Danielsdóttir, A. K. & Marteinsdóttir, G. (2002). Genetic heterogeneity and growth properties of different genotypes of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) at two spawning sites off south Iceland. Fisheries Research 55, 37 47.
38. Jónsson, B. & Svavarsson, E. (2000). Connection between egg size and early mortality in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus. Aquaculture 187, 315 317.
39. Jordaan, A. & Brown, J. A. (2003). The risk of running empty: the influence of age on starvation and gut fullness in larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, 1289 1298.
40. Kjesbu, O. S., Klungsøyr, J. Kryvi, H., Witthames, P. R. & Greer Walker, M. (1991). Fecundity, atresia and egg size of captive Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in relation to proximate body composition. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, 2333 2343.
41. Kjesbu, O. S., Solemdal, P., Bratland, P. & Fonn, M. (1996). Variation in annual egg production in individual captive Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53, 610 620.
42. Kjørsvik, E., Mangor-Jensen, A. & Holmefjord, I. (1990). Egg quality in fishes. Advances in Marine Biology 26, 71 112.
43. Knutsen, G. M. & Tilseth, S. (1985). Growth, development, and feeding success of Atlantic cod larvae Gadus morhua related to egg size. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 114, 507 511.
44. Lankford, T. E., Billerbeck, J. M. & Conover, D. O. (2001). Evolution of intrinsic growth and energy acquisition rates. II. Trade-offs with vulnerability to predation in Menidia menidia. Evolution 55, 1873 1881. doi: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00836.x.
45. Laurence, G. C., Smigielski, A. S., Halavik, T. A. & Burns, B. R. (1981). Implications of direct competition between larval cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) in laboratory growth and survival studies at different food densities. Rapports et Procès-verbaux des Réunions Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 178, 304 311.
46. Litvak, M. K. & Leggett, W. C. (1992). Age and size-selective predation on larval fishes: the bigger-is-better hypothesis revisited. Marine Ecology Progress Series 81, 13 24.
47. MacKenzie, B. R., Leggett, W. C. & Peters, R. H. (1990). Estimating larval fish ingestion rates: can laboratory-derived values be reliably extrapolated to the wild? Marine Ecology Progress Series 67, 209 225.
48. Marcil, J., Swain, D. P. & Hutchings, J. A. (2006). Countergradient variation in body shape between two populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 273, 217 223.
49. Marsh, E. (1986). Effects of egg size on offspring fitness and maternal fecundity in the orange-throat darter, Etheostoma spectabile (Pisces: Percidae). Copeia 1986, 18 30.
50. McEvoy, L. A. & McEvoy, J. (1991). Size fluctuations in the eggs and newly hatched larvae of captive turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 71, 679 690.
51. Marteinsdóttir, G. & Steinarsson, A. (1998). Maternal influence on the size and viability of Iceland cod Gadus morhua eggs and larvae. Journal of Fish Biology 52, 1241 1258. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00969.x.
52. van der Meeren, T. & Næss, T. (1993). How does cod (Gadus morhua) cope with variability in feeding conditions during early larval stages? Marine Biology 116, 637 647.
53. Miller, T. J., Crowder, L. B., Rice, J. A. & Marshall, E. A. (1988). Larval size and recruitment mechanisms in fishes: toward a conceptual framework. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, 1657 1670.
54. Miller, T. J., Herra, T. & Leggett, W. C. (1999). The relation between otolith size and larval size at hatching for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Fishery Bulletin 97, 294 305.
55. Oiestad, V. (1984). Criteria for condition evolved from enclosure experiments with cod larva populations. Flødevigen Rapport 1, 213 229.
56. Oiestad, V. (1990). Specific application of meso- and macrocosms for solving problems in fisheries research. In Enclosed Experimental Ecosystems: a Review and Recommendations (Lalli, C., ed.), pp. 136 154. Berlin : Springer-Verlag.
57. Otterå H. (1993). Feeding, growth and survival of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae reared in replicate plastic enclosures. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 50, 913 924.
58. Pedersen, T., Eliassen, J. E., Eilertsen, H. C., Tande, K. S. & Olsen, R. E. (1989). Feeding, growth, lipid composition, and survival of larval cod (Gadus morhua L.) in relation to environmental conditions in an enclosure at 70° in northern Norway. Rapports et Procés-verbaux des Réunions Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 191, 409 420.
59. Pepin, P. & Miller, T. J. (1993). Potential use and abuse of general empirical models of early life history processes in fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, 1343 1345.
60. Pepin, P., Shears, T. H. & deLafontaine, Y. (1992). Significance of body size to the interaction between a larval fish (Mallotus villosus) and a vertebrate predator (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Marine Ecology Progress Series 81, 1 12.
61. Pepin, P., Orr, D. C. & Anderson, J. T. (1997). Time to hatch and larval size in relation to temperature and egg size in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54 (Suppl. 1 2 10.
62. Pepin, P., Evans, G. T. & Shears, T. H. (1999). Patterns of RNA/DNA ratios in larval fish and their relationship to survival in the field. ICES Journal of Marine Science 56, 697 706.
63. Purchase, C. F. & Brown, J. A. (2001). Interpopulation differences in growth rates and food conversion efficiencies of young Grand Banks and Gulf of Maine Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, 2223 2229.
64. Rana, M. J. (1985). Influence of egg size on the growth, onset of feeding, point-of-no-return and survival of unfed Oreochromis niloticus fry. Aquaculture 46, 119 131.
65. Reznick, D. N. (1991). Maternal effects in fish life histories. In The Unity of Evolutionary Biology. (Dudley, E.C., ed.) pp. 780 793. Portland, OR : Dioscorides Press.
66. Rice, J. A., Miller, T. J., Rose. K. A., Crowder, L. B., Marshall, E. A., Trebitz, A. S. & De Angelis, D. L. (1993). Growth rate variation and larval survival: inferences from an individual-based size-dependent predation model. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, 133 142.
67. Rideout, R. M., Trippel, E. A. & Litvak, M. K. (2005). The relationship between spawning time, egg size, food supply and early life history success for haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 285, 169 180.
68. Smith, C. C. & Fretwell, S. D. (1974). The optimal balance between size and number of offspring. American Naturalist 108, 499 506.
69. Sogard, S. M. (1997). Size-selective mortality in the juvenile stage of teleosts fishes: a review. Bulletin of Marine Science 60, 1129 1157.
70. Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. (1981). Biometry. The Principles and Practise of Statistics in Biological Research. 2nd edn. New York, NY : W.H. Freeman and Company.
71. Sundström, L. F., Lõhmus, M. & Devlin, R. H. (2005). Selection on increased intrinsic growth rates in coho salmon, Onchorhynchys kisutch. Evolution 59, 1560 1569. doi: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01805.x.
72. Thorpe, J. E., Miles, M. S. & Keary, D. S. (1984). Developmental rate, fecundity, and egg size in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquaculture 43, 289 305.
73. Trippel, E. A. (1998). Egg size and viability and seasonal offspring production of young Atlantic cod. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 127, 339 359.
74. Ware, D. M. (1982). Power and evolutionary fitness of teleosts. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39, 3 13.