Concentrating Toxoplasma gondii and Cyclospora cayetanensis from surface water and drinking water by continuous separation channel centrifugation

Journal of Applied Microbiology

Volumn 107, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 1089-1097

  Borchardt, M A ^a   Spencer, S K ^a   Bertz, P D ^a   Ware, M W ^b   Dubey, J P ^c   Alan Lindquist, H D ^b  

^a MARSHFIELD CLINIC   (United States)

^b U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^c AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

C. cayetanensis; Coccidian parasites; Concentration; Continuous centrifugation; Drinking water; T. gondii; Waterborne pathogens

Indexed keywords

CENTRIFUGATION; EFFICIENCY; RECOVERY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SURFACE WATERS;

C CAYETANENSI; COCCIDIAN PARASITE; CONCENTRATION; CONTINUOUS CENTRIFUGATION; CONTINUOUS SEPARATION; OOCYSTS; PARASITE-; SEPARATION CHANNEL; T GONDII; WATER-BORNE PATHOGENS;

POTABLE WATER;

DRINKING WATER; SURFACE WATER;

CENTRIFUGE; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DRINKING WATER; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH RISK; PATHOGEN; PROTOZOAN; PUBLIC HEALTH; SEPARATION; SURFACE WATER;

ARTICLE; CENTRIFUGATION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTINUOUS SEPARATION CHANNEL CENTRIFUGATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS; EPIFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; FALSE NEGATIVE RESULT; FLOW CYTOMETRY; MEMBRANE FILTER; NONHUMAN; OOCYST; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; TOXOPLASMA GONDII; TURBIDITY; WATER SUPPLY;

COCCIDIA; CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS; TOXOPLASMA GONDII;

EID: 70349137479     PISSN: 13645072     EISSN: 13652672     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04316.x     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Alfano-Sobsey, E.M., Eberhard, M.L., Seed, J.R., Weber, D.J., Won, K.Y., Nace, E.K. Moe, C.L. (2004) Human challenge pilot study with Cyclospora cayetanensis. Emerg Infect Dis 10, 726 728.
2. Assavasilavasukul, P., Lau, B.L., Harrington, G.W., Hoffman, R.M. Borchardt, M.A. (2008) Effect of pathogen concentrations on removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by conventional drinking water treatment. Water Res 42, 2678 2690.
3. Bahia-Oliveira, L.M., Jones, J.L., Azevedo-Silva, J., Alves, C.C., Oréfice, F. Addiss, D.G. (2003) Highly endemic, waterborne toxoplasmosis in north Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 9, 55 62.
4. Benenson, M.W., Takafuji, E.T., Lemon, S.M., Greenup, R.L. Sulzer, A.J. (1982) Oocyst-transmitted toxoplasmosis associated with ingestion of contaminated water. N Engl J Med 307, 666 669.
5. Borchardt, M.A. Spencer, S.K. (2002) Concentration of Cryptosporidium, microsporidia and other water-borne pathogens by continuous separation channel centrifugation. J Appl Microbiol 92, 649 656.
6. Bowie, W.R., King, A.S., Werker, D.H., Isaac-Renton, J.L., Bell, A., Eng, S.B. Marion, S.A. (1997) Outbreak of toxoplasmosis associated with municipal drinking water. The BC Toxoplasma Investigation Team. Lancet 350, 173 177.
7. Dowd, S.E., John, D., Eliopolus, J., Gerba, C.P., Naranjo, J., Klein, R., López, B., de Mejía, M. et al. (2003) Confirmed detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis, Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum in water used for drinking. J Water Health 1, 117 123.
8. Dubey, J.P. (2004) Toxoplasmosis - a waterborne zoonosis. Vet Parasitol 126, 57 72.
9. Dubey, J.P., Miller, N.L. Frenkel, J.K. (1970) Characterization of the new fecal form of Toxoplasma gondii. J Parasitol 56, 447 456.
10. Dumètre, A. Dardé, M.L. (2007) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in water by an immunomagnetic separation method targeting the sporocysts. Parasitol Res 101, 989 996.
11. Eberhard, M.L. Arrowood, M.J. (2002) Cyclospora spp. Curr Opin Infect Dis 15, 519 522.
12. Frenkel, J.K., Ruiz, A. Chinchilla, M. (1975) Soil survival of Toxoplasma oocysts in Kansas and Costa Rica. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24, 439 443.
13. Herwaldt, B.L. (2000) Cyclospora cayetanensis: a review, focusing on the outbreaks of cyclosporiasis in the 1990s. Clin Infect Dis 31, 1040 1057.
14. Hoang, L.M., Fyfe, M., Ong, C., Harb, J., Champagne, S., Dixon, B. Isaac-Renton, J. (2005) Outbreak of cyclosporiasis in British Columbia associated with imported Thai basil. Epidemiol Infect 133, 23 27.
15. Hoffman, R.M., Wolk, D.M., Spencer, S.K. Borchardt, M.A. (2007) Development of a method for the detection of waterborne microsporidia. J Microbiol Methods 70, 312 318.
16. Hoge, C.W., Shlim, D.R., Rajah, R., Triplett, J., Shear, M., Rabold, J.G. Echeverria, P. (1993) Epidemiology of diarrhoeal illness associated with coccidian-like organism among travellers and foreign residents in Nepal. Lancet 341, 1175 1179.
17. Huang, P., Weber, J.T., Sosin, D.M., Griffin, P.M., Long, E.G., Murphy, J.J., Kocka, F., Peters, C. et al. (1995) The first reported outbreak of diarrheal illness associated with Cyclospora in the United States. Ann Intern Med 123, 409 414.
18. Isaac-Renton, J., Bowie, W.R., King, A., Irwin, G.S., Ong, C.S., Fung, C.P., Shokeir, M.O. Dubey, J.P. (1998) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in drinking water. Appl Environ Microbiol 64, 2278 2280.
19. Jones, J.L., Kruszon-Moran, D. Wilson, M. (2003) Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States, 1999-2000. Emerg Infect Dis 9, 1371 1374.
20. el-Karamany, E.M., Zaher, T.I. el-Bahnasawy, M.M. (2005) Role of water in the transmission of cyclosporiarsis in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 35, 953 962.
21. Kourenti, C. Karanis, P. (2006) Evaluation and applicability of a purification method coupled with nested PCR for the detection of Toxoplasma oocysts in water. Lett Appl Microbiol 43, 475 481.
22. Kourenti, C., Heckeroth, A., Tenter, A. Karanis, P. (2003) Development and application of different methods for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in water. Appl Environ Microbiol 69, 102 106.
23. Lalonde, L.F. Gajadhar, A.A. (2008) Highly sensitive and specific PCR assay for reliable detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts. Appl Environ Microbiol 74, 4354 4358.
24. Lindquist, H.D., Bennett, J.W., Hester, J.D., Ware, M.W., Dubey, J.P. Everson, W.V. (2003) Autofluorescence of Toxoplasma gondii and related coccidian oocysts. J Parasitol 89, 865 867.
25. Lopez, A.S., Bendik, J.M., Alliance, J.Y., Roberts, J.M., da Silva, A.J., Moura, I.N., Arrowood, M.J., Eberhard, M.L. et al. (2003) Epidemiology of Cyclospora cayetanensis and other intestinal parasites in a community in Haiti. J Clin Microbiol 41, 2047 2054.
26. Montoya, J.G. Liesenfeld, O. (2004) Toxoplasmosis. Lancet 363, 1965 1976.
27. de Moura, L., Bahia-Oliveira, L.M., Wada, M.Y., Jones, J.L., Tuboi, S.H., Carmo, E.H., Ramalho, W.M., Camargo, N.J. et al. (2006) Waterborne toxoplasmosis, Brazil, from field to gene. Emerg Infect Dis 12, 326 329.
28. Rabold, J.G., Hoge, C.W., Shlim, D.R., Kefford, C., Rajah, R. Echeverria, P. (1994) Cyclospora outbreak associated with chlorinated drinking water. Lancet 344, 1360 1361.
29. Ribes, J.A., Seabolt, J.P. Overman, S.B. (2004) Point prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Isopora infections in patients being evaluated for diarrhea. Am J Clin Pathol 122, 28 32.
30. Sauch, J.F. (1984) Purification of Giardia muris cysts by velocity sedimentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 48, 454 455.
31. Schwab, K.J. McDevitt, J.J. (2003) Development of a PCR-enzyme immunoassay oligoprobe detection method for Toxoplasma gondii oocysts, incorporating PCR controls. Appl Environ Microbiol 69, 5819 5825.
32. Shields, J.M. Olson, B.H. (2003) PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis in environmental waters without microscopic confirmation. Appl Environ Microbiol 69, 4662 4669.
33. Sotiriadou, I. Karanis, P. (2008) Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in water samples and comparative findings by polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence test (IFT). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 62, 357 365.
34. Speer, C.A., Clark, S. Dubey, J.P. (1998) Ultrastructure of the oocysts, sporocysts, and sporozoites of Toxoplasma gondii. J Parasitol 84, 505 512.
35. Sterling, C.R. Ortega, Y.R. (1999) Cyclospora: An enigma worth unraveling. Emerg Infect Dis 5, 48 53.
36. Sturbaum, G.D., Ortega, Y.R., Gilman, R.H., Sterling, C.R., Cabrera, L. Klein, D.A. (1998) Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis in wastewater. Appl Environ Microbiol 64, 2284 2286.
37. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2005) Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA. Office of Water, Accession number 815-R-05-002, Washington, DC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Available at: http://www.epa.gov/microbes/1623de05.pdf. Accessed October 17, 2008.
38. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2008) Large-Volume Sample Preparation for Waterborne Pathogens. Workshop summary report. Office of Water. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw000/methods/pdfs/meeting-summary-workshop- waterbornepathogens.pdf. Accessed 28 January 2009.
39. Vetterling, J.M. (1969) Continuous-flow differential density flotation of coccidial oocysts and a comparison with other methods. J Parasitol 55, 412 417.
40. Villena, I., Aubert, D., Gomis, P., Ferté, H., Inglard, J.C., Denis-Bisiaux, H., Dondon, J.M., Pisano, E. et al. (2004) Evaluation of a strategy for Toxoplasma gondii oocyst detection in water. Appl Environ Microbiol 70, 4035 4039.
41. Wainwright, K.E., Miller, M.A., Barr, B.C., Gardner, I.A., Melli, A.C., Essert, T., Packham, A.E., Truong, T. et al. (2007) Chemical inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water. J Parasitol 93, 925 931. (Pubitemid 47502210)
42. Wilson, M., Jones, J.L. McAuley, J.B. (2003) Toxoplasma. In Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 8th edn ed. Murray, P.R., Baron, E.J., Jorgensen, J.H., Pfaller, M.A. Yolken, R.H. pp. 1970 1980. Washington, DC : ASM Press.
43. Yilmaz, S.M. Hopkins, S.H. (1972) Effects of different conditions on duration of infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. J Parasitol 58, 938 939.
44. Zuckerman, U. Tzipori, S. (2006) Portable continuous flow centrifugation and method 1623 for monitoring of waterborne protozoa from large volumes of various water matrices. J Appl Microbiol 100, 1220 1227.