Treatment including anthracyclines versus treatment not including anthracyclines for childhood cancer

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn , Issue 1, 2009, Pages

  Van Dalen, Elvira C ^a   Raphaël, Martine F ^b   Caron, Huib N ^a   Kremer, Leontien C M ^a  

^a EMMA CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Anthracyclines adverse effects; *therapeutic use ; Antibiotics, antineoplastic adverse effects; *therapeutic use ; Bone neoplasms drug therapy ; Child; Heart diseases chemically induced ; Humans; Kidney neoplasms drug therapy ; Lymphoma, non Hodgkin drug therapy ; Neoplasms *drug therapy ; Precursor cell lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoma drug therapy ; Randomized controlled trials as topic; Sarcoma drug therapy ; Wilms tumor drug therapy

Indexed keywords

ANTHRACYCLINE; CISPLATIN; CYTARABINE; DACTINOMYCIN; DAUNORUBICIN; DOXORUBICIN; EPIRUBICIN; FLUDARABINE; FLUOROURACIL; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; IFOSFAMIDE; METHOTREXATE; PREDNISONE; VINCRISTINE;

ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER REGRESSION; CANCER SURVIVAL; CANCER THERAPY; CARDIOTOXICITY; CHILDHOOD CANCER; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; EMBASE; EVENT FREE SURVIVAL; EWING SARCOMA; FOLLOW UP; HAZARD RATIO; HEART DEATH; HEART DISEASE; HEPATOBLASTOMA; HUMAN; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LUNG METASTASIS; MEDLINE; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; NEPHRECTOMY; NEPHROBLASTOMA; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; OVERALL SURVIVAL; RADIOISOTOPE VENTRICULOGRAPHY; REVIEW; RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SKULL IRRADIATION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

EID: 70249138678     PISSN: 1469493X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006647.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (173)

1. D'Angio GJ, Evans A, Breslow N, Beckwith B, Bishop H, Farewell V, et al. The treatment of Wilms' tumor: results of the Second National Wilms' Tumor Study. Cancer 1981;47:2302-2311 (Pubitemid 11098607)
2. D'Angio GJ, Evans A, Breslow N, Beckwith B, Bishop H, Farewell V, et al. The treatment of Wilms' tumor: results of the Second National Wilms' Tumor Study. Cancer 1981;47:2302-2311 (Pubitemid 11098607)
3. D'Angio GJ, Evans A, Breslow N, Beckwith B, Bishop H, Farewell V, et al. The treatment of Wilms' tumor: results of the Second National Wilms' Tumor Study. Cancer 1981;47:2302-2311 (Pubitemid 11098607)
4. D'Angio GJ, Evans A, Breslow N, Beckwith B, Bishop H, Farewell V, et al. The treatment of Wilms' tumor: results of the Second National Wilms' Tumor Study. Cancer 1981;47:2302-2311 (Pubitemid 11098607)
5. Eden OB, Lilleyman JS, Richards S, Shaw MP, Peto J. Results of Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Trial UKALL VIII (report to the Medical Research Council on behalf of the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood). British Journal of Haematology 1991;78:187-196
6. Maurer HM, Beltangady M, Gehan EA, Crist W, Hammond D, Hays DM, et al.The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-I. A final report. Cancer 1988;61:209-220 (Pubitemid 18056471)
7. Maurer HM, Beltangady M, Gehan EA, Crist W, Hammond D, Hays DM, et al.The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-I. A final report. Cancer 1988;61:209-220 (Pubitemid 18056471)
8. Maurer HM, Beltangady M, Gehan EA, Crist W, Hammond D, Hays DM, et al.The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-I. A final report. Cancer 1988;61:209-220 (Pubitemid 18056471)
9. Nesbit ME Jr, Gehan EA, Burgert EO Jr, Vietti TJ, Cangir A, Tefft M, et al. Multimodal therapy for the management of primary, non-metastatic Ewing's sarcoma of bone: a long-term follow-up of the First Intergroup study. Journal of ClinicalOncology 1990;8:1664-1674 (Pubitemid 20334321)
10. Sposto R, Meadows AT, Chilcote RR, Steinherz PG, Kjeldsberg C, Kadin ME, et al.Comparison of long-term outcome of children and adolescents with disseminated non-lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with COMP or daunomycin-COMP: A report from the Children's Cancer Group. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 2001;37:432-441 (Pubitemid 33029637)
11. Van der Does-van den Berg A, de Koning J, Reerink H, de Vries JA, van Zanen GE. Acute lymphatic leukemia in children in the Netherlands; study ALL I, 1972-1973; Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group [Acute lymfatische leukemie bij kinderen in Nederland; onderzoek ALL I, 1972-1973; Stichting Nederlandse Werkgroep Leukemie bij Kinderen (SNWLK)]. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 1975;119:1445-1451
12. Van der Does-van den Berg A, van Wering ER, Suciu S, Solbu G, van 't Veer MB, Rammeloo JA, et al. Effectiveness of rubidomycin in induction therapy with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase for standard risk childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: results of a Dutch phase III study (ALL V). A report on behalf of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group (DCLSG). The American Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 1989;11:125-133 (Pubitemid 19146399)
13. Alvegard TA, Sigurdsson H, Mouridsen H, Solheim O, Unsgaard B, Ringborg U, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin in highgrade soft tissue sarcoma: a randomized trial of the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1989;7:1504-1513 (Pubitemid 19245122)
14. Alvegard TA, Berg NO, Ranstam J, Rydholm A, Rooser B. Prognosis in high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group experience in a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1989;60:517-521 (Pubitemid 20011021)
15. Alvegard TA, Berg NO, Baldetorp B, Ferno M, Killander D, Ranstam J, et al. Cellular DNA content and prognosis of high-grade soft tissue sarcoma: the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group experience. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1990;8:538-547 (Pubitemid 20087555)
16. Antman KH, Amato D, Lerner H, Suit H, Corson J, Wood W, et al. Pooled results of two randomized trials of adjuvant doxorubicin for sarcomas: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Massachusetts General Hospital Study. In: Jones S, Salmon S editor(s). Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer IV. Orlando: Grune and Stratton, 1984:611-620
17. Antman K, Suit H, Amato D, Corson J, Wood W, Proppe K, et al. Preliminary results of a randomized trial of adjuvant doxorubicin for sarcomas: lack of apparent difference between treatment groups. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1984;2:601-608 (Pubitemid 14025615)
18. Antman KH, Amato D, Lerner H, Suit HD, Corson J, Wood WC, et al. Adjuvant doxorubicin for sarcoma: data from the ECOG and DFCI/MGH studies. Cancer Treatment Symposia 1985;3:109-115
19. Antman K, Amato D, Pilepich M, Lerner H, Balcerzak S, Borden E, et al. A preliminary analysis of a randomized intergroup (SWOG, ECOG, CALGB, NCOG) trial of adjuvant doxorubicin for soft tissue sarcomas. In: Salmon S editor(s). Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer V. Orlando: Grune and Stratton, 1987:725-734
20. Antman K, Ryan I, Borden E, Wood WC, Lerner HL, Corson JM, et al. Pooled results from three randomized adjuvant studies of doxorubicin versus observation in soft tissue sarcoma: 10-year results and review of the literature. In: Salmon S editor(s). Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer VI. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1990:529-544
21. Aur RJ, Verzosa MS, Hustu HO, Simone JV. Response to combination therapy after relapse in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 1972;30:334-338
22. Bacci G, Pignatti G, Dallari D, Mercuri M, Bertoni F, Bacchini P, et al. Primary chemotherapy and delayed surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) for telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma of the extremities. Journal of Chemotherapy 1989;1:190-196 (Pubitemid 19189928)
23. Barr RD, DeVeber LL, Pai KM, Andrew M, Halton J, Cairney AE, et al. Management of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia by the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute protocols. An update of the Ontario experience. American Journal of PediatricHematology/Oncology 1992; 14:136-139
24. Bellani FF, Gasparini M, Gennari L, Fontanillas L, Bonadonna G. Adjuvant treatment with adriamycin in primary operable osteosarcoma. Cancer Treatment Reports 1978;62:279-281 (Pubitemid 8287343)
25. Berman E, Raymond V, Gee T, Kempin SJ, Gulati S, Andreeff M, et al. Idarubicin in acute leukemia: results of studies atMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Seminars of Oncology 1989;16:30-34 (Pubitemid 19111371)
26. Bessho F, Kinumaki H, Yokota S, Hayashi Y, Kobayashi M, Kamoshita S. Liver function studies in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia after cessation of therapy. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 1994;23:111-115 (Pubitemid 24213324)
27. Biondi A, Rizzari C, Valsecchi MG, De Lorenzo P, Arico M, Basso G, et al. Role of treatment intensification in infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of two consecutive AIEOP studies. Haematologica 2006;91:534-537
28. Birch R, Williams S, Cone A, Einhorn L, Roark P, Turner S, et al. Prognostic factors for favorable outcome in disseminated germ cell tumors. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1986;4:400-407 (Pubitemid 16133094)
29. Blakely ML, Shamberger RC, Norkool P, Beckwith JB, Green DM, RitcheyML. Outcome of children with cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma treated with or without chemotherapy. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2003;38:897-900. (Pubitemid 36666285)
30. Bradford WB, Jose BO, Butler D, Lindberg RD, Paris K, Spanos WJ, et al.Rhabdomyosarcoma in children - a ten year review. The Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association 1998;96:399-402.
31. Breslow NE, Ou SS, Beckwith JB, Haase GM, Kalapurakal JA, Ritchey ML, et al. Doxorubicin for favorable histology, Stage II-III Wilms tumor: results fromtheNationalWilms Tumor Studies. Cancer 2004;101:1072-1080
32. Caceres E, Zaharia M, Moran M, Tejada F. Adjuvant whole-lung radiation with or without adriamycin treatment in osteogenic sarcoma. Cancer Treatment Reports 1978;62:297-299 (Pubitemid 8287347)
33. Carlsen NL, Schroeder H, Bro PV, Hesselbjerg U, Jensen KB, Nielsen OH, et al. Response to multimodal treatment in advanced neuroblastomas. Factors associated with complete remission induction, and factors associated with prolonged survival. Anticancer Research 1989; 9:837-844 (Pubitemid 19266315)
34. Chau I, Jones R, Cunningham D, Wotherspoon A, Maisey N, Norman AR, et al. Outcome of follicular lymphoma grade 3: is anthracycline necessary as front-line therapy?. British Journal of Cancer 2003; 89:36-42. (Pubitemid 36897932)
35. Chessells JM, Bailey CC, Richards S. MRC UKALL X. The UK protocol for childhood ALL: 1985-1990. Leukemia 1992;6:157-161
36. Chessells JM, Harrison G, Richards SM, Gibson BE, Bailey CC, Hill FG, et al. Failure of a new protocol to improve treatment results in paediatric lymphoblastic leukaemia: lessons from the UK Medical Research Council trials UKALL X and UKALL XI. British Journal of Haematology 2002;118:445-455 (Pubitemid 34994648)
37. Craft AW, Burgers JM. The European Osteosarcoma Intergroup (E.O.I.) studies 1980-1991. Cancer Treatment and Research 1993; 62:279-286
38. Creutzig U, Zimmermann M, Ritter J, Reinhardt D, Hermann J, Henze G, et al. Treatment strategies and long-term results in paediatric patients treated in four consecutive AML-BFMtrials. Leukemia 2005;19:2030-2042 (Pubitemid 41741595)
39. Creutzig U, Zimmermann M, Lehrnbecher T, Graf N, Hermann J, Niemeyer CM, et al. Less toxicity by optimizing chemotherapy, but not by addition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia: results of AML-BFM 98. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006;24:4499-4506. (Pubitemid 46646248)
40. Crist W, Gehan EA, Ragab AH, Dickman PS, Donaldson SS, Fryer C, et al. The Third Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1995;13:610-630
41. Culbert SJ, Shuster JJ, Land VJ, Wharam MD, Thomas PR, Nitschke R, et al. Remission induction and continuation therapy in children with their first relapse of acute lymphoid leukemia. A Pediatric Oncology Group study. Cancer 1991;67:37-42.
42. D'Angio GJ, Breslow N, Beckwith JB, Evans A, Baum H, DeLorimier A, et al. Treatment of Wilms' tumor. Results of the Third National Wilms' Tumor Study. Cancer 1989;64:349-360 (Pubitemid 19180392)
43. De Bernardi B, Nicolas B, Boni L, Indolfi P, Carli M, Cordero Di ML, et al. Disseminated neuroblastoma in children older than one year at diagnosis: comparable results with three consecutive highdose protocols adopted by the Italian Co-Operative Group for Neuroblastoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003;21:1592-1601. (Pubitemid 46594114)
44. Dluzniewska A, Balwierz W, Balcerska A, Chybicka A, Dobaczewski G, Kowalczyk J, et al. Efficacy of idarubicin in the treatment of childhood acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia: report of Polish Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group. Przeglad Lekarski 2003; 60 Suppl 5:17-21.
45. Dunst J. Therapy results of the British ET-1 study for Ewing's sarcoma. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 1998;174:289-290
46. Eilber FR, Giuliano AE, Huth JF, Morton DL. A randomized prospective trial using postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (adriamycin) in high-grade extremity soft-tissue sarcoma. American Journal of Clinical Oncology 1988;11:39-45.
47. Einhorn LH, Williams SD, Troner M, Birch R, Greco FA. The role of maintenance therapy in disseminated testicular cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 1981;305:727-731 (Pubitemid 11062055)
48. Elomaa I. An update of Scandinavian studies of osteosarcoma. Cancer Treatment and Research 1993;62:293-298
49. Etcubanas E, Hustu O, Sklar M, Pratt C. Influence of different treatment modalities on the curability of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma of the head or neck. European PaediatricHaematology & Oncology 1; 1984:239-244 (Pubitemid 15146586)
50. Evans R, Nesbit M, Askin F, Burgert O, Cangir A, Foulkes M, et al. Local recurrence, rate and sites ofmetastases, and time to relapse as a function of treatment regimen, size of primary and surgical history in 62 patients presenting with non-metastatic Ewing's sarcoma of the pelvic bones. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1985;11:129-136 (Pubitemid 15169361)
51. Evans AE, Norkool P, Evans I, Breslow N, D'Angio GJ. Late effects of treatment for Wilms' tumor. A report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group. Cancer 1991;67:331-336
52. Fink FM, Gadner H, Grumayer ER, Kardos G, Revesz T, Urban C, et al.Treatment of childhood acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: cooperative Austrian-Hungarian study AML-IGCI-84. Haematology and Blood Transfusion 1990;33:233-236
53. Frappaz D, Perol D, Michon J, Berger C, Coze C, Bernard JL, et al. The LMCE5 unselected cohort of 25 children consecutively diagnosed with untreated stage 4 neuroblastoma over 1 year at diagnosis. British Journal of Cancer 2002;87:1197-1203. (Pubitemid 36009122)
54. Fukuoka M, Masuda N, Takada M, Kodama N, Kawahara M, Furuse K. Dose-intensive chemotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Seminars in Oncology 1994;21:43-47 (Pubitemid 24125946)
55. Garbes ID, Gomez GA, Han T, Henderson ES. Salvage chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 1987;15:45-48 (Pubitemid 17118765)
56. Gaynon PS, Steinherz PG, Bleyer WA, Ablin AR, Albo VC, Finklestein JZ, et al. Improved therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and unfavorable presenting features: a followup report of the Childrens Cancer Group Study CCG-106. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993;11:2234-2242 (Pubitemid 23332262)
57. Glanzmann C, Kaufmann P, Jenni R, Hess OM, Huguenin P. Cardiac risk after mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Radiotherapy & Oncology 1998;46:51-62. (Pubitemid 28072859)
58. Green DM, Breslow NE, Beckwith JB, Moksness J, Finklestein JZ, D'Angio GJ. Treatment of children with clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney: a report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1994;12:2132-2137 (Pubitemid 24356031)
59. Green DM, Breslow NE, Evans I, Moksness J, D'Angio GJ. Treatment of children with stage IV favorable histology Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 1996;26:147-152 (Pubitemid 26046143)
60. Green DM, Hyland A, Chung CS, Zevon MA, Hall BC. Cancer and cardiac mortality among 15-year survivors of cancer diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999; 17:3207-3215 (Pubitemid 29470653)
61. Grier HE, Gelber RD, Clavell LA, Camitta BM, Link MP, Garcea MJ, et al.Intensive sequential chemotherapy for children with acute myelogenous leukemia. Haematology and Blood Transfusion 1990; 33:193-197
62. Gururangan S, Sposto R, Cairo MS, Meadows AT, Finlay JL. Outcome of CNS disease at diagnosis in disseminated small noncleavedcell lymphoma and B-cell leukemia: a Children's Cancer Group study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2000;18:2017-2025 (Pubitemid 30324353)
63. Hainsworth JD, Williams SD, Einhorn LH, Birch R, Greco FA. Successful treatment of resistant germinal neoplasms with VP-16 and cisplatin: results of a Southeastern Cancer StudyGroup trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1985;3:666-671
64. Harms D, Janka-Schaub GE. Co-operative study group for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (COALL): long-term follow-up of trials 82, 85, 89 and 92. Leukemia 2000;14:2234-2239 (Pubitemid 32042264)
65. Hays DM, Shimada H, Raney RB Jr, Tefft M, Newton W, Crist WM, et al. Clinical staging and treatment results in rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genital tract among children and adolescents. Cancer 1988;61:1893-1903. (Pubitemid 18112774)
66. Henze G, Fengler R, Hartmann R, Dopfer R, Gobel U, Graf N, et al. Chemotherapy for bone marrow relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Chemotherapy & Pharmacology 1989; 24:S16-S19. (Pubitemid 19197356)
67. Hitchcock-Bryan S, Gelber R, Cassady JR, Sallan SE. The impact of induction anthracycline on long-term failure-free survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 1986;14:211-215 (Pubitemid 16016480)
68. Hodgson DC, Tsang RW, Pintilie M, Sun A, Wells W, Crump M, et al. Impact of chest wall and lung invasion on outcome of stage III Hodgkin's lymphoma after combined modality therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 2003;57:1374-1381 (Pubitemid 37443979)
69. Holland JF. E Pluribus Unum: Presidential address. Cancer Research 1971;31:1319-1329
70. Humphrey GB, Fernbach DJ, Razek AA, Stuckey WJ, Komp D, George S. Evaluation of daunorubicin (NSC-82151) andmethotrexate (NSC-740) in combination as a remission maintenance regimen in the treatment of acute leukemia. Cancer Chemotherapy Reports 1975;59:395-399
71. Iarussi D, Indolfi P, Pisacane C, Casale F, Martino V, Fusco A, et al. Comparison of left ventricular function by echocardiogram in patients withWilms' tumor treated with anthracyclines versus those not so treated. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2003;92:359-361 (Pubitemid 36897734)
72. Ihde DC, Kane RC, Cohen MH, McIntire KR, Minna JD. Adriamycin therapy in American patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Treatment Report 1977;61:1385-1387 (Pubitemid 8204112)
73. Isu K, Yamawaki S, Usui M. A group study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma - Results and problems of T-12 protocol. Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association 1992;66:S9-S10.
74. JaffeN, Link MP, Cohen D,Traggis D, Frei E III, Watts H, et al. Highdose methotrexate in osteogenic sarcoma. National Cancer Institute Monograph 1981:201-206
75. Janka-Schaub GE, Winkler K, Gobel U, Graubner U, Schwenger M, Haas RJ, et al. First results of the CO ALL-85 cooperative study for high-risk patients with acute lymphatic leukemia. Klinische Padiatrie 1988;200:171-176 (Pubitemid 18177577)
76. Kinsella TJ, Miser JS, Waller B, Venzon D, Glatstein E, Weaver-McClure L, et al. Long-term follow-up of Ewing's sarcoma of bone treated with combined modality therapy. International Journal Of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1991;20:389-395
77. Konopka L, Pawelski S. Results of three polychemotherapy programs in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Journal of Chemotherapy 1989;1: 1259-1262
78. Kurrle E, Ehninger G, Freund M, Heil G, Hoelzer D, Link H, et al. A multicentre study on intensive induction and consolidation therapy in acute myelogenous leukaemia. Blut 1988;56:233-236 (Pubitemid 18145949)
79. Lager JJ, Lyden ER, Anderson JR, Pappo AS, Meyer WH, Breitfeld PP. Pooled analysis of phase II window studies in children with contemporary high-risk metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children's Oncology Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006;24:3415-22.
80. Lilleyman JS, Gibson BE, Stevens RF, Will AM, Hann IM, Richards SM, et al. Clearance of marrow infiltration after 1 week of therapy for childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: clinical importance and the effect of daunorubicin. The Medical Research Council's Working Party onChildhood Leukaemia. British Journal ofHaematology 1997; 97:603-606
81. Lindberg RD, Murphy WK, Benjamin RS, Sinkovics JG, Martin RG, Romsdahl MM, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of primary soft tissue sarcomas: a preliminary report. Management of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors. Chicago: Book Medical Publishers, 1977:343-352
82. Link MP, Goorin AM, Miser AW. The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on relapse-free survival in patients with osteosarcoma of the extremity. New England Journal of Medicine 1986;314:1600-1606
83. Madej G, Siedlecki P, Meyza J. Preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of a modified treatment program in patients with malignant testicular neoplasms. Polski Tygodnik Lekarski 1987;42:836-840
84. Madon E, PastoreG, Cordero Di ML, Brach del PA, LaninoE. Italian multicenter experience in the treatment of neuroblastoma and soft tissue sarcoma. Minerva Pediatrica 1985;37:603-610 (Pubitemid 16243571)
85. Mahmoud HH, Rivera GK, Hancock ML, Krance RA, Kun LE, Behm FG, et al. Low leukocyte counts with blast cells in cerebrospinal fluid of children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine 1993;329:314-319
86. Maiakova SA, Makhonova LA. Consolidating chemotherapy in the treatment programof acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Vestnik Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk SSSR 1986:15-17
87. Malpas J, Mathe G, Hayat M. Comparison of the effects of cytosine arabinoside, cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine, and cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin in acute myeloid leukemia. Bulletin du Cancer 1974;61:411-418
88. Marcus RE, Catovsky D, Prentice HG, Newland AC, Chessells JM, Stevens RF, et al.Intensive induction and consolidation chemotherapy for adults and children with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) joint AML trial 1982-1985. Haematology and Blood Transfusion 1987;30:346-351
89. Matsuzaki A, Ishii E, Nagatoshi Y, Eguchi H, Koga H, Yanai F, et al. Long-term outcome of treatment with protocols AL841, AL851, and ALHR88 in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results obtained by the Kyushu-Yamaguchi Children's Cancer Study Group. International Journal of Hematology 2001;73:369-377 (Pubitemid 33758996)
90. Maurer HM. The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study: update, november 1978. National Cancer Institute Monograph 1981;56:61-68
91. Meisel JA, Guthrie KA, Breslow NE, Donaldson SS, Green DM. Significance and management of computed tomography detected pulmonary nodules: a report from the NationalWilms Tumor Study Group. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1999;44:579-585
92. Meza JL, Anderson J, Pappo AS,Meyer WH. Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with nonmetastatic rhabdomyosarcoma treated on intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma studies III and IV: the Children's Oncology Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006;24:3844-3851 (Pubitemid 46630730)
93. Miser JS, Pritchard DJ, Rock MG, Shives TC, Gilchrist GS, Smithson WA, et al.Osteosarcoma in adolescents and young adults: new developments and controversies. The Mayo Clinic studies. Cancer Treatment and Research 1993;62:333-338
94. Muus P, Donnelly P, Schattenberg A, Linssen P, Minderman H, Dompeling E, et al.Idarubicin-related side effects in recipients of T-celldepleted allogeneic bonemarrow transplants are schedule dependent. Seminars of Oncology 1993;20:47-52. (Pubitemid 24013209)
95. Nachman J, Sather HN, Buckley JD, Gaynon PS, Steinherz PG, Tubergen DG, et al. Young adults 16-21 years of age at diagnosis entered on Childrens Cancer Group acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloblastic leukemia protocols: Results of treatment. Cancer 1993;71:3377-3385 (Pubitemid 23148530)
96. Nishimura H, Yamada T, Hagio Y, Inoue T, Tsunawaki A, Yakushiji M, et al. Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (CDDP) as single agent or cddp in combination with adriamycin (ADM). Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1983;10:938-943
97. No authors listed. Randomised comparison of cisplatin with cyclophosphamide/cisplatin and with cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/cisplatin in advanced ovarian cancer. Gruppo Interegionale Cooperativo Oncologico Ginecologia. Lancet 1987;2:353-359
98. Ochiai K. Strategy for the ovarian cancer treatment. Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy 1993;20:2454-2460
99. Okamura J, Ikuno Y, Yamada S, Tasaka H, Nibu K, Ikeda N, et al. Results of treatment in children with diffuse large cell lymphoma. Rinsho Ketsueki 1987;28:1365-1369
100. Omura GA, Blessing JA, Major F, Lifshitz S, Ehrlich CE, Mangan C, et al. A randomized clinical trial of adjuvant adriamycin in uterine sarcomas: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1985;3:1240-1245 (Pubitemid 15226529)
101. Ortega JA, Wharam M, Gehan EA, Ragab AH, Crist W, Webber B, et al. Clinical features and results of therapy for children with paraspinal soft tissue sarcoma: A report of the intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1991;9:796-801.
102. Paulino AC, Wilimas J, Marina N, Jones D, Kumar M, Greenwald C, et al. Local control in synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1996;36: 541-548 (Pubitemid 26404296)
103. Paulino AC, Bauman N, Simon JH, Nguyen TX, Ritchie JM, Tannous R. Local control of parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma: outcomes in non-complete responders to chemoradiation. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 2003;41:118-122 (Pubitemid 36858330)
104. Pavlovsky S. Argentinian Group for the Treatment of Acute Leukemia: our experience in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Sangre 1981;26:845-854
105. Pawson R, Potter MN, Theocharous P, Lawler M, Garg M, Yin JA, et al. Treatment of relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with reduced intensity conditioning (FLAG+/- Ida) and second allogeneic stem cell transplant. British Journal of Haematology 2001; 115:622-629 (Pubitemid 34015655)
106. Perez CA, Tefft M, Nesbit ME Jr, Burgert EO Jr, Vietti TJ, Kissane J, et al.Radiation therapy in the multimodal management of Ewing's sarcoma of bone: report of the Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study. National Cancer Institute Monograph 1981:263-271 (Pubitemid 12193870)
107. Picci P, Bacci G, Ferrari S, Mercuri M. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone and in osteosarcoma located in the extremities: analogies and differences between the two tumors. Annals of Oncology 1997;8:1107-1115 (Pubitemid 27521218)
108. Pontz BF, Gutjahr P. Aggressive cytostatic treatment of osteogenic sarcoma in childhood. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1981; 106:200-207 (Pubitemid 11179282)
109. Pratt CB, Hustu HO, Kumar AP, Johnson WW, Ransom JL, Howarth CB, et al. Treatment of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 1962-78. National Cancer Institute Monograph 1981:93-101. (Pubitemid 12193847)
110. Pratt CB, Meyer WH, Rao BN, Parham DM, Fleming ID. Osteosarcoma studies at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital from 1968 through 1990. Cancer Treatment and Research 1993;62:323-326
111. Quattrin N, Montuori R, Di Girolamo R, Cimino R. Our recent therapeutic experiences in acute leukemia. Minerva Medica 1975; 66:2538-2545
112. Rai KR, Holland JF, Glidewell OJ, Weinberg V, Brunner K, Obrecht JP, et al. Treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia: a study by cancer and leukemia group B. Blood 1981;58:1203-1212 (Pubitemid 12251149)
113. Rammeloo LA, Postma A, Sobotka-PlojharMA, Bink-Boelkens MT, Berg A, Veerman AJ, et al. Low-dose daunorubicin in induction treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: no cardiac damage in a randomized study of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 2000;35: 13-19 (Pubitemid 30447819)
114. Raney RB Jr, Lawrence W Jr, Maurer HM, Lindberg RD, Newton WA Jr, Ragab AH, et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the ear in childhood. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-I. Cancer 1983;51:2356-2361
115. Raney B, Schnaufer L, Ziegler M, Chatten J, Littman P, Jarrett P. Treatment of children with neurogenic sarcoma. Experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 1958-1984. Cancer 1987;59: 1-5.
116. Raney RB Jr, Tefft M, Maurer HM, Ragab AH, Hays DM, Soule EH, et al. Disease patterns and survival rate in children with metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS)-I. Cancer 1988;62:1257-1266 (Pubitemid 18218261)
117. Raney RB Jr, Crist W, Hays D, Newton W, Ruymann F, Tefft M, et al. Soft tissue sarcoma of the perineal region in childhood. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies I and II, 1972 through 1984. Cancer 1990;65:2787-2792
118. Rees JK, Gray RG. Remission induction and postremission therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia: British MRC Study. Haematology and Blood Transfusion 1990;33:243-248
119. Ritchey ML, Pringle KC, Breslow NE, Takashima J, Moksness J, Zuppan CW, et al. Management and outcome of inoperable Wilms tumor. A report ofNationalWilmsTumor Study-3. Annals of Surgery 1994;220:683-690 (Pubitemid 24355782)
120. Ritter J, Creutzig U, Schellong G. Improved treatment results in the myelocytic subtypes FABM1-M4 but not in FABM5 after intensification of induction therapy: results of the German childhood AML studies BFM-78 and BFM-83. Haematology and Blood Transfusion 1990;33:185-192
121. Roy A, Bradburn M, Moorman AV, Burrett J, Love S, Kinsey SE, et al. Early response to induction is predictive of survival in childhood Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the Medical Research Council ALL 97 trial. British Journal of Haematology 2005;129:35-44. (Pubitemid 40524049)
122. Sallan SE, Camitta BM, Frei E III, Furman L, Leavitt P, Bishop Y, et al.Clinical and cytokinetic aspects of remission induction of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): addition of an anthracycline to vincristine and prednisone. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 1977;3:281-287
123. Schaison G, Sommelet D, Bancillon A, Perel Y, Leblanc T, Bergeron C, et al.Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia French protocol Fralle 83-87. Leukemia 1992;6 Suppl 2:148-152
124. Scherrer R, Bettelheim P, Geissler K, Jager U, Knobl P, Kyrle PA, et al.High efficacy of the German multicenter ALL (GMALL) protocol for treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-a single-institution study. Annals of Hematology 1994;69:181-188 (Pubitemid 24314386)
125. Schmits R,Glass B,Trumper L, PfreundschuhM. Therapeutic strategies for aggressive lymphomas: the trials of the DSHNHL. Annals of Hematology 2001;80 Suppl 3:B77-B83.
126. Silverman LB, Declerck L, Gelber RD, Dalton VK, Asselin BL, Barr RD, et al. Results of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Consortium protocols for children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1981-1995). Leukemia 2000;14:2247-2256
127. Smithson WA, Telander RL, Carney JA. Mesenchymoma of the liver in childhood: five-year survival after combined-modality treatment. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 1982;17:70-72
128. Sotnikov VM, Polianskaia AM, Pan'shin GA, Ingberman I, Kaplanskaia IB. Chemoradiation treatment of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in stages I to II of the disease. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 1989;61:20-23
129. Spears WT, Morphis II JG, Lester SG, Williams SD, Einhorn LH. Brain metastases and testicular tumors: long-term survival. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1992;22:17-22.
130. Stary J, Gajdos P, Blazek B, Ptoszkova H, Mihal V, Pospisilova D, et al. Improved results in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with the ALL-BFM 90 protocol in the Czech Republic. Casopis Lekary Ceskych 2003;142:404-409 (Pubitemid 36975519)
131. Steinherz PG, Redner A, Steinherz L, Meyers P, Tan C, Heller G. Development of a new intensive therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children at increased risk of early relapse. TheMemorial Sloan-Kettering-New York-II protocol. Cancer 1993;72:3120-3130 (Pubitemid 23335062)
132. Steinherz PG, Gaynon PS, Breneman JC, Cherlow JM, Grossman NJ, Kersey JH, et al. Cytoreduction and prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia-the importance of early marrow response: report from the Childrens Cancer Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1996;14:389-398
133. Steinherz PG, Gaynon PS, Breneman JC, Cherlow JM, Grossman NJ, Kersey JH, et al.Treatment of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with bulky extramedullary disease and T-cell phenotype or other poor prognostic features: randomized controlled trial from the Children's Cancer Group. Cancer 1998;82:600-612
134. Tarella C, Cuttica A, Caracciolo D, Zallio F, Ricca I, Bergui L, et al. High-dose sequential (HDS) chemotherapy for high-risk non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: long-term analysis and future developments. Annals of Hematology 2001;80 Suppl 3:B123-B126. (Pubitemid 33135871)
135. Tefft M, Razek A, Perez C, Burgert EO, Gehan EA, Griffin P, et al. Local control and survival related to radiation dose and volume and to chemotherapy in non-metastatic Ewing's sarcoma of pelvic bones. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1978;4:367-372 (Pubitemid 8397995)
136. Thomas PR, Tefft M, D'Angio GJ, Norkool P. Acute toxicities associated with radiation in the second National Wilms' Tumor Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1988;6:1694-1698 (Pubitemid 19089046)
137. Tournade MF, Com-Nougue C, Voute PA, Lemerle J, De Kraker J, Delemarre JFM, et al.Results of the Sixth International Society of Pediatric Oncology Wilms' tumor trial and study: A risk-adapted therapeutic approach in Wilms' tumor. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993;11:1014-1023 (Pubitemid 23163339)
138. Tsuchiya H, Tomita K, Mori Y, Asada N, Morinaga T, Kitano S, et al.Caffeine-assisted chemotherapy andminimized tumor excision for nonmetastatic osteosarcoma. Anticancer Research 1998;18:657-666 (Pubitemid 28174888)
139. van der Does-van den Berg A, van Wering ER, Suciu S, Solbu G, Rammeloo JA, de Koning J, et al.Results of treatment of children with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) according to the ALL V protocol of the Netherlands Working Group on Leukemia in Children. Tijdschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde 1988;56:61-66
140. Virchis A, Koh M, Rankin P, Mehta A, Potter M, Hoffbrand AV, et al. Fludarabine, cytosine arabinoside, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor with or without idarubicin in the treatment of high risk acute leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndromes. British Journal of Haematology 2004;124:26-32. (Pubitemid 38021620)
141. Vose JM, Anderson JR, Bierman PJ, Bast M, Weisenburger D, Chan WC, et al.Comparison of front-line chemotherapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using the CAP-BOP regimens. The Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group. Seminars in Hematology 1994;31:4-8.
142. Watts RG, Hilliard LM, Berkow RL. Tailored chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma arising in the setting of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder after solid organ transplantation. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 2002;24:622-626
143. Weinstein H, Ravindranath Y, Krischer J, Steuber P, Civin C, Gresik M, et al. The impact of early intensive therapy on event-free survival (EFS) in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemia 1992;6 Suppl 2:52-54
144. Wilimas JA, Douglass EC, Lewis S, Fairclough D, Fullen G, Parham D, et al.Reduced therapy for Wilms' tumor: analysis of treatment results from a single institution. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1988; 6:1630-1635 (Pubitemid 19092401)
145. Willemze R, Haanen C, Dekker A, Sizoo W, Abels J, Tricot G, et al. Results of a multicentre study of the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adolescents and adults (1978-1981). The Netherlands Journal of Medicine 1982;25:303-307 (Pubitemid 13224818)
146. Willnow U, Lindner H, Rothe K, Kamprad F. The results of a prospective study for treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma in children. Kinderarztliche Praxis 1986;54:661-667 (Pubitemid 17230525)
147. Zaharia M, Caceres E, Valdivia S, Moran M, Tejada F. Postoperative whole lung irradiation with or without adriamycin in osteogenic sarcoma. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1986;12:907-910 (Pubitemid 16057574)
148. Zintl F, Plenert W, Malke H. Results of acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy in childhood with a modified BFM protocol in a multicenter study in the German Democratic Republic. Haematology and Blood Transfusion 1987;30:471-479
149. Zittoun R, Liso V, Mandelli F, Rotoli B, de Witte T, Gattringer C, et al.Intensive consolidation chemotherapy versus standard consolidation maintenance in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first remission. An EORTC/GIMEMA phase III trial (AML8 B). The EORTC Leukemia Cooperative Group and the GIMEMA Group. Leukemia 1992;6 Suppl 2:76-77
150. Baruchel A, Auvrignon A, AuclereM-F, Perel Y,Mechinaud F, Landman-Parker J, et al.Childhood standard-risk B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR-BCP-ALL): toxicity and efficacy interim results of the FRALLE 2000-A protocol (O.093). Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2006; Vol.47:380.
151. Cayuela J-M, Beldjord K, Preudhomme C, Cave H, Eliahou J-F, Auclerc M-F, et al.Minimal residual disease (MRD) in childhood standard-risk B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR-BCPALL) at the end of induction (EOI) after a three or four drug induction (O.094). Pediatric Blood and Cancer 2006;47:380-381
152. Not mentioned. COG AHEP0531. Not mentioned.
153. TRIAL relapsed AML 2001/01. www.controlled-trials.com.
154. Treatment of children and adolescents with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. www.controlled-trials.com.
155. A protocol for nonmetastatic rhabdomyosarcoma [RMS-2005]. www.controlled-trials.com.
156. Nephroblastoma clinical trial and study. www.controlled-trials.com.
157. Chemotherapy in treating children with liver cancer. www.controlled- trials.com.
158. Billingham ME, Mason JW, Bristow MR, Daniels JR. Anthracycline cardiomyopathy monitored by morphologic changes. Cancer Treatment Reports 1978;62:865-872
159. Biondi A, Cimino G, Pieters R, Pui CH. Biological and therapeutic aspects of infant leukemia. Blood 2000;96:24-33. (Pubitemid 30456446)
160. Gratias EJ, Dome JS. Current and Emerging Chemotherapy Treatment Strategies for WilmsTumor inNorth America. Paediatric Drugs 2008;10:115-124
161. Green DM, Grigoriev YA, Nan B, Takashima JR, Norkool PA, D'Angio GJ, et al. Congestive heart failure after treatment for Wilms' tumor: a report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001;19:1926-1934 (Pubitemid 32702536)
162. Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.5 [updated May 2005]. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2006. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
163. Kremer LCM, van Dalen EC, Offringa M, Voute PA. Frequency and risk factors of anthracycline-induced clinical heart failure in children: a systematic review. Annals of Oncology 2002;13:503-512 (Pubitemid 34461132)
164. Kremer LCM, van der Pal HJH, Offringa M, van Dalen EC, Voute PA. Frequency and risk factors of subclinical cardiotoxicity after anthracycline therapy in children: a systematic review. Annals of Oncology 2002;13:819-829 (Pubitemid 34752678)
165. Lefrak EA, Pitha J, Rosenheim S, Gottlieb JA. A clinicopathologic analysis of adriamycin cardiotoxicity. Cancer 1973;32:302-314
166. Lipshultz SE, Lipsitz SR, Sallan SE, Dalton VM, Mone SM, Gelber RD, et al. Chronic progressive cardiac dysfunction years after doxorubicin therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23:2629-2636
167. Mertens AC, Yasui Y, Neglia JP, Potter JD, Nesbit ME Jr, Ruccione K, et al. Latemortality experience in five-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001;19:3163-3172 (Pubitemid 32591432)
168. Messinger Y, Uckun FM. A critical risk-benefit assessment argues against the use of anthracyclines in induction regimens for newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1999;34:415-432 (Pubitemid 29429723)
169. ParmarMK, Torri V, Stewart L. Extracting summary statistics to perform meta-analyses of the published literature for survival endpoints. Statistics in Medicine 1998;17:2815-2834 (Pubitemid 28562978)
170. Pieters R, Carroll WL. Biology and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2008;55:1-20. (Pubitemid 351173191)
171. Van Dalen EC, van der Pal HJ, Kok WE, Caron HN, Kremer LCM. Clinical heart failure in a cohort of children treated with anthracyclines: a long-term follow-up study. European Journal of Cancer 2006;42:3191-3198 (Pubitemid 44872945)
172. Von Hoff DD, Layard MW, Basa P, Davis HL Jr, Von Hoff AL, RozencweigM, et al. Risk factors for doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure. Annals of Internal Medicine 1979;91:710-717 (Pubitemid 10218041)
173. Wouters KA, Kremer LCM, Miller TL, Herman EH, Lipshultz SE. Protecting against anthracycline-induced myocardial damage: a review of the most promising strategies. British Journal of Haematology 2005;131:561-578