메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 140, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 253-264

Beyond Gorilla and Pongo: Alternative models for evaluating variation and sexual dimorphism in fossil hominoid samples

Author keywords

Bootstrap; Dental variation; Lufengpithecus; Ouranopithecus; Sivapithecus

Indexed keywords

APE; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE ANATOMY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOSSIL HOMINOID; GORILLA; GREECE; MALE; MANDRILLUS; MIOCENE; MOLAR TOOTH; MORPHOMETRICS; NONHUMAN; PREMOLAR TOOTH; PRIMATE; SEX DIFFERENCE; TAXONOMY; TOOTH SIZE;

EID: 70349142739     PISSN: 00029483     EISSN: 10968644     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21059     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0002379378 scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation in primates: A review with implications for interpreting fossils
    • Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors New York: Plenum
    • Albrecht GH, Miller JMA. 1993. Geographic variation in primates: a review with implications for interpreting fossils. In: Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors. Species, species concepts, and primate evolution. New York: Plenum. p 123-161.
    • (1993) Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution , pp. 123-161
    • Albrecht, G.H.1    Miller, J.M.A.2
  • 2
    • 43249118263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The taxonomic implications of cranial shape variation in Homo erectus
    • Baab KL. 2008. The taxonomic implications of cranial shape variation in Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 54:827-847.
    • (2008) J Hum Evol , vol.54 , pp. 827-847
    • Baab, K.L.1
  • 3
    • 0141831017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme reversed sexual size dimorphism in the extinct New Zealand moa Dinornis
    • DOI 10.1038/nature01871
    • Bunce M, Worthy TH, Ford T, Hoppit W, Willerslev E, Drummond A, Cooper A. 2003. Extreme reversed sexual size dimorphism in the extinct New Zealand moa Dinornis. Nature 425:172-175. (Pubitemid 37150893)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , Issue.6954 , pp. 172-175
    • Bunce, M.1    Worthy, T.H.2    Ford, T.3    Hoppitt, W.4    Willerslev, E.5    Drummond, A.6    Cooper, A.7
  • 4
    • 0001992209 scopus 로고
    • Measures of dental variation as indicators of multiple taxa in samples of sympatric Cercopithecus species
    • Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors New York: Plenum
    • Cope DA. 1993. Measures of dental variation as indicators of multiple taxa in samples of sympatric Cercopithecus species. In: Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors. Species, species concepts, and primate evolution. New York: Plenum. p 211-237.
    • (1993) Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution , pp. 211-237
    • Cope, D.A.1
  • 5
    • 0026806963 scopus 로고
    • Falsification of a single species hypothesis using the coefficient of variation: A simulation approach
    • Cope DA, Lacy MG. 1992. Falsification of a single species hypothesis using the coefficient of variation: a simulation approach. Am J Phys Anthropol 89:359-378.
    • (1992) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.89 , pp. 359-378
    • Cope, D.A.1    Lacy, M.G.2
  • 6
    • 39049090555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong postcranial size dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis: Results from two new resampling methods for multivariate data sets with missing data
    • Gordon AD, Green DJ, Richmond BG. 2008. Strong postcranial size dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis: results from two new resampling methods for multivariate data sets with missing data. Am J Phys Anthropol 135:311-328.
    • (2008) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.135 , pp. 311-328
    • Gordon, A.D.1    Green, D.J.2    Richmond, B.G.3
  • 7
    • 33747079577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size and shape variation in Australopithecus afarensis proximal femora
    • Harmon EH. 2006. Size and shape variation in Australopithecus afarensis proximal femora. J Hum Evol 51:217-227.
    • (2006) J Hum Evol , vol.51 , pp. 217-227
    • Harmon, E.H.1
  • 9
    • 41349102985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metric variation in the postcanine teeth from Paşalar. Turkey
    • Humphrey LT, Andrews P. 2008. Metric variation in the postcanine teeth from Paşalar. Turkey. J Hum Evol 54:503-517.
    • (2008) J Hum Evol , vol.54 , pp. 503-517
    • Humphrey, L.T.1    Andrews, P.2
  • 10
    • 0141496288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear DNA sequences detect species limits in ancient moa
    • DOI 10.1038/nature01838
    • Huynen L, Millar CD, Scofield RP, Lambert DM. 2003. Nuclear DNA sequences detect species limits in ancient moa. Nature 425:175-178. (Pubitemid 37150894)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , Issue.6954 , pp. 175-178
    • Huynen, L.1    Millar, C.D.2    Scofield, R.P.3    Lambert, D.M.4
  • 11
    • 0000915031 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in Ramapithecinae
    • Kay RF. 1982a. Sexual dimorphism in Ramapithecinae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:209-212.
    • (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.79 , pp. 209-212
    • Kay, R.F.1
  • 12
    • 51249179769 scopus 로고
    • Sivapithecus simonsi, a new species of Miocene hominoid, with comments on the phylogenetic status of the Ramapithecinae
    • Kay RF. 1982b. Sivapithecus simonsi, a new species of Miocene hominoid, with comments on the phylogenetic status of the Ramapithecinae. Intl J Primatol 3:113-173.
    • (1982) Intl J Primatol , vol.3 , pp. 113-173
    • Kay, R.F.1
  • 13
    • 0002659170 scopus 로고
    • Species recognition and sexual dimorphism in Proconsul and Rangwapithecus
    • Kelley J. 1986. Species recognition and sexual dimorphism in Proconsul and Rangwapithecus. J Hum Evol 15:461-495.
    • (1986) J Hum Evol , vol.15 , pp. 461-495
    • Kelley, J.1
  • 14
    • 0001632069 scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic implications of sexual dimorphism in Lufengpithecus
    • Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors New York: Plenum
    • Kelley J. 1993. Taxonomic implications of sexual dimorphism in Lufengpithecus. In: Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors. Species, species concepts, and primate evolution. New York: Plenum. p 429-457.
    • (1993) Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution , pp. 429-457
    • Kelley, J.1
  • 15
    • 0028958149 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in canine shape among extant great apes
    • Kelley J. 1995a. Sexual dimorphism in canine shape among extant great apes. Am J Phys Anthropol 96:365-389.
    • (1995) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.96 , pp. 365-389
    • Kelley, J.1
  • 16
    • 0028944569 scopus 로고
    • Sex determination in Miocene catarrhine primates
    • Kelley J. 1995b. Sex determination in Miocene catarrhine primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 96:391-417.
    • (1995) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.96 , pp. 391-417
    • Kelley, J.1
  • 18
    • 41349093353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new hominoid species from the middle Miocene site of Paşalar. Turkey
    • Kelley J, Andrews P, Alpagut B. 2008. A new hominoid species from the middle Miocene site of Paşalar. Turkey. J Hum Evol 54:455-479.
    • (2008) J Hum Evol , vol.54 , pp. 455-479
    • Kelley, J.1    Andrews, P.2    Alpagut, B.3
  • 19
    • 84990085760 scopus 로고
    • Hominoid dental variability and species number at the late Miocene site of Lufeng, China
    • Kelley J, Etler D. 1989. Hominoid dental variability and species number at the late Miocene site of Lufeng, China. Am J Primatol 18:15-34.
    • (1989) Am J Primatol , vol.18 , pp. 15-34
    • Kelley, J.1    Etler, D.2
  • 20
    • 0032462307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulation test of hominoid species number at Lufeng, China: Implications for the use of the coefficient of variation in paleotaxonomy
    • DOI 10.1006/jhev.1998.0253
    • Kelley J, Plavcan JM. 1998. A simulation test of hominoid species number at Lufeng, China: implications for the use of the coefficient of variation in paleotaxonomy. J Hum Evol 35:577-596. (Pubitemid 29089633)
    • (1998) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 577-596
    • Kelley, J.1    Plavcan, J.M.2
  • 21
    • 0027285911 scopus 로고
    • Mandible of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Hominidae, Primates) from a new late Miocene locality of Macedonia (Greece)
    • Koufos GD. 1993. Mandible of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Hominidae, Primates) from a new late Miocene locality of Macedonia (Greece). Am J Phys Anthropol 91:225-234.
    • (1993) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.91 , pp. 225-234
    • Koufos, G.D.1
  • 22
    • 0029539139 scopus 로고
    • The first female maxilla of the hominoid Ouranopithecus macedoniensis from the late Miocene of Macedonia, Greece
    • Koufos GD. 1995. The first female maxilla of the hominoid Ouranopithecus macedoniensis from the late Miocene of Macedonia, Greece. J Hum Evol 29:385-399.
    • (1995) J Hum Evol , vol.29 , pp. 385-399
    • Koufos, G.D.1
  • 23
    • 33645896127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New material of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis from late Miocene of Macedonia (Greece) and study of its dental attrition
    • Koufos GD, de Bonis L. 2004. New material of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis from late Miocene of Macedonia (Greece) and study of its dental attrition. Geobios 39:223-243.
    • (2004) Geobios , vol.39 , pp. 223-243
    • Koufos, G.D.1    De Bonis, L.2
  • 24
    • 0027312115 scopus 로고
    • Human taxonomic diversity in the Pleistocene: Does Homo erectus represent multiple hominid species?
    • Kramer A. 1993. Human taxonomic diversity in the Pleistocene: does Homo erectus represent multiple hominid species? Am J Phys Anthropol 91:161-171.
    • (1993) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.91 , pp. 161-171
    • Kramer, A.1
  • 25
    • 0024251151 scopus 로고
    • A probabilistic approach to the problem of sexual dimorphism in Homo habilis: A comparison of KNM-ER 1470 and KNM-ER 1813
    • Lieberman DE, Pilbeam DR, Wood BA. 1988. A probabilistic approach to the problem of sexual dimorphism in Homo habilis: a comparison of KNM-ER 1470 and KNM-ER 1813. J Hum Evol 17:503-511.
    • (1988) J Hum Evol , vol.17 , pp. 503-511
    • Lieberman, D.E.1    Pilbeam, D.R.2    Wood, B.A.3
  • 26
    • 0032959918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in the face of Australopithecus africanus
    • Lockwood CA. 1999. Sexual dimorphism in the face of Australopithecus africanus. Am J Phys Anthropol 108:97-127.
    • (1999) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.108 , pp. 97-127
    • Lockwood, C.A.1
  • 27
    • 0033929789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends and metric variation in the mandibles and dentition of Australopithecus afarensis
    • Lockwood CA, Kimbel WH, Johanson DC. 2000. Temporal trends and metric variation in the mandibles and dentition of Australopithecus afarensis. J Hum Evol 39:23-55.
    • (2000) J Hum Evol , vol.39 , pp. 23-55
    • Lockwood, C.A.1    Kimbel, W.H.2    Johanson, D.C.3
  • 28
    • 0000024068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomization procedures and sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis
    • Lockwood CA, Richmond BG, Jungers WL, Kimbel WH. 1996. Randomization procedures and sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis. J Hum Evol 31:537-548.
    • (1996) J Hum Evol , vol.31 , pp. 537-548
    • Lockwood, C.A.1    Richmond, B.G.2    Jungers, W.L.3    Kimbel, W.H.4
  • 31
    • 0025873992 scopus 로고
    • Teeth, sex and species
    • Martin L. 1991. Teeth, sex and species. Nature 352:111-112.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.352 , pp. 111-112
    • Martin, L.1
  • 32
    • 0003143294 scopus 로고
    • Species recognition in middle Miocene hominoids
    • Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors New York: Plenum
    • Martin LB, Andrews P. 1993. Species recognition in middle Miocene hominoids. In: Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors. Species, species concepts, and primate evolution. New York: Plenum. p 393-427.
    • (1993) Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution , pp. 393-427
    • Martin, L.B.1    Andrews, P.2
  • 33
    • 17644365075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revised correlation of the Haritalyangar magnetostratigraphy, Indian Siwaliks: Implications for the age of the Miocene hominids Indopithecus and Sivapithecus, with a note on a new hominid tooth
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.12.003, PII S0047248404001708
    • Pillans B, Williams M, Cameron D, Patnaik R, Hogarth J, Sahni A, Sharma JC, Williams F, Bernor RL. 2005. Revised correlation of the Haritalyangar magnetostratigraphy, Indian Siwaliks: implications for the age of the Miocene hominids Indopithecus and Sivapithecus, with a note on a new hominid tooth. J Hum Evol 48:507-515. (Pubitemid 40572370)
    • (2005) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 507-515
    • Pillans, B.1    Williams, M.2    Cameron, D.3    Patnaik, R.4    Hogarth, J.5    Sahni, A.6    Sharma, J.C.7    Williams, F.8    Bernor, R.L.9
  • 35
    • 0002949173 scopus 로고
    • Catarrhine dental variability and species recognition in the fossil record
    • Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors New York: Plenum
    • Plavcan JM. 1993. Catarrhine dental variability and species recognition in the fossil record. In: Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors. Species, species concepts, and primate evolution. New York: Plenum. p 239-263.
    • (1993) Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution , pp. 239-263
    • Plavcan, J.M.1
  • 36
    • 0027968830 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of four simple methods for estimating sexual dimorphism in fossils
    • Plavcan JM. 1994. Comparison of four simple methods for estimating sexual dimorphism in fossils. Am J Phys Anthropol 94:465-476.
    • (1994) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.94 , pp. 465-476
    • Plavcan, J.M.1
  • 37
    • 84903707030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in primate evolution
    • Plavcan JM. 2001. Sexual dimorphism in primate evolution. Yearb Phys Anthropol 44:25-53.
    • (2001) Yearb Phys Anthropol , vol.44 , pp. 25-53
    • Plavcan, J.M.1
  • 38
    • 0035997874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic variation in the patterns of craniofacial dimorphism in primates
    • DOI 10.1006/jhev.2001.0542
    • Plavcan JM. 2002. Taxonomic variation in the patterns of craniofacial dimorphism in primates. J Hum Evol 42:579-608. (Pubitemid 34657930)
    • (2002) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 579-608
    • Plavcan, J.M.1
  • 39
    • 0037216574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling relationships between craniofacial sexual dimorphism and body mass dimorphism in primates: Implications for the fossil record
    • Plavcan JM. 2003. Scaling relationships between craniofacial sexual dimorphism and body mass dimorphism in primates: implications for the fossil record. Am J Phys Anthropol 120:38-60.
    • (2003) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.120 , pp. 38-60
    • Plavcan, J.M.1
  • 40
    • 0035528275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metric variation and species recognition in the fossil record
    • DOI 10.1002/evan.20001
    • Plavcan JM, Cope DA. 2001. Metric variation and species recognition in the fossil record. Evol Anthropol 10:204-222. (Pubitemid 33573113)
    • (2001) Evolutionary Anthropology , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 204-222
    • Plavcan, J.M.1    Cope, D.A.2
  • 41
    • 0041629655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis was similar to that of modern humans
    • Reno PL, Meindl RS, McCollum MA, Lovejoy CO. 2003. Sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis was similar to that of modern humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:9404-9409.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 9404-9409
    • Reno, P.L.1    Meindl, R.S.2    McCollum, M.A.3    Lovejoy, C.O.4
  • 42
    • 0000625869 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing tables of statistical tests
    • Rice WR. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 223-225
    • Rice, W.R.1
  • 43
    • 0029472055 scopus 로고
    • Size variation and sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis and living hominoids
    • Richmond BG, Jungers WL. 1995. Size variation and sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis and living hominoids. J Hum Evol 29:229-245.
    • (1995) J Hum Evol , vol.29 , pp. 229-245
    • Richmond, B.G.1    Jungers, W.L.2
  • 44
    • 0024904001 scopus 로고
    • Body mass, sexual dimorphism and femoral proportions of Proconsul from Rusinga and Mfangano Islands, Kenya
    • Ruff CB, Walker A, Teaford MF. 1989. Body mass, sexual dimorphism and femoral proportions of Proconsul from Rusinga and Mfangano islands, Kenya. J Hum Evol 18:515-536. (Pubitemid 20411475)
    • (1989) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 515-536
    • Ruff, C.B.1    Walker, A.2    Teaford, M.F.3
  • 45
    • 33644860593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metric variation and sexual dimorphism in the dentition of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis
    • Schrein CM. 2006. Metric variation and sexual dimorphism in the dentition of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis. J Hum Evol 50:460-468.
    • (2006) J Hum Evol , vol.50 , pp. 460-468
    • Schrein, C.M.1
  • 46
    • 8844241422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of crown size and shape variation in great apes and humans and species recognition in the hominid fossil record
    • Scott JE, Lockwood CA. 2004. Patterns of crown size and shape variation in great apes and humans and species recognition in the hominid fossil record. Am J Phys Anthropol 125:303-319.
    • (2004) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.125 , pp. 303-319
    • Scott, J.E.1    Lockwood, C.A.2
  • 47
    • 33748882685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bootstrap tests of significance and the case for humanlike skeletal-size dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis
    • Scott JE, Stroik LK. 2006. Bootstrap tests of significance and the case for humanlike skeletal-size dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis. J Hum Evol 51:422-428.
    • (2006) J Hum Evol , vol.51 , pp. 422-428
    • Scott, J.E.1    Stroik, L.K.2
  • 49
    • 0035011975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the taxonomic integrity of Paranthropus boisei sensu strico
    • Silverman N, Richmond B, Wood B. 2001. Testing the taxonomic integrity of Paranthropus boisei sensu strico. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:167-178.
    • (2001) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.115 , pp. 167-178
    • Silverman, N.1    Richmond, B.2    Wood, B.3
  • 50
    • 34547404833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A remarkable female cranium of the early Oligocene anthropoid Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
    • Simons EL, Seiffert ER, Ryan TM, Attia Y. 2007. A remarkable female cranium of the early Oligocene anthropoid Aegyptopithecus zeuxis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 21:8731-8736.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.21 , pp. 8731-8736
    • Simons, E.L.1    Seiffert, E.R.2    Ryan, T.M.3    Attia, Y.4
  • 51
    • 33745206312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mandibular size and shape variation in the hominins at Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia
    • Skinner MM, Gordon AD, Collard NJ. 2006. Mandibular size and shape variation in the hominins at Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia. J Hum Evol 51:36-49.
    • (2006) J Hum Evol , vol.51 , pp. 36-49
    • Skinner, M.M.1    Gordon, A.D.2    Collard, N.J.3
  • 52
    • 0033120769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics of sexual size dimorphism
    • Smith RJ. 1999. Statistics of sexual size dimorphism. J Hum Evol 36:423-459.
    • (1999) J Hum Evol , vol.36 , pp. 423-459
    • Smith, R.J.1
  • 53
    • 0031158771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass in comparative primatology
    • Smith RJ, Jungers WL. 1997. Body mass in comparative primatology. J Hum Evol 32:523-559.
    • (1997) J Hum Evol , vol.32 , pp. 523-559
    • Smith, R.J.1    Jungers, W.L.2
  • 54
    • 0002760154 scopus 로고
    • Species discrimination in Proconsul from Rusinga and Mfangano Islands, Kenya
    • Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors New York: Plenum
    • Teaford MF, Walker A, Mugaisi GS. 1993. Species discrimination in Proconsul from Rusinga and Mfangano Islands, Kenya. In: Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors. Species, species concepts, and primate evolution. New York: Plenum. p 373-392.
    • (1993) Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution , pp. 373-392
    • Teaford, M.F.1    Walker, A.2    Mugaisi, G.S.3
  • 55
    • 0003430276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University
    • Uchida A. 1996a. Craniodental variation among the great apes. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University.
    • (1996) Craniodental Variation among the Great Apes
    • Uchida, A.1
  • 56
    • 0030429195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dental variation of Proconsul from the Tinderet region, Kenya
    • Uchida A. 1996b. Dental variation of Proconsul from the Tinderet region. Kenya. J Hum Evol 31:489-497. (Pubitemid 27249637)
    • (1996) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 489-497
    • Uchida, A.1
  • 57
    • 29244489062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metric and non-metric randomization methods, geographic variation, and the single-species hypothesis for Asian and African Homo erectus
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.07.005, PII S0047248405001235
    • Villmoare B. 2005. Metric and non-metric randomization methods, geographic variation, and the single-species hypothesis for Asian and African Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 49:680-701. (Pubitemid 41824065)
    • (2005) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 680-701
    • Villmoare, B.1
  • 58
    • 0027487694 scopus 로고
    • A new species of Proconsul from the early Miocene of Rusinga/Mfangano Islands, Kenya
    • DOI 10.1006/jhev.1993.1037
    • Walker A, Teaford MF, Martin L, Andrews P. 1993. A new species of Proconsul from the early Miocene of Rusinga/Mfangano islands, Kenya. J Hum Evol 25:43-56. (Pubitemid 223035669)
    • (1993) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-56
    • Walker, A.1
  • 59
    • 84985386763 scopus 로고
    • The nature and basis of sexual dimorphism in the primate skeleton
    • Wood BA. 1976. The nature and basis of sexual dimorphism in the primate skeleton. J Zool Lond 180:15-34.
    • (1976) J Zool Lond , vol.180 , pp. 15-34
    • Wood, B.A.1
  • 60
    • 0008832342 scopus 로고
    • A palaeontological model for determining the limits of early hominid taxonomic variability
    • Wood BA. 1991. A palaeontological model for determining the limits of early hominid taxonomic variability. Paleontol Afr 28:71-77.
    • (1991) Paleontol Afr , vol.28 , pp. 71-77
    • Wood, B.A.1
  • 61
    • 0026082466 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the Lufeng dental remains
    • Wood BA, Xu Q. 1991. Variation in the Lufeng dental remains. J Hum Evol 20:291-311.
    • (1991) J Hum Evol , vol.20 , pp. 291-311
    • Wood, B.A.1    Xu, Q.2
  • 62
    • 0021107005 scopus 로고
    • Ramapithecines from China: Evidence from tooth dimensions
    • Wu R, Oxnard CE. 1983a. Ramapithecines from China: evidence from tooth dimensions. Nature 306:258-260.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.306 , pp. 258-260
    • Wu, R.1    Oxnard, C.E.2
  • 63
    • 84990156835 scopus 로고
    • Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus from China: Some implications for higher primate evolution
    • Wu R, Oxnard CE. 1983b. Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus from China: some implications for higher primate evolution. Am J Primatol 5:303-344.
    • (1983) Am J Primatol , vol.5 , pp. 303-344
    • Wu, R.1    Oxnard, C.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.